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Файл:Развитие навыков устной и письменной речи на английском языке. Практикум
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Ex. 2. Read and translate Text 5.
Text 5. Swimming
Swimming is the act of moving through water by using the arms and legs.
Swimming is a popular form of recreation, an important international sport, and
healthy exercise. Swimming improves heart action, aids blood circulation, and helps
develop firm muscles. Good swimmers can also enjoy various other water sports
and activities. Such sports include springboard and platform diving, surfing and
windsurfing, water skiing, water polo, scuba diving, and synchronized swimming.
The ability to swim well makes such sports as fishing and boating safer and more fun.
Above all, the ability to swim may save a person's life if there is an
emergency in the water.
Swimming has been known since prehistoric times. Ancient people may
have learned to swim by imitating the way dogs and other animals moved through
water. Swimming became a popular form of exercise and recreation in many
ancient lands, including Assyria, Egypt, Greece, and Rome. The Greeks did not
include swimming in the ancient Olympic Games, but practiced the sport, often
building swimming pools as part of their baths.
Swimming became less popular during the Middle Ages as it was opposed
by the church; also many people feared swimming because they thought dangerous
diseases were spread by water. Swimming regained popularity in the early 1800's.
Organized swimming competitions became common during the mid-1800's.
Men's international competition began in 1896 in the first modern Olympic
Games. Women's competition was added in the 1912 Olympics.
The Federation Internationale de Natation Amateur (FINA) governs international swimming and other water sports at the amateur level. The FINA consists of
national associations from about 100 countries. Swimmers move their legs, feet,
arms, and hands in certain ways to propel themselves through the water easily and
quickly. The movements of the legs and feet are called kicks. These movements
combined with movements of the arms and hands are called strokes. Swimmers
use four types of kicks: the flutter kick, the breaststroke kick, the dolphin kick, and
the scissors kick. Each of these kicks is used in doing one or more of the strokes.
The basic strokes are the front crawl, the backstroke, the breaststroke, the butterfly,
and the sidestroke.
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The front crawl is the fastest and most popular stroke. The backstroke, or
back crawl, is performed as you lie on your back. It is a restful stroke because your
face is always out of the water and breathing is easy. The breaststroke is another
restful stroke. It is done in combination with the breaststroke kick. The butterfly is a
difficult stroke to learn, but it is smooth and graceful if performed correctly. It is
performed in combination with dolphin kick. Sidestroke, dog paddle and the
elementary backstroke are applied strokes and are not used in competition.
Swimming competitions are held in both long-course pools, which measure
50 metres long, and short-course pools, which measure 25 metres long. Swimmers
participate in five kinds of races – freestyle, breaststroke, backstroke, butterfly and
individual medley. In a freestyle race, swimmers may choose any stroke, but usually
they use the front crawl because it is the fastest stroke. In the medley athletes swim
an equal distance of each stroke. In competitions, individual freestyle races are held
at distance of 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1500 metres. Breaststroke, backstroke and
butterfly events are 100 and 200 metres long. The individual medley covers 4*50 and
4*100 metres. Men’s and women’s team relays are contested as a 4*100-metre
freestyle relay, a 4*100-metre medley and a 4*200-metre freestyle relay.
Ex. 3. Answer the following questions:
1. What is swimming?
__________________________________________________________________
2. What types are there in swimming?
__________________________________________________________________
3. What is breaststroke?
__________________________________________________________________
4. What is medley?
__________________________________________________________________
5. What is freestyle?
__________________________________________________________________
Ex. 4. Use the following words and phrases in sentences:
Identify, examine, observe, get, feel, resist, operation, bath, feel like, allow, view,
outside.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
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Ex. 5. Retell the text.
Ex. 6. Talk on the subject:
1. Various swimming facilities.
2. Establishment of swimming pool.
3. Indoor pool in your city.
4. Swimming in summer and in winter.
5. Swimming pools that function even in winter.
Ex. 7. Roleplay a conversation between swimmers.
