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Файл:Проблемы медицины и биологии. Межрегиональная научно-практическая конференция молодых ученых и студентов с международным участием
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A leading symptom in clinical presentation of phobias is paroxysmal nascent sense of fear. In an attempt
to prevent the painful experience of fear patients try to avoid situations provoking their origin. On onset of phobia
people feel a sense of alarm and fear followed by evident vegetative symptoms (shortness of breath, palpitation,
nausea, death-damp, fainting fits and etc.) that makes them avoid these situations. On the peak of experiencing fear
self-control is problematic. Patients try to resist their fear and search the methods of fighting with them.
In the process of treating phobias a patient is exposed to influence of the object of fear to help him
overcome it. Another method often used in treatment phobias is contrasting. According to this method a patient
is taught other responses to the object of his fear (methods of relaxation).
Results: During research we interviewed 150 KemSMA students to determine phobias prevailing
among them. More than 49% of students possess fear before examinations, more than 32 % - have fear of illness
and nearly 28% - are afraid of live performances. Similarly, more than 20 students are afraid of spiders and
snakes, darkness, height and death.
Conclusion: Many young people experience phobias, social phobias being the mostly spread. The
phenomenon results from the feeling of being socially unprotected.
SMAKOTINA A.I.
WHAT IS YOUR BIOLOGICAL CLOCK?
Department of Foreign Languages
Kemerovo State Medical Academy, Kemerovo
Supervisor – cand. philol.sci., assistant professor L.V.Gukina
Purpose: To make a complete review of available information about biological clock, to understand
how people feel their biological clock.
Human beings, plants and animals have a biological clock and it tells each plant, human being and
animal when to eat, sleep and when to wake up. In addition to this, we are able to reset this clock to fit in more
usefully with our everyday life. Karl von Frisch was one of the earliest people to become interested in the nature
of biological clock. While studying the European Minnow he found that they lightened their skin in the dark, and
could still do so even when they had been blinded. However, when part of the brain called the pineal gland was
damaged the fish could no longer change the color of their skin. This lead Frisch to his concept of extra ocular
(without the eyes) perception in 1911. The biological clock allowed the fish to still change color when they were
blind as the eyes where not solely relied on to perceive light and dark. The understanding of this clock can be
very helpful to people, for by doing so people may be able to learn to "set" them to wake up at a prearranged
time, remind people of appointments or even help them to return to their car before the time expires on their
parking meter. If someone's daily biological clock runs fast, the person will tend to get sleepy early in the
evening, but will be able to wake up in the morning with little difficulty. Exposure to the day/night cycle of the
outside world will help him or her to reset his biological clock each day - human being is able to do this more
easily than animals - otherwise he would go to bed earlier and get up earlier and earlier each day. Because of this
need to readjust his internal clock, he is continually under pressure from the external world. Animals are thought
to have developed biological clock because they help a species to survive. The clock discourage activity during
darkness when their owners are more vulnerable to predators because of reduced vision. Humans have retained
the daily and monthly for what was probably much the same set of reasons: the biological clock is more useful
nowadays to use. For instance, we eat at certain times and gastric juice flows at certain times so that we digest
the food at a certain time. The clock also reduces the amount of urine at night so that we are not as likely to be
going to the bathroom all night. The survey of 150 medical students showed that 56% of respondents feel their
biological clock; 65% - wake up early on weekends even if they do not want to; 63% - feel that it is hard for
them to wake up early after holidays; only 24% - take food at the same time every day.
Conclusion: The results of the questionnaire revealed that the medical students feel their biological
clock, but it is hard for them to follow it.
SURINA M.N.
“NEAR-MISS” OBSTETRIC EVENTS: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Department of Foreign Languages
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology # 2.
Kemerovo State Medical Academy, Kemerovo
Supervisors: MD, professor N.V. Artymuk, assistant professor T.Yu.Marochko,
cand.philol.sci., assistant professor L.V.Gukina, senior lecturer L.V. Lichnaya
For a long time the assessment of obstetrics system condition was conducted by maternal mortality
analysis. Recently the analysis of near-miss women cases showed supplementary advantages in studying
maternal mortality.
