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Файл:Практический английский язык для юристов = Practical English for Law Students. В 2 частях. Ч. 2. Учебное пособие
.pdf
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1.
murder
a.
buying and selling drugs illegally
2.
rape
b.
hurting a child physically, sexually, emotionally, and psycho logically
3.
arson
c.
the act of killing someone without any intention
4.
drug trafficking
d.
a sexual assault against a woman
without her consent
5.
fraud
e.
a physical attack against an individual
6.
burglary
f.
killing a person intentionally
7.
human trafficking
g.
accessing unauthorized data in a computer system
8.
genocide
h.
taking control over an aircraft or any vehicle
through force, usually for political reasons
9.
terrorism
i.
setting fire to a property
10.
white collar crime
j.
deceiving someone for personal or financial gain
11.
assault
k.
killing a large group of people
12.
hacking
l.
buying and selling products illegally
13.
hijacking
m.
transporting people illegally from one place
to another, mainly for slavery or prostitution
14.
child abuse
n.
spying to obtain political or military information
15.
manslaughter
o.
illegally entering a premises to commit a crime
16.
smuggling
p.
causing public disturbance
17.
espionage
r.
a physical assault that causes permanent damage
to a person
18.
riot
s.
betraying their own country
19.
treason
t.
violence against a country with political aims
20.
grievous hurt
u.
a crime is committed for mass gain by using
power and authority and not through violence
34. Guess what misdemeanor is implied in each sentence. Use the
words from the list: drunk driving, violations, identity theft, pick pocket-
ing, poaching, shoplifting, vandalism, looting, speeding, simple hurt, bribery, embezzlement, theft, deserter, stowaway, forgery, traffic mugging,
slander, hit and run, stalking.
1. Taking valuable things from another person’s pockets. 2. Taking
products from a shop without paying. 3. Breaking the traffic rules. 4. Dam-
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aging a house or a property intentionally. 5. Causing minor injuries to
a person. 6. Giving money or granting favors to do something against the
law. 7. Driving a vehicle after consumption of alcohol. 8. Stealing large
amounts of money that you are in charge of. 9. Fake documents, currency,
etc., to cheat others. 10. Hit a person accidentally and run from that place.
11. Using someone’s personal information for one’s own benefit. 12. Attacking someone to snatch valuable things. 13. Hunting illegally. 14. Damaging the good opinion of a person by speaking something not true. 15. Driving a vehicle beyond the legal speed limit. 16. Stealing something.
17. Leaving the armed forces without permission. 18. Travelling on a vehicle secretly without paying. 19. Following someone over a period of time
in an annoying way. 20. Stealing something during a war, a riot, a fire, etc.
35. Match types of criminals with their definitions. Use these crim-
inal terms in your own sentences.
1.
kidnapper
a.
He/she is a person who attacks someone
in a public place and steals from them
2.
cybercriminal
b.
He/she is a person who commits crimes
over the internet
3.
arsonist
c.
He/she is a person who intentionally kills someone
4.
robber
d.
He/she is a person who breaks into a home
or building without permission and steals from it
5.
smuggler
e.
He/she is a person who steals goods from a store
6.
mugger
f.
He/she is a person who lies or tricks others
to obtain money
7.
murderer
g.
He/she is a person who moves things out
of a country illegally
8.
shoplifter
h.
He/she is a person who sets fire
to a home or building
9.
fraudster
i.
He/she is a person who takes someone by force
and demands money for their safe return
10.
burglar
j.
He/she is a person who steals from a place using
threats or violence
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36. Decide what type of crime was committed in each case. Choose
from the list: arson, forgery, burglary, cybercrime, vandalism, fraud, kid-
napping, mugging, murder, robbery, hijacking, smuggling, shoplifting.
1. Two men attacked a jogger and stole his wallet and his watch.
2. A dentist killed his wife using poison. 3. Two men were caught trying to
bring illegal diamonds into the country. 4. A woman was caught trying to
buy a car with someone else’s credit card. 5. A student set fire to his school
after failing his exams. 6. The upstairs bedroom window was smashed and
the TV was taken, as well as the stereo, video recorder and $1700 in cash.
