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Файл:Практический английский язык для юристов = Practical English for Law Students. В 2 частях. Ч. 2. Учебное пособие
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7. The Pattersons said that ______ eldest daughter has just got a job working at the White House. 8. Grandpa said that ______ picture over there
was painted by this great-grandfather.
8. Use the correct form of say or tell in these sentences.
1. She ______ me she didn’t agree. 2. He ______, “Have we met be-
fore?” 3. I ______ them I wasn’t happy with their work. 4. She smiled and
______ to me, “I’m very pleased to meet you.” 5. She ______ me a story
about her parents. 6. He ______, “Do you feel OK?” I didn’t hear. 7. What
did he ______? 8. Could you ______ me the time, please? 9. They ______
me they were going to a meeting. 10. I ______ the police my address.
11. I ______ I wanted to buy a magazine. 12. He ______ he wasn’t interested in politics. 13. Could you ______ me your name again? 14. Do you
think he is ______ the truth? 15. Would you ______ him to come early
tomorrow? 16. If he ______ that again, there’ll be trouble. 17. I ______
them it was dangerous to swim here. 18. Did you ______ anything to him
about your problem at work? 19. ______ me what happened. 20. I think he
is ______ lies. 21. The policeman ______ the man was lying. 22. Philip
______ it would probably rain tomorrow. 23. Susan ______, “Let’s go out
for dinner tonight.” 24. Jim ______ me about the party last night. 25. Our
teacher ______ he was pleased with our work.
9. Change the sentences to reported speech.
1. Mary said, “I will play a game tomorrow.” Mary informed me that
______. 2. Sophie said, “I went to bed early last night.” Sophie said that
______. 3. The teacher said to Jenny, “You have to learn your grammar.”
The teacher told Jenny______. 4. Jessica told the immigration officer,
“This is my first trip to England.” Jessica told the immigration officer that
______. 5. He told me, “You are the most beautiful girl I have ever seen.”
He told me that______. 6. Marty said, “I’m going to visit my uncle next
month.” Marty said that ______. 7. Lara said, “I get on with my parents
really fine.” Lara said that ______. 8. Gloria explained, “I can’t come to
the party because I’m going away for the weekend.” Gloria explained that
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______. 9. Mark said, “My friend found a new job in the music business.”
Mark said that ______. 10. Judy complained, “I have already written this
essay four times.” Judy complained that ______. 11. Peter announced,
“I will not give up until this factory is shut down.” Peter announced that
______. 12. Her boyfriend told her,” You have bought a wonderful dress.”
Her boyfriend told her that ______. 13. Paul said, “I don’t like my new
flat.” Paul said that ______. 14. My father told Ben, “I am sure I saw you
here last week. My father told Ben that ______. 15. Betty said, “If I knew
the answer, I would tell you.” Betty said that ______. 16. Jasper said,
“You can borrow the book for a few days.” Jasper said that ______.
17. Johnny admitted, “I haven’t brushed my teeth yet.” Johnny admitted
that ______. 18. John explained, “I am starting work for a new company
next week. John explained that ______. 19. Mr Jackson said, “I wouldn’t
go there if I were you.” Mr Jackson advised me ______. 20. The teacher
said, “Sardinia is an island that belongs to Italy.” The teacher explained
that ______.
10. Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verb in
brackets.
1. Stewart said he ______ (not/want) any dessert as he was full.
2. Derek said that he and Belinda ______ (see) Adam recently. 3. When
I called, Susie said she ______ (give) the dog a bath so she asked me to
phone back in half an hour. 4. Marcus said he ______ (try) to find a flat for
ages before he finally found one he liked. 5. Debbie says she ______ (decide) to quit her job but I don’t believe her. 6. Our English teacher said that
Shakespeare ______ (be) probably the greatest writer in the English language ever. 7. Richard said he and Patricia ______ (be going to) invite her
parents for the weekend, but I don’t know if they went or not. 8. Charlotte
said last night that she really ______ (love) me, even if she doesn’t always
show it. 9. Ollie said to Linda that he ______ (ask) me to be his best man
on Monday but in fact he asked Grant. 10. Pete told Francis he ______
(bring up) by his grandparents but in fact he hadn’t at all.
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GRAMMAR IN THEORY.
REPORTED SPEECH:
QUESTIONS, IMPERATIVES, SUGGESTIONS, EXCLAMATIONS
The rules set out above also apply to questions, imperatives, suggestions and exclamations. In addition, the final punctuation mark (question
mark or exclamation point) should be changed to a full stop (period) in an
indirect statement. The word order has to be changed. When converting
a direct question to reported, the subject and verb often have to be changed.