The purpose is to examine nosologic structure, social and hygienic features of near-miss women.
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Material and methods
The retrospective analysis of patients’ delivery cases who had received treatment in Kemerovo Regional
Intensive Therapy of Obstetrical Polyorganic Insufficiency Center was conducted. The study included 138
patients in critical condition treated for obstetrical polyorganic insufficiency.
Results
The indications for admission to Kemerovo Regional Intensive Therapy of Obstetrical Polyorganic
Insufficiency Center were: extragenital pathology – 35,3%, sepsis – 31,4%, massive hemorrhage – 12,3%, severe
gestosis – 8,8%, trauma – 3,9%, amniotic fluid embolism – 3,2%, alcoholism and opiomania complications –
3,2%, and anesthetic benefit complications – 1,9%.
Average age of the “near-miss” women was 25,4±4,8 years. Most of the women – 70% - were urban
residents; more than a half – 61,2% - were single. Among them 58,6% - were householders, 31,1% - employees,
17,2% - were working, and 2,8% - were students. Every fifth woman had unfavorable social conditions.
Almost half of the women (47,7%) smoked, every fifth (23,9%) abused alcohol, and every tenth
(10,2%) had opiomania. About 2,3% of the women were HIV infected; 56% women had associated extragenital
pathology, and 36% of women had gynaecological diseases. More than a half of women (54,2%) had never used
any contraception methods, 47% - had abortions.
Conclusion
Thus, the main critical conditions causes were extragenital diseases and sepsis. As a rule, “near-miss”
women were in active reproductive age, they had high incidence of chronic somatic and gynaecological diseases
and also unfavorable social conditions, as well as other factors affecting their health.
TARASKINA I.O., TULENEVA K.O.
JUNIOR STUDENTS STRESS-CONDITIONS
Department of Foreign Languages
Kemerovo State Medical Academy, Kemerovo
Supervisor – cand. philol.sci., assistant professor L.V.Gukina
Purpose: To identify the main causes of stress among first-year students of KemSMA and the ways of
its control.
Stress is any situation that evokes negative thoughts and feelings in a person.
Studying can be an exciting time of growth and personal development, making new friendships and
being intellectually challenged, but, unfortunately, these positive experiences induce stress as all these changes
take place at once. Worries about finances, relationships and academic performance can all have an impact on
your physical and mental state of mind. Also, the intensive academic and emotional load is more difficult than
school one. Many students deal with stress in our academy – especially during the first years.
Some genetic research show that even exams can cause serious stress to the students. It would look like
hands tremor, insomnia, loss of appetite and so on. But everything seems much more serious: the action of stress,
according to U.S. researchers, is also manifested at the genetic level.
In 2005, the National College Health Assessment (NCHA) surveyed 17,000 college students. Twentyfive percent of the students reported they have "felt so depressed that it was difficult to function" three to eight
times in the past 12 months. Forty-two percent of students felt depressed at least once in the past year. Stress can
also cause exhaustion and illness, either physical or psychological as well as accidents and suicidal behavior.
Women are five times as likely to have anxiety disorders. Eating disorders affect 5-10 million women
and 1 million men, with the highest rates occurring in college-aged women. Advantaged, white women are at the
highest risk.
Suicide is the eighth leading cause of death among the US population, the third leading cause of death
for all those aged 15-24, and the second leading cause of death in college populations.
Our research has shown that 70% of students of Kemerovo State Medical Academy think that their first
course was the most difficult and stressful for the whole period of education. About 21% of respondents suggest the
second course to be the most difficult. And 9% of students marked no evident difficulties caused by new academic
and living environment. Each of them have their own methods of stress control like dancing, music, reading,
communication, walking, different hobbies, food, bad habits, antidepressants and other remedies, even exams.
Conclusion: During the learning process students are faced with many difficulties that may eventually
cause great stress and it certainly needs control.