7. The young lady, age 21 from Paris, was caught with 3 t-shirts in her bag
which she hadn't paid for. She was immediately arrested. 8. Two teenage
bullies were sending threatening messages to a classmate on social media.
9. Two men forced the president’s son into a car and then demanded
$1 million for his safe return. 10. A man held a gun to a bank teller’s head
and told him to give him all the money in the safe. 11. Several cars were
damaged last night downtown, and graffiti was sprayed on the walls of the
Town Hall. 12. The pilot was knocked unconscious and the plane was taken over by four women who demanded political asylum in New Zealand.
13. The men were discovered in their home with a printing press and over
10,000 almost perfect copies of the new $10 bill.
37. Match types of criminals with their definitions.
1.
extortionist
a.
He/she is a person who breaks into a private
computer system to obtain information
2.
forger
b.
He/she is a person who intentionally destroys
or damages public or private property
3.
hacker
c.
He/she is a person who abuses or annoys
someone, causing them emotional
or physical suffering
4.
manslaughterer
d.
He/she is a person who threatens others in order
to obtain money
5.
vandal
e.
He/she is a person who sells, imports,
and transports illegal drugs
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6.
harasser
f.
He/she is a person who reproduces documents,
money, or signatures to deceive others
7.
drug trafficker
g.
He/she is a person who
physically attacks someone
8.
terrorist
h.
He/she is a person who uses threats and violence
to create fear
9.
embezzler
i.
He/she is a person who steals money that has
been put in their care
10.
assailant
j.
He/she is a person who kills someone
unintentionally or without having planned to do it
38. Complete each sentence with a type of the offender from ex-
ercise 37.
1. The ______ created realistic banknotes at home and tried to use
them to buy jewelry. 2. A ______ smashed all the windows of a parked
car. 3. The ______ attacked a man as he was leaving a pub, leaving him
with six broken ribs. 4. A ______ was charged with importing marijuana
and selling it in his local area. 5. The______ broke into a bank’s computer
system to access its clients’ private information. 6. The ______ threatened
the shop owners with violence unless they paid him. 7. The ______ was
driving home after drinking and killed a pedestrian. 8. The ______ kept
calling up a colleague and verbally abusing her, causing her mental distress. 9. The ______ illegally diverted money from the company’s accounts
for years. 10. The ______ carried out a series of bombings in the city, instilling fear in the hearts of its residents.
39. Complete Table 2.3. which contains word families for crimes,
criminals and their illegal acts. Sometimes more than one word may
be possible. Give definition of each criminal. The first one is done
for you.
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Table 2.3
Word Families for Crimes and Criminals
#
Noun
(criminal)
Noun
(crime)
Verb
(action)
Definition
1
arsonist
arson
commit arson
sets fire to other
people’s property
illegally
2
assassinate
3 burglary
4
drug dealer
5
forge
6
hijacker
7 kidnapping
8
murder
9 committing
an offence
10 pickpocketing
11
robber
12
shoplift
13 Spying/industrial
spying
14
terrorist
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#
Noun
(criminal)
Noun
(crime)
Verb
(action)
Definition
15
thieve
16 treachery
17
vandal
40. Complete each sentence using exercise 39.
Example: A forger is a person who commits forgery.
1. A traitor is a person who ______ his/her country. 2. A ______ is
a person who commits vandalism. 3. A murderer is a person who is involved in ______. 4. A ______ is an individual who specializes in burglary. 5. A ______ is a criminal who is guilty of kidnapping. 6. The ______
was charged with arson. 7. A drug dealer is someone who ______. 8. An
assassin is a person who commits ______. 9. An ______ is a person who
robs houses and banks. 10. A ______ secretly gets information about another country. 11. A shoplifter ______ goods from a shop while pretending
to be a customer. 12. A terrorist uses violence to ______ for political
reasons.