Dialogue 1
Fei: Hi Jerry, what's wrong? You look a bit under the weather.
Jerry: I'm not feeling very well. I seem to be coming down with another cold.
F: Not again! You had a cold last month, and the month before that, too.
J: Well, there's not much I can do about it. I'm not sick on purpose. All I can do is
take some medicine and take it easy.
F: Would you mind if I made a suggestion?
J: No, I don't mind. Go ahead.
F: Maybe you should try some traditional Chinese medicine.
J: If it can help me get rid of this cold, I'd be willing to give it a shot.
F: Actually, it might not make a difference with this cold, but it can make your whole
body stronger so you won't catch so many colds.
J: What's so special about traditional Chinese medicine?
F: One special point is that it's all natural. Chinese medicine is made from plants,
not chemicals, which means there are few side-effects.
J: That's a big advantage. Some people can't stand the thought of taking medicine
because of all the chemicals.
F: Another advantage is that Chinese medicine works slowly, so it keeps your body
healthy in the long run.
J: That sounds like just what I need! But, how does traditional Chinese medicine
work?
F: Basically, it helps balance two opposing forces in your body. In Chinese, we call
these forces «Yin», which is cold, dark and quiet, and «Yang», which is hot, bright
and active. If you have either too much «Yin» or too much «Yang», your body is out
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of balance, and you are more likely to get sick. The purpose of traditional Chinese
medicine is to put «Yin» and «Yang» back in balance.
J: I see. So how can I get my hands on some Chinese medicine. Can I buy it in any
pharmacy?
F: First, you should be examined by a traditional doctor. I know a good doctor just
around the corner.
J: I'm a bit afraid, Fei. Will he give me any shots or anything like that?
F: Don't be afraid, Jerry. The doctor will just feel your pulse and check the color of
your tongue. It's very simple and painless!
J: Great! I have some free time at the end of next week. How's your schedule on
Thursday or Friday?
F: I'm free both days. I'll call the doctor to set up an appointment, then let you know
what has been decided.
J: That's wonderful Fei. It should be a very interesting experience for me.
Dialogue 2
Jerry: Fay, have you decided to stay in Beijing?
Fay: Yes, I have. Shanghai is exciting, but Beijing is still home.
J: That's a good idea. You'll be happier here. I think I'll stay here for a while myself,
at least until the Summer Olympics in 2008.
F: Oh really? Do you plan to go see the games while you're here?
J: Sure, the Olympics are very exciting. It's like one big party! I had fun when I went
to previous Olympics.
F: What? You mean you've been to the Olympics before?
J: Yes, I spent a few days in Atlanta in '96, and I saw the Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan in '98 too. You can see so many different people, hear different languages, do all kinds of things. You can even see some sports if you really want to!
F: Ha ha ha. You're really funny, Jerry. So did you see many events?
J: Actually, I didn't see so many. Believe it or not, it's better to watch the sports
events at home. It's more comfortable, you can see the games up close, and you
get different camera angles. Unless you can get good seats, watching in person
isn't nearly as good.
F: That sounds very disappointing! Why should anyone go to see the Olympics?
J: It's not disappointing at all. The atmosphere is what makes it all worthwhile. Also,
I got into collecting and trading Olympic pins when I was there. You can trade pins
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with people from all over the world. I now have pins from more than 20 different
countries. It's a fun way to meet all kinds of people.
F: Did you meet any athletes?
J: Yes, as a matter of fact, I met some of the Chinese women ice hockey players
when I was in Japan. They gave me this China pin in exchange for an American
pin.
F: I think I'd like to have a Beijing 2008 Olympic pin! I wonder where I can get one?
J: Well Fay, I just happen to have one right here.
F: Really? Can I have it?
J: Sure... What do you have to trade for it???