USHAKOV V.S.
IMMUNIZATIONS – HARMFUL TO YOUR CHILD OR NOT?
Department of Foreign Languages
Kemerovo State Medical Academy, Kemerovo
Supervisors – cand. philol.sci., assistant professor L.V.Gukina, senior lecturer I.S.Marabyan
Purpose: To define how harmful or useful immunizations are for children.
Immunizations, also referred to as vaccinations are specifically designed to help protect you and your
child from certain diseases. Many studies in the medical literature have reported vaccine failure.The World
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Health Organization has actually found that a person who is vaccinated for measles has a 15 times greater
likelihood of contracting the disease than a person who is not. What all of these facts point to is that vaccinations
are not as effective as people are made to believe. A person who has been vaccinated has no guarantee that he
will not contract the disease and chances are that if he does, it will be at a later age when the consequences are
much more serious. The truth of the matter is that when immunity to disease is acquired naturally (such as
through breastfeeding or through contact at a young age), the possibility of re-infection is only 3.2%. If the
“immunity” comes from the artificial means of vaccinations, the chance of re-infection is 80%. In any epidemic,
only a small percentage of the population actually contracts the disease, many of them being naturally immune.
If a person who has been vaccinated does not contract the disease, this proves nothing. Chances are that even
without the vaccination, he or she would not have gotten the disease. By the time a child enters first grade, he or
she receives as many as 10 different vaccines for a total of 19 shots. About 98% of children living in the United
States receive the recommended shots. Our research has shown that 84% of students of the Kemerovo State
Medical Academy heard about harmful effects of immunizations; 65% of students think that immunizations
reduce the risk of disease in children; 67% of respondents note that limited admittance of non-immunized
children to pre-school institutions is illegal; 90% of students think that the government should compensate the
negative effects of immunizations. Nearly 95% of students would like to receive more information about
immunizations (29% - by booklets, 28% - by media, 38% - by lectures) and 5% of students would not like to
receive additional information.
Conclusion: All opinions on importance of immunization and its positive and negative effects sound
quite controversial. And only parents can decide whether to vaccinate their child or not. But most parents feel
compelled to take some disease-preventing action for their children. While there is no 100% guarantee
anywhere, there are viable alternatives. Historically, homeopathy is supposed to be more effective in treating and
preventing diseases.
USTINOVA N.A.
ANTIDEPRESSANTS - WHETHER THEY SOLVE THE PROBLEMS?
Department of Foreign Languages
Kemerovo State Medical Academy, Kemerovo
Supervisor – cand. philol.sci., assistant professor L.V.Gukina
Purpose: To form an idea of the influence of antidepressants on the organism and learn about the
awareness of medical students on this issue.
It is now clear that antidepressants today are not the wonder drugs as they were thought of before. The
sometimes intolerable withdrawal symptoms that can make it difficult and hazardous to stop taking
antidepressants also expose many users to severe and depressing side effects: substantial weight gain, loss of
libido and mood changes, nausea, anxiety, feeling light-headed, tremors or shakes, fatigue, sleep disturbances,
dry mouth, diarrhea, constipation, headaches and so on.
The most serious side effects of any type of antidepressant can include suicidal thoughts or behaviors,
agitation, panic attacks, aggression, hostility, restlessness, hallucinations, rapid pulse, heart palpitations, and
insomnia. Serious side effects may also be a symptom of serotonin syndrome which is a serious and potentially
life-threatening condition. Suspicions about such problems - especially about drug-induced suicidal behavior and
sensitization to depression - have been rumbling for years. Severely depressed children and adolescents aged 6 to
18 years were 1.5 times as likely to attempt suicide and also significantly more likely to complete suicide if they
were treated with an antidepressant medication than if they were not treated with an antidepressant.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) findings show that 118 million prescriptions were for
antidepressants in 2007. Almost 232 million prescriptions for antidepressants were written in 2008, the largest
increase being especially among children. Approximately 30 million patients in the US spent $12 billion to buy
antidepressants in 2007. The tests revealed that 75% of patients developed side-effects.
According to the survey of 150 students of medical academy 54% - are aware of the damage from taking
antidepressants to health, 4% - think that they rescue from depression without harm, and 42% - do not know about
that. Among students there are 31% who occasionally take antidepressants and 69% - who never take them.
Conclusion: The questionnaire findings reveal that junior medical students do take antidepressants but
know nothing about the harm which they can bring.
VERETELNIKOVA I.J
USE OF THE «KOSTMA» IN TREATMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL
VERTEBRAL OSTEOMYELITIS
Department of Foreign Languages
Department of Traumatology, Orthopedics and Military Surgery
Kemerovo State Medical Academy, Kemerovo
Supervisors: MD, professor I.P. Ardashev, cand.philol.sci., assistant professor L.V.Gukina
Purpose is to investigate of bone tissue regeneration at experimental chronic vertebral osteomyelitis
using the osteoplastic material «Kostma».
Material and methods: Osteomyelitis was induced in the rats' tail vertebrae. The skin was dissected
with a scalpel under intraperitoneal anesthesia, inoculation was performed by direct introduction of pure
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hemolytic stain of Staphylococcus aureus into a notch in the two adjacent vertebral bodies, drilled with dental
bur, than the wound was closed. After operation evaluation of infectious process was done by clinical,
radiological, bacteriological and histological parameters for 3 months. Then surgical sanitation of osteomyelitic
focus was performed with bacteriological analysis and filling the bone defect with material «Kostma».
Postoperatively, we also used clinical observation, radiographic, histological analysis of the specimens in 1, 2
and 3 months to assess the healing process.
Results: Clinical signs of infection consisted of localized soft tissue swelling, reddening and pain, but
general status of animals did not change. We notice also the attributes of an inflammation in blood test.
Radiological features included marked destruction of the vertebrae, bone sequestra, sclerosis and kyphotic
deformity. Cultured we obtained from the wounds were positive for the same strain of Staphylococcus aureus.
Histology showed bone destruction with indistinct borders, foci of necrosis – attributes of a chronic osteomyelitis.
Thus the diagnosis of chronic pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis was verified. 1month after the sanitation and
replacement of the defect we noticed the marked regression of inflammation, wound healed by secondary intention,
fistulas did not resume, there was thickening at the operated vertebrae. Within 3 months after surgery, there was not
the recurrence of infection. Radiologically, we indicated the formation of fibrous block, moderate kyphotic
deformity by 3 months. Histological examination after 3 months revealed the bone defect filled with bone
trabecules of different maturity with elements of myeloid bone marrow at intertrabecular intervals.
Conclusion: The osteoplastic material «Kostma» undergoes biotransformation and the fibrous block is
forming by 3 months after surgery with bone tissue developing. These findings allow the use «Kostma» for bone
plasty at chronic vertebral osteomyelitis.
VESELKOVA O.
SOCIAL NETWORK: THE PHENOMENON OF VIRTUAL LIFE
Department of Foreign Languages
Kemerovo State Medical Academy, Kemerovo
Supervisors: cand. philol.sci., assistant professor L.V.Gukina, lecturer V.N.Surina
Purpose: To study the available information on social networks and try to explain their popularity today.
The experts watching the development of the Internet agree that 2007 will remain in history as “the year
of social networks”. Having declared loudly about itself in 2003 and having endured the present boom in 2005,
today social networks have got variety of possibilities rising them to an essentially new level.
The social network is an on-line service, which allows uniting people by a certain principle, giving them
suitable tools for a communication and self-expression. The main feature of new services is tools of searching
the necessary contacts and communication between people. Every user can create his/her virtual portrait by
means of social networks tools. It means developing a profile where you can give detailed information about
yourself, experience, hobbies, interests and goals. The profile allows you searching for like-minded people,
colleagues and people who you will cooperate with.
Today millions of users write about their excitements, share news and impressions, communicate and
argue, find business partners and employees, exchange references, photos, songs and video clips, get acquainted
and get married through social networks. However, it is not always possible for a person to identify the limit
between healthy communication in a social network and progressing dependence on such Internet resources.
Sometimes people do not leave a social network daily, having completely replaced a live human dialogue by the
Internet life, thus, becoming unable to face real problems and unadopted to life challenges. Communicating
virtually they can see and speak to nobody nearby. Certainly from the moment of creation of such networks on the
Internet argues are going on about their psychological and social effect in the community. It is also necessary to
estimate how non-stop virtual life influences the physical and mental health of those who have become abused.
Results: Our research has shown that 92,7% of students of the Kemerovo State Medical Academy are
registered in different social networks, 78,6% - do not see their lives without the virtual page and 60,7% of
students fairly admit that they are dependent on social networks.
Conclusion: Popularity of the Internet in the community is defined by social needs. At the same time
there are certain worries about possible harmful effects both physical and psychological that present certain
challenges for research.
ZOTOVA O.A.
CLINICAL AND ANAMNESTIC FEATURES OF WOMEN WITH ADENOMYOSIS
Department of Foreign Languages
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology # 2.
Kemerovo State Medical Academy, Kemerovo
Supervisors: MD, professor N.V. Artymuk, cand.philol.sci., assistant professor L.V.Gukina,
senior lecturer L.V. Lichnaya
Background: Genital endometriosis is diagnosed in 12-50% of women of reproductive age. The most
frequent localization of endometriosis is a lesion of uterus - adenomyosis, its frequency reaching 70-80%. The
aim of research is to study clinical and anamnestic features of women with adenomyosis.
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Material and methods: we have examined 296 women aged 36-75 years. Group I (the main group)
included 148 patients with morphologically verified diagnosis of adenomiosis (the average age is 47,9 ± 11,27
years). Group II (the control group) consisted of 148 patients without proliferative processes of the uterus (the
average age is 45,6 ± 9,54 years) (p = 0,567).
Results and discussion: Analysis of menstrual function showed that algodismenorrhea was observed in
77,7% of women in the main group and in 43,2% of patients in the control group (p<0,001). Menstrual disorders
in the form of hyper-polymenorrhea and menometrorrhagia occurred in 64,8% of patients in Group I, whereas
Group II had no such cases (p = 0,01). There were 11,4% of women with infertility in Group I, in Group II, there
were no infertile patients (p=0,01). In Group II 12,1% of patients used COC, that was 2 times higher than in the
main group (6,08%) (p = 0,021). The use of intrauterine contraceptives was registered in Group I in 37,8% of
cases that was statistically higher than in Group II (8,1%) (p <0,001). In Group I 28,3% of women had one
childbirth in anamnesis, that was statistically much lower than in Group II (50,6%) (p = 0,031). In Group I
79,7% of patients had medical abortions in anamnesis, that is 4 times more frequently than in Group II (18,9%)
(p <0,001). Chronic extragenital diseases were not observed in 12,8% of women in Group I and in 38,5% of
women in Group II (p = 0,025). Before surgery adenomyosis was revealed by ultrasound diagnosis only in
10,8% of cases. Total hysterectomy was performed in all patients of the main group. The results of histological
examination showed a combination of adenomyosis with uterine leiomyomas in 54% of cases, and with
hyperplastic processes of endometrium - in 42,5%.
Conclusion: Thus, patients with adenomyosis are characterized by a high frequency of menstrual
disorders and reproductive function disorders, abortions, extragenital diseases. Combination of adenomyosis
with myomas and endometrial hyperplasia as well as inefficiency of treatment are the main indications for
radical surgery.
ПРОБЛЕМЫ МЕДИЦИНЫ И БИОЛОГИИ
Межрегиональная научно-практическая конференция молодых
ученых и студентов с международным участием
(Кемерово, 14–15 апреля 2011 года)
Материалы
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Кувшинов Дмитрий Юрьевич
Отпечатано редакционно-издательским отделом ГОУ ВПО КемГМА Росздрава
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