41*. Distribute the following crimes into Criminals Categories:
drug possession, identity theft, murder, kidnaping, spreading malware,
embezzlement, possession or distribution of child pornography, fraud,
assault, robbery, tax evasion, hacking, burglary, theft, online scams, rape,
insider trading, drug dealing, child molestation, drug trafficking, drug trafficking, violence, vandalism, arson, intimidation.
Criminals Categories.
1. Violent criminals: individuals who commit crimes that involve physical harm or force against others.
2. Property criminals: offenders who commit crimes against property.
3. White-collar criminals: typically associated with individuals in business or professional positions who engage in nonviolent, financially motivated crimes.
127
4. Cybercriminals: criminals who use computers and technology to
commit crimes.
5. Sex offenders: individuals convicted of sexual offenses.
6. Drug offenders: involved in the production, distribution, or sale of
illegal drugs.
7. Gang criminals: individuals affiliated with criminal gangs involved
in various criminal activities.
There are also: 8. Repeat offenders: criminals with a history of multiple offenses and encounters with law enforcement. 9. Organized crime members: involved in criminal organizations that operate for financial gain through
illegal activities. 10. Juvenile offenders: minors who commit crimes while
under the age of majority, typically subject to different legal processes and
systems.
42*. Fill in the gaps with the words from the list: guilty, falsified,
smuggled, sentenced, tried, innocent, arrested, mugged, break, vandalized, stole, robbed, trafficking, charged.
Richard Mann has been committing crimes since he was a boy. When
he was only 15, he 1. ______ telephone boxes and public toilets. As he
grew older, he 2. ______ old ladies in the street and stole their money. He
also 3. ______ banks, post offices and jewelry shops. On one occasion, he
4. ______ almost £20,000 from a post office. In his late twenties, he
5. ______ cigarettes and alcohol from one country to another. During his
only proper job in an office, he 6. ______ the accounts and pocketed thousands of pounds. He then started 7. _____ drugs. The police finally 8. _____
him last year. They 9. ______ him with almost thirty crimes. He was
10. ______ at a Crown Court. He said he was 11. ______, but the jury decided he was 12. ______. The judge 13. ______ him to 15 years in prison.
He won’t 14. ______ the law again for a long time.
Speaking 2
43. Discuss the following questions with your groupmates during
the round-table talk.
128
1. What do you think is the worst crime a person could commit?
2. What are some acts that are legal but you personally think should be illegal or vice versa? 3. What kinds of crimes do you think can be prevented? How? For example, how can stores stop shoplifters? 4. Why do you
think people steal things? 5. If a person steals a loaf of bread because he
needs to feed his starving family, should he be punished? 6. What would
you do if you heard a burglar in your house? 7. What do you think is the
main cause of vandalism? Do you think graffiti is vandalism or art? 8. Do
you consider piracy to be a crime? Is it possible to get rid of piracy? Why
or why not? 9. How do you feel about drunk driving? Do you agree with
zero alcohol tolerance for drivers? What is the proper punishment for someone who drinks alcohol and drives? 10. Do you think abortion is a crime?
Why or why not? 11. Do you think prostitution is a crime? Why or why
not? 12. Do rich people get away with crimes? Is the system unfair? Why
or why not?
44*. Discuss the following cases of crime with your partner and
then identify the criminal liability of the parties. How would you deal
with these cases and identify the relevant offences and offenders if you
were the lawyer, prosecutor, or judge?
• Use the ‘who has done what to whom?’ approach as it is much
easier to identify the offences and offenders.
• Use the phases for discussion from the list below:
The problem is…; I really think…; Yes, but…; Hang on…; To be
completely honest…; The worst thing is …; On the whole…; Eventually…;
The point I’m trying to make is…; Strangely enough…; If you ask me…;
Imagine…; In fact…; The thing is…; Actually…; I see what you mean,
but…; Basically…; All in all…; In my humble opinion…; What I don’t understand is…
Case 1. Matt is short of money and hopes to borrow £500 from his
brother, Luke. In order to get into Luke’s good books, Matt decides to take
him a bottle of whisky that he plans to steal from the local supermarket.