1. Change of Questions.
Word order changes into that of a statement in both special and general questions in reported speech. A question word stays as conjunction in
the reported special question. It is necessary to introduce the conjunction if
or whether in the reported general question. Remember that you should
make up a complex sentence consisting of the main clause and the sub-
ordinate clause with a conjunction.
Follow the steps:
1) use the correct reporting verb in the main clause (ask, wonder,
want to know, etc.);
2) use the relevant conjunction (if/whether, what, how, when, where,
why, etc.);
3) use the right word order in the subordinate clause;
4) change the verb tense in the subordinate clause;
5) change pronouns if necessary;
6) change adverbs of place and time if necessary;
7) use correct punctuation in the reported sentence.
Examples:
• He asked me, “Do you find law interesting?” → He asked (me) if I
found law interesting.
• The police officer said to us, “Where are you going tonight?” →
The police officer asked (us) where we were going that night.
• Clare said, “What time will the banks close here tomorrow?” →
Clare wanted to know what time the banks would close there the next day.
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2. Change of Imperatives.
Indirect commands, requests, advice in reported speech are usually
expressed by a verb of command/request/advice + object + to + infini-
tive. Examples:
• Direct command: He said, “Lie down, Tom.”
• Indirect command: He told Tom to lie down.
A. The following verbs can be used: advise, allow, ask, beg, command,
demand, request, order, remind, tell, warn, etc., for example: He said, “Get
your coat, Tom!”
→
He advised Tom to get his coat.
B. Negative commands, requests etc. are usually reported by not
+ to + infinitive, for example: “Don’t swim out too far, boys”, I said. →
I warned the boys not to swim out too far.
3. Change of Offers and Suggestions.
A. Offers: “Shall I bring you some tea?” could be reported → He
offered to bring me some tea.
B. Suggestions: “Shall we meet at the theatre? could be reported →
He suggested meeting at the theatre.
4. Change of Exclamations.
Exclamations usually become statements in reported speech. The exclamation mark disappears, for example: Direct speech: She said, “Such
acts of aggression should not be tolerated by the international community!” Reported speech: The Ambassador declared that such acts of aggres-
sion should not be tolerated by the international community.
A. Exclamations beginning What (a) ... or How ... can be reported by:
• exclaim/say that, for example: He said, “What a dreadful idea!”
or “How dreadful!”
→
He exclaimed that it was a dreadful idea/was
dreadful.
• give an exclamation of delight/disgust/horror/relief/surprise, etc,
for example: “How beautiful is this furniture! I really like it!”, she ex-
claimed. → She gave an exclamation of delight looking at that furniture.
B. If the exclamation is followed by an action we can use the construction with an exclamation of delight/disgust, etc + he/she, etc. + verb,
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for example: “Stop that terrible dog!” → With an exclamation of disgust,
he stopped the dog’s barking.
C. Other types of exclamation such as Good! Marvelous! Splendid!
Heavens! Oh! Ugh! etc. can be reported in the same way, for example:
• “Good!” he exclaimed. → He gave an exclamation of pleasure/
satisfaction.
• “Ugh!” she exclaimed, and turned the program off. → With an ex-
clamation of disgust, she turned the program off.
D. Note also!
• He said, “Thank you!” → He thanked me.
• He said, “Good luck!” → He wished me luck.
• He said, “Happy Christmas!” → He wished me a happy Christmas.
• He said, “Congratulations!” → He congratulated me.
• He said, “Liar!” → He called me a liar.
• He said, “Damn!” etc. → He swore.
• The notice said: Welcome to Wales! → The notice welcomed visi-
tors to Wales.
5. Reported Speech: Mixed Types.
Direct speech may consist of statement + question, question + command, command + statement, or all three together. Normally each re-
quires its own introductory verb. Examples:
• “I don’t know the way. Do you?” he asked. → He said he didn’t
know the way and asked her if she did/if she knew it.
• He said, “Someone is coming. Get behind the screen.” → He said
that someone was coming and told me to get behind the screen.
GRAMMAR IN PRACTICE
11. Rewrite as reported questions beginning with the given words.
1. “Have you had your ear pierced?” My mum asked me if ______.
2. “Can I meet you there at six o’clock tonight, Doug?” Julian wanted to
know whether ______. 3. “Are you still moving to Blackpool next week?”
