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Файл:Практический английский язык для юристов = Practical English for Law Students. В 2 частях. Ч. 2. Учебное пособие
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the rest of humanity than lasting confinement. Do you agree or disagree?
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
5. Some people who have been in prison become good citizens later.
Some people think that having these people to give a talk to school students is the best way to tell them about dangers of committing a crime. To
what extent do you agree or disagree? Discuss both these views and give
your own opinion.
OPTIONAL ASSIGNMENTS
65. Grammar Revision. Fill in the blanks with the best option to
express ability.
1. You ______ finish your work in such short time. I don’t believe
you have done it. There is something wrong here.
a) can’t b) were not able to c) couldn’t
2. I’m sure that Peter ______ explain the solution of the problem
when he comes.
a) can b) could c) will be able to
3. Betty is learning to play the piano for the third year, but she ______
already play pretty well.
a) is able to b) can c) could
4. Anyone ______ make a mistake. (An English proverb)
a) can b) could c) is able to
5. The teenager looked small and weak, but he ______ carry the baby
out of the fire
a) managed to b) could c) can
6. Andrew ______ (usually) work quickly, but now he feels bad and
______ do anything at all.
a) can, couldn’t b) can, is not able to c) is able to, can’t
7. We ______ readily rearrange the constituents of the system. It
is easy.
a) can b) are able to c) could
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8. We ______ correct the program later on, we will have time.
a) could b) can c) will be able to
9. We ______ see the house because it was hidden behind the trees,
but we thought it was the one we were looking for.
a) can’t b) couldn’t c) were not able
10. Any blind man ______ see it. (An English proverb)
a) could b) is able to c) can
66. Grammar Revision. Choose the correct modal verb in each
sentence.
1. Can/May I take you to the movies? 2. Can/May you explain this
magic trick to me? 3. Can/May offer you coffee? 4. Will/Shall we have to
pay a cover charge to get into this club? 5. Will/Shall we go the beach if
it’s still sunny? 6. Can/May you give me directions to Paul’s house? 7. Will/
Shall they let us use the swimming pool? 8. Let’s dance, can/shall we?
9. It’s raining, and you may/might not play outside. 10. His father should/
may not believe him blindly. 11. Don’t send the e-mail out, because I might/
must change my mind. 12. Would/Should we leave the clothes to dry out-
side? 13. If they rehearsed more often, they may/would become a good rock
band. 14. He can/may play basketball really well, and he is a good student
as well. 15. No one can/must play the drums better than John. 16. The hurricane should/could cause a lot of damage if it hits the coast. 17. They may/
must go hiking tomorrow if the weather is nice. 18. You could/should not
play with knives or guns.
67. Grammar Revision. Put in can’t, must, mustn’t or don’t/doesn’t
have to, needn’t to complete the sentences.
1. We have a lot of work tomorrow. You _____ be late. 2. You _____
tell anyone what I just told you. It’s a secret. 3. The museum is free. You
______ pay to get in. 4. Children ______ tell lies. It’s very naughty. 5. John’s
a millionaire. He ______ go to work. 6. I ______ do my washing, because
my mother does it for me. 7. We ______ rush. We’ve got plenty of time.
8. He ______ be at work now, can he? It’s nearly midnight. 9. What a lot
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of lovely flowers you have! You ______ really like gardening. 10. David
______ drink a lot of coffee. He’s finished two packets already this week!
11. This ______ be Jamie’s coat. He’s very tall, and this is tiny. 12. Where’s
Lucy? She ______ be at the library, as she often goes there at this time.
13. This bill ______ be right! £50 for two cups of coffee! 14. You’ve already eaten enough for three people! You ______ still be hungry! 15. This
book ______ belong to the library. It’s certainly not mine. 16. You ______
to work this evening. I can do the tasks for you. 17. I ______ go to the hospital to see him. He’s in pretty bad shape. 18. Passengers ______ open the
door when the train is moving. 19. You ______ cross the street without looking. It’s dangerous. 20. We’ve got plenty of time. We ______ hurry.
68. Grammar Revision. Choose the most appropriate answer to
express the idea specified in parentheses.
1. You ______ go there with me. I can handle it; it's not difficult.
(Absence of necessity)
a) may not b) must not c) don’t have to
2. ______ bring me a glass of cold water? (Request)
a) Could you
b) Can’t you c) Why don’t
you
3. I ______ give you a lift to the station. My car broke down yesterday. (Ability)
a) should not b) may not c) can’t
4. Try calling him in the evening. He ______ home by eight. (Wish,
positive probability)
a) must be b) should be c) will be
5. I don’t know what to do. — You ______ your father for advice.
(Suggestion)
a) are able
to ask
b) could ask
c) have to ask
6. He didn’t go to the park with us yesterday because he ______ write
a report. (Necessity)
a) should b) must c) had to
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7. It’s 10:00 a.m. He ______ in the office now. (Strong probability)
a) must be b) may be c) might be
8. Let’s watch the film about meteorites on Channel 6. It ______ interesting. (Wish, positive probability)
a) should be b) could be c) would be
9. I don’t believe it. It ______ be true. (Impossibility)
a) can’t b) mustn’t c) wouldn’t
10. I don’t know how to help you. Try asking Julian for help. He _____
be able to find a solution. (Possibility)
a) has to b) might c) will
11. I ______ play tennis every day when I was younger. (Repeated
action in the past)
a) was able to b) used to c) could
12. You want to call them now? It's already after midnight! They _____
be sleeping. (Strong probability)
a) should b) may c) must
13. You don’t look well. You ______ see a doctor. (Advice)
a) could b) need to c) should
14. They live in a very big house. They ______ rich. (Strong
probability)