Once inside the supermarket, Matt loses his nerve and leaves without go-
129
ing near the alcohol aisle. Instead, he goes into a department store and uses
his credit card to buy Luke an expensive sweater, knowing that he is over
his credit limit. Luke is thrilled with the sweater but refuses to lend Matt
any money. Matt punches Luke in the face causing a cut which requires
stitches. Luke sets fire to the sweater and leaves it burning on Matt’s doorstep the following day. Identify and discuss the criminal liability of the
parties.
Case 2. Sam is working out the back of Moonbucks, a popular coffee
shop, when his his ex-wife Linda comes in with her new boyfriend Jim.
Sam harbors a lot of hatred towards Linda since he caught her cheating on
him with another man, whereupon she ended their marriage. Sam knows
that Linda suffers from a heart condition that means she is entirely intolerant to caffeine, the consumption of which could prove fatal. Sam tells Jane,
a fellow barista, that the decaf machine has broken so he has put the decaf
beans into the main machine. This is untrue and subsequently the coffee
the Jane pours is actually a caffeinated coffee. Linda drinks this and suffers a fatal heart attack and dies. Identify and discuss the criminal liability
of the parties. the liability of the parties.
Case 3. James and Niall go over to Niall’s ex-girlfriend, Sophie’s
house. Sophie is Harry’s sister and Harry is good friends with Niall. Unbe-
known to James, Niall has been to visit Harry and asked him to lend him
his key for Sophie’s house as he needs to collect some things he left over
there before they broke up. Harry believes that Niall actually wants the key
so he can steal from Sophie but nonetheless obliges and hands it over. When
they arrive at the house Sophie won’t come down to speak with them. The
bedroom light is on and the boys can hear voices. James tells Niall to go
inside and sort out whoever it is that has his hands on Sophie. He goes into
his pocket and pulls out a knife, handing it to Niall saying “that’ll help”.
Niall then bangs on the door one last time before unlocking it and going
upstairs. He stabs Sophie’s boyfriend in the arm causing severe bleeding.
Identify and discuss the criminal liability of the parties. the liability of the
parties.
130
45. Describe a crime: Have you ever seen a crime or even been
the victim or perpetrator? Recall or imagine that you were involved in
a crime.
During your speech you should answer the questions: When was
it? What crime was it? Why did you get involved? How did you feel?
Here is a sample monologue.
The Crime I Was Involved
Introduction. Even though the vast majority of us do not intend to
commit a crime, we may occasionally find ourselves involved in illegal activities, either purposefully or mistakenly.
When was it? Here, I’d like to tell you about a time when I did some-
thing wrong and was punished for it. I remember very well that I was almost seventeen. Most teenagers my age would really like to learn how to
drive. I asked my dad many times to teach me how to drive a car, but he always said no and told me not to try until I was 18 because it was against
the law. I always thought about and dreamed about driving a car at full
speed and drifting it.
What crime was it? One day, I found myself to be the only person
at home by myself. The opportunity presented itself, and I decided to make
the most of it by inviting one of my friends to my place. Together, we decided to take the main road just to see what it was like. My friend was sitting next to me while I was driving it comfortably, and all of a sudden,
a traffic police officer stopped us at an intersection for overspeeding. When
he enquired about the driving license, we went into shock.
Why did you get involved? Since neither of us was of legal age to
drive, the officer had no choice but to place us under arrest after informing
us that driving without a license is a serious offence. As soon as my father
heard the news, he immediately drove to the nearest police station, where
he pleaded with an officer to let him and a friend of mine go free. Even
though we gave the officer our word that it would not happen again, my
father was still required to pay a pretty large fine of 200$.
How did you feel? However, at that moment, my father was very
angry at me for disobeying him. But I managed to apologize to him and let
him know that I felt sorry from the bottom of my heart.
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