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Fiona asked Rod and Jenny ______. 4. “Does Graham have to wear a suit
to work?” I asked Mrs Graham ______. 5. “Do you want someone to feed
your cat while you’re away?” Jan asked me ______. 6. “Can you guess what
I’ve given Lindsay for her birthday?” Daisy asked Wendy ______. 7. “Do
you love me or not, Gloria?” Fred asked Gloria ______. 8. “Will Simon be
coming to the party tomorrow night?” Adrian wondered ______. 9. “Have
you been at the university so long?” Dad asked me ______. 10. “Can I take
a photo?” He wondered ______. 11. “Will you go to the concert next
week?” He wanted to know ______. 12. “Did he lend you the money?”
Mother asked me ______. 13. “Does the earth move around the sun?”
I was wondering ______. 14. Should we include this question in the agenda? Several Committee members asked ______. 15. “Can you stay at my
place over the weekend?” Robert asked me ______.
12. Make reported questions from the sentences below beginning
with the given words.
1. The policeman asked me, “What were you wearing last Sunday?”
The policeman asked me ______. 2. Joanne asked me, "Where did you buy
that dress?" Joanne asked me ______. 3. I wanted to know, "Where is the
IT department?" I wanted to know ______. 4. Denny asked me, "When are
you leaving?" Denny asked me ______. 5. Linda asked her teacher, "When
will you give us the results?" Linda asked her teacher ______. 6. Mom
asked her, "How often do you look at your phone?" Mom wanted to know
______. 7. Ashley asked me, "Who are you going to the ball with?" Ashley asked me ______. 8. He asked me, "How many people have you invited to the party?" He wanted to know ______. 9. John asked him, "Where
should we put the new equipment?" John asked him ______. 10. He asked
me, “Where have you been, Tom?” He asked me ______. 11. Mom wanted
to know, "When will you start behaving?" Mom wanted to know ______.
12. The teacher asked, “Who were they travelling with yesterday?” The
teacher asked ______. 13. Mary wanted to know, " What have you done
with your hair?" Mary wanted to know ______. 14. They wanted to know,
“Why weren’t we allowed to park here last month?” They wanted to know
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______. 15. The people asked, “Where would he go if he had the money.”
The people asked ______.
13*. Rewrite as direct questions.
1. She asked me why I was thinking of quitting the gym. 2. He asked
her what the difference was between a refugee and an asylum seeker.
3. They asked us how we had got on with Peter three days before. 4. I asked
them when they had last been on holiday. 5. She asked him which of them
he preferred. 6. I asked you how you were going to get to Manchester tomorrow. 7. Carl asked Megan who she had been out with the weekend before. 8. Megan asked Carl what gave him the right to ask questions like that.
14*. Complete the sentences by using the correct form of the verbs
from the list: agree, apologize, ask, claim, deny, order, refuse, state, sug-
gest, tell.
1. If you want ______ me a question, put your hand up. 2. I ______
very clearly several times already that this government is not blackmailed
by terrorists. 3. The general ______ the soldiers to retreat, which they did
as quickly as they could! 4. Isabelle, ______ that story about the giraffe.
I love that story! 5. Glenda still ______ to me for losing my CD player.
6. If you ______ to cooperate with the police, you would have been in big
trouble! 7. I’d like ______ waiting a few more days before we make a final
decision. 8. The politician ______ having done anything wrong, despite
the evidence against him. 9. I ______ to help you with your homework,
not do it all for you! 10. Some thieves ______ to be electricity meter readers so they can gain access to people’s houses.
15. Make reported commands from the sentences below.
1. The teacher said, “You can’t leave the room!” The teacher ordered
us ______. 2. Mom told me, "Don’t spend too much money on clothes".
Mom warned me ______. 3. I said to her, "Speak more slowly!" I told her
______. 4. The doctor said, "You mustn’t eat any sweets." The doctor forbade me ______. 5. Don said, "I won’t tell anyone." Don promised ______.
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6. Anna said, "I won’t help you." Anna refused ______. 7. Jake said, "You
should see a doctor." Jake advised me ______. 8. I said to the teacher,
"Please don’t give us any homework." I begged the teacher ______. 9.
I told him, "I will punish you if you don’t behave!" I threatened ______.
10. He told me, "Buy some food on your way back." He reminded me ______.
11. The guide said, "Stay away from the edge of the cliff!" The guide told
us ______. 12. I said, "Let me carry your groceries." I offered ______.