Ex. 8. Change italicized phrases with other words or phrases without changing the content of the sentences:
1. The winners in butterfly on 200-m-distance have again proved their rank.
__________________________________________________________________
2. The sportsman won in the distance on 100 m freestyle and 100 m butterfly.
__________________________________________________________________
3. In which time did he manage the 200-m-back?
__________________________________________________________________
Ex. 9. Answer the following questions:
1. How did you learn to swim?
__________________________________________________________________
2. What style can you swim?
__________________________________________________________________
3. What style of swimming do you like best and why?
__________________________________________________________________
Ex. 10. Put the missing parts of the dialogue:
– I don't swim.
– And if I dive.
– All swimmers swim several types.
– No, this style seems to too complicated.
– Better to show me another not so exhausting style.
– But this girl seems to be innovative.
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– And then she has a special talent for swimming!
– All right, I need to go.
_________________________________
__________________________________
_________________________________
__________________________________
_________________________________
__________________________________
_________________________________
__________________________________
Ex. 11. Tell about famous swimmers in your country.
Ex. 12. Use the following vocabulary in short stories.
1. 25-meter track, starting block, 100-m-back, contact, overtake, careful, exhausted.
_________________________________________________________________
2. River, diving, water, incessantly, tough.
__________________________________________________________________
3. Jump, competition, dipping, style, especially.
__________________________________________________________________
4. Swimming pool, stretching, bright, cheer, favorite, swimmer, new record.
__________________________________________________________________
Ex. 13. Translate into English:
– Кто вышел победителем в заплыве на 100 м брассом?
__________________________________________________________________
– Один студент университета. Его имя впервые появилось в списке лучших
пловцов города и поэтому я его не запомнил.
__________________________________________________________________
– Какое мнение сложилось у вас о нем?
__________________________________________________________________
– Он подает большие надежды. В особенности хорошо он распределяет свои
силы на дистанции. Уже на первом повороте ему удалось обогнать противника на 1,5 метра. ___________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
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– Как долго он находился под водой после стартового прыжка?
1. rowing
1. академическая парная восьмерка
2. to row
2. академическая парная двойка
3. a rower
3. академическая парная четверка
4. rowing squad
4. байдарка, каяк
5. oarsman
5. байдарочная гребля
6. helmsman
6. буер
__________________________________________________________________
– Секунд семь, за это время он проплыл 16 метров.
__________________________________________________________________
– Молодец. Каковы его успехи в других стилях, скажем, в кроле или баттерфляе?
__________________________________________________________________
– Откровенно говоря, я не в курсе дела. Но должно быть, и здесь он может
добиться хороших результатов. После заплыва он, казалось, был совершенно
не утомлен. ______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
– Значит, у него хорошие физические данные.
__________________________________________________________________
– Да, несомненно. Но ему нужно отрабатывать технику.
__________________________________________________________________
– Само собой разумеется. Посмотрим, чем он еще нас порадует. Скоро будут
областные соревнования. __________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Ex. 14. Exchange your views on the recent success of Russian swimmers.
Text 6. Water sports
Ex. 1. Match English and Russian words and word combinations from the
Vocabulary Notes. Learn the Vocabulary Notes by heart.