a) must be b) are c) may be
15. Whose book is this? — I am not sure. It ______ be Ann’s.
(Possibility)
a) might b) must c) may
16. You ______ leave work at 3:30 today. (Permission)
a) can b) could c) might
17. Though he was ill and weak, he ______ get out of the burning
building. (Ability)
a) could b) should c) was able to
18. The windows look clean. You ______ wash them. (Absence of
necessity)
a) can’t b) don’t have to c) are not to
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19. You ______ disturb him during his work! (Prohibition)
a) could not b) don’t have to c) must not
20. Whose car is this? – It ______ be Anton’s. I think I saw him driving a red car like this one. (Strong probability)
a) might b) must c) would
69. Grammar Revision. Complete the following sentences with
the most appropriate modal verb from the list: can, could, must,
mustn’t, should, shouldn’t, have to, don’t have to, ought to, ought not to,
were able to.
1. The advice from the health committee is that all people with symptoms ______ go to the doctor. 2. This is a non-smoking area, you ______
smoke here. 3. I hate big multinational companies. I think they ______ pay
more taxes. 4. When she was 4 years old, she ______ read perfectly well.
5. I ______ get up early tomorrow I want to go running very early. 6. You
______ eat so many sweets. They are bad for you. 7. We ______ wear a tie
at work. I hate it! 8. The board agreed that employers ______ have access
to an employee's medical file. 9. There was a lot of traffic, but fortunately
we ______ arrive on time. 10. I’m not working tomorrow, so I ______ get
up early.
70. Vocabulary Revision. Match the columns to make word combinations. Write your own sentences with these word combinations.
1.
be carried
a.
somebody from repeating
2.
result
b.
on the severity of the offence
3.
people who
c.
out lawfully
4.
depend
d.
upon an offender
5.
deter
e.
with an opportunity
6.
intended
f.
are in contempt of court
7.
be based
g.
for any damage
8.
inflict
h.
in injury or damage
9.
compensate
i.
at discouraging
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10.
provide smb
j.
on the severity of the offence
11.
be aimed
k.
for serious offences
71. Vocabulary Revision. Complete the sentences with the words
from the list: crime, sentence, victim, guilty, accused, witness, evidence,
suspect, property, crime scene
1. He was given a five-year ______ for the robbery. 2. The defendant
is the person in court ______ of committing the crime. 3. The prosecutor
decided to ______ the suspect with theft. 4. The defendant was found ______
of embezzlement. 5. The police had to arrest Correct the ______ after gathering evidence. 6. Despite the strong ______, the defendant was acquitted
of all charges. 7. The police found the suspect's fingerprints at the ______.
8. The officers obtained a warrant to search the suspect's ______. 9. The
suspect denied any involvement in the ______. 10. The ______ was asked
to recount the events of that fateful night. 11. The ______ of the assault
bravely testified in court.
72. Vocabulary Revision. Complete the gaps with the crime and
punishment vocabulary: arrested, charged, convict, guilty, innocent, judge
(2), prosecute, sentence, suspect, testify, trial, verdict, victim, witness.
1. The ______ said that he saw the red car hit the blue car and then
drive away from the accident. 2. Police are looking for a young man who
attacked a person on the subway yesterday. The ______ was released from
hospital this morning. 3. The suspect said that he was ______. However, in
court, the jury decided that he was______ so, the ______ gave the verdict
and the defendant was sent to jail. 4. The ______ gave the killer a 35-year
______. 5. A young woman was caught stealing cigarettes from a shop last
night. The police came and ______ her a short time later. 6. We're all very
nervous to see whether Jim has to go to prison. We're waiting to hear the
______ tomorrow. 7. You see that tall man over there, wearing the black
suit. He's the ______ whom the police have brought in for questioning.
8. The authorities have decided not to ______ the suspect because there
isn’t enough evidence. 9. Pamela is finding it hard to get a job. Probably,
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it's because she's an ex______. 10. If you go to court to ______ it's very
important to tell the truth. Lying in court is a serious offence. 11. Mikhail
has been ______ with drunk driving. His trial is next week.
ASSIGNMENTS FOR SELF-EVALUATION
Module 3
1. Grammar. Complete the sentences (1–10) by choosing the best
options (a, b, c).
1. The judge said that the witness ______ as soon as possible.
a. would interview
b. would be interviewed
с. will be interviewed
2. They believed that the judge ______ out his duty honestly during
the last trial.
a. had carried
b. carried
c. has carried
3. The professor explained that the Earth ______ around the Sun.
a. is revolving
b. was revolving
c. resolved
4. My colleague ______ that she was going to find evidence using
the defendant’s fingerprints.
a. said to me
b. said me
c. told me
5. The final decision will be made after everyone ______ their
suggestions.
a. expressed
b. had expressed
c. has expressed
6. He wanted to know ______ the defendant ______ custodial sentence or the death penalty.
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a. weather/would be given
b. whether/would be given
c. whether/will be given
7. The prosecutor showed the jury how the crime ______ by Feldman, but he didn’t convince them that Feldman was guilty.
a. could have been committed
b. could be committed
c. was committed
8. He said that his friend had had an accident the ______.
a. next week
b. previous week
c. last week
9. We were warned ______ the peace during the protest march.
a. to not breach
b. not to breach
c. don’t breach
10. The public was informed that the defendant ______ guilty and imprisoned in accordance with the law.
a. has been found
b. was found
c. had been found
2. Vocabulary. Fill in the gaps (1–10) by choosing the best option
(a, b, c).
Incapacitation is a crucial concept in the criminal justice system, aimed
at 1. ______ crime by removing or isolating individuals who pose a threat
to society. The theory of incapacitation assumes