13. My mother said, "Get out of bed at once!" My mothered ordered me
______. 14. Dad said, "Let’s go to the park!" Dad suggested ______.
16. Change the questions and imperatives to reported speech.
1. The boy asked the tour guide, “Where is the main tourist office?”
The boy asked the tour guide ______. 2. The police officer said, “Get out
of the car!” The police officer ordered the boys ______. 3. The woman
asked,” How long have you worked as a tour guide?” The woman wanted
to know ______. 4. He said, “Come to me! He told me ______. 5. I asked
the waiter,” When is dinner served?” I asked the waiter ______. 6. The old
lady asked the policeman, “Is there a shopping center nearby?” The old la-
dy wanted to know ______. 7. Dad asked,” Did you find my glasses?” Dad
asked me ______. 8. He said to his son, “Don’t be afraid!” He told his son
______. 9. Dad advised us, “You should always wear a helmet when you
ride a bike!” Dad advised us ______. 10. The biologist wondered, “What
kind of marine animals are there in the park?” The biologist wondered
______. 11. The journalist asked, “Have you published any interesting sto-
ries yet?” The journalist wanted to know ______. 12. He said to her,
“I may not be able to meet you at the airport.” He told her he ______.
17*. Change the sentences to reported speech.
1. Keith told the immigration officer, “This is my first visit to the Unit-
ed States.” Keith told the immigration officer ______. 2. My friend said,
“I’m going to visit my parents next month.” My friend said ______. 3. The
tourist guide warned us, “Don’t drink tap water in this city.” The tourist
guide warned us ______. 4. He asked me, “Are you starting work on Mon-
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day?” He asked me ______. 5. Elisabeth to her brother: “Don’t read my
emails!” Elisabeth told her brother ______. 6. Jimmy complained, “I have
already written this invitation twice.” Jimmy complained ______. 7. The
policeman wondered, “Why didn’t you stop at the traffic lights?” The po-
liceman wondered ______. 8. My sister told me, “I saw you at the super-
market yesterday.” My sister told me ______. 9. The teacher said, “If
I knew the answer, I would tell you.” The teacher said ______. 10. My dad
said, “You have to study harder for the next test.” My dad said ______.
11. The girl asked the shop assistant, “Can you shorten this dress for me?”
The girl asked the shop assistant ______. 12. He asked, “Do you live near
the city, James?” He asked James ______. 13. The reporter asked, “Did you
see the accident?” The reporter asked ______. 14. I advised Mike, “You
should see a doctor”. I advised Mike ______. 15. The teacher told the stu-
dents, “Speak up if you want to say something!” The teacher told the stu-
dents ______. 16. I wanted to know, “Where are you going?” I wanted to
know ______. 17. Uncle David said, “Please take off your shoes when you
come in.” Uncle David told us ______. 18. Mom asked me, “Are you feeling well?” Mom asked me ______. 19. The teacher said, “Turn the music
down!” The teacher ordered us ______. 20. The policeman ordered, “Move
your car out of the way!” The policeman ordered us ______. 21. He asked
me, “Can you come to the meeting tomorrow?” He asked me ______.
22. The manager said to Cathy, “Please stand up!” The manager asked Cathy
______. 23. Jerry asked me,” Did you see that car over there?” Jerry asked
me ______.
DEVELOPING LANGUAGE SKILLS
Reading 1
18. Read Text 1А and choose the main features of the UK court
system.
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TEXT 1 A. Court System in Great Britain
The judiciary branch of power in Britain is headed by a monarch and
is rather complex, partially because of the lack of real written constitution.
The United Kingdom does not have a unified judicial system — England
and Wales have one system, Scotland another, and Northern Ireland a third.
The Courts of England and Wales are the civil and criminal courts responsible for the administration of justice. They are constituted and governed
by the Law of England and are subordinate to the Parliament of the United
Kingdom. Although England and Wales have one system while Scotland
and Northern Ireland have another, the arrangement of courts across the
whole UK comprises of both criminal and civil cases.
Court System in England and Wales
The court system in England and Wales can be considered as consisting of 5 levels (see Fig. 1.2):
• The Supreme Court (formerly the House of Lords).
• Court of Appeal.
• High Court.
• Crown Court and County Courts.
• Magistrates’ Courts and Tribunals.
*Her Majesty’s Courts Service (HMCS) was an executive agency of
the Ministry of Justice (MoJ) and was responsible for the administration of
the civil, family and criminal courts in England and Wales. On 1 April 2011
it merged with the Tribunals Service to form Her Majesty's Courts and
Tribunals Service (from 8 September 2022 His Majesty's Courts and Tribunals Service).
The Supreme Court.
The House of Lords had long served as the highest court of appeal in
the UK, but its dual role as a legislative body and a court of law created
potential conflicts of interest and undermined the independence of the judiciary. The Supreme Court took over the judicial function of the House of
Lords and became the highest court in the UK in October 2009. Today the
Supreme Court is the highest appeal court in the English legal system. It
deals with all matters including appeals from Scottish and Northern Irish
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