Vocabulary Notes
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7. paddle
7. буй, бакен
8. rowlock
8. в заезде одиночек (двоек, четверок)
9. bow
9. весло
10. stem
10. восьмерка распашная
11. boat class
11. гонки, регата
12. racing boat
12. гоночная лодка
13. single scull
13. гребец
14. pair oar
14. гребля
15. double scull
15. грести
16. four oar
16. двойка распашная
17. quadruple sculls
17. загребной
18. eight oar
18. заезд
19. coxed eight
19. идти на всех парусах
20. in one (in two, in four)
20. каноэ
21. kayak paddling
21. класс лодок
22. kayak
22. команда гребцов
23. canoe
23. корма (лодки)
24. race boat
24. лодка для академической гребли
25. skiff
25. лодочная (прокатная) станция
26. berth
26. мачта
27. boating station
27. мостик, причал
28. buoy
28. налегать на весла
29. to moor
29. нос (лодки)
30. to cast off
30. одиночка
31. to capsize
31. опрокинуться (килем вверх)
32. to ply one’s oar
32. отчаливать
33. round
33. парус
34. preliminary heat
34. парусный спорт
35. to cross the finish line
35. парусный спорт на льду
36. sailing (sport)
36. пересечь финишную прямую (финишный
створ) быть на финише
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37. yacht
37. предварительный заезд
38. mast
38. причаливать, приставать к берегу
39. sail
39. рулевой
40. regatta
40. ставить паруса
41. to go full sail
41. убрать паруса
42. to make sail
42. уключина
43. to take in sail
43. четверка распашная
44. ice sailing
44. ялик, шлюпка
45. ice boat
45. яхта
1. 10. 19. 28. 37. 2. 11. 20. 29. 38. 3. 12. 21. 30. 39. 4. 13. 22. 31. 40. 5. 14. 23. 32. 41. 6. 15. 24. 33. 42. 7. 16. 25. 34. 43. 8. 17. 26. 35. 44. 9. 18. 27. 36. 45.
Table for Ex. 1.
Ex. 2. Read and translate Text 6.
Text 6. Water sports
All over the world people head for oceans, lakes, pools and rivers in search
of fun, freedom and excitement. On the water, in the water or under the water, there
are a huge range of sports and activities available to lovers of H2O. Let’s take a
look at some of the more colourful and adventurous water sports.
Surfing. Contemporary surfers use lightweight fibre glass boards to catch
waves of varying shapes and sizes as they roll in towards the beach. One of the
main attractions of the sport is its simplicity – all a surfer really needs is a surfboard,
a wet suit and a way of getting to the beach.
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Although there has been a fiercely competitive professional tour since the
1970s, surfing traditionally appeals to young people with a relaxed outlook on life.
A whole lifestyle has built up around the sport, and movies like Big Wednesday,
Point Break and Blue Crush have popularised surf culture.
Surfing also has its own language – an excited surfer is ‘stoked’, a surfer
who falls off his board ‘wipes out’, and something a surfer really likes is ‘awesome’.
The heroes of the surfing community are the soul surfers – surfers who live only to
travel and surf.
Windsurfing and kiteboarding. Both close cousins of surfing, windsurfing
and kiteboarding use the wind to propel modified surfboards at high speeds across
the surface of the water. Windsurfing is a hybrid of sailing and surfing invented by
sailor Jim Drake, and surfer Hoyle Schweiter in South California in the late 1960s.
Windsurfing has become a hugely popular outdoor activity, and made its first
appearance at the Olympics in LA in 1984.
There are many different styles of windsurfing which include ‘freestyle’,
where windsurfers do tricks, ‘bump-and-jump’ in which surfers use waves to take to
the air, and ‘slalom’.
Kitesurfing is an even more recent development; it has only been around
since the 1980s, and is only recently becoming an established water sport. As the
name of the sport suggests, kitesurfers are towed along by large kites, allowing
them to pull-off incredible tricks in the air.
The names of the tricks give an idea of how exciting the sport is; the ‘heartattack’, ‘boneless’ and ‘slim chance’ are among the most exhilarating to watch.
SCUBA diving. Just as mankind has always had a desire to fly, the human
race has wanted to swim under the water since prehistoric times. Pictures of primitive
devices to enable people to breathe under water have been found dating from 3000
years ago, but our dream of moving freely beneath the ocean waves for long periods
of time was only realised about 60 years ago, when French diving legend Jacques
Cousteau developed the first practical Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus (SCUBA). Since then the sport of SCUBA diving has gone from strength to
strength. Lovers of SCUBA diving rave about the feeling of weightlessness, the
peace and quiet under the water, the ability to move in three dimensions and the
sense of adventure they get while on a dive. SCUBA divers often travel to some of
the most beautiful and remote places in the world in the search for rare underwater
flora and fauna. Palau, The Red Sea, The Maldives and Hawaii have many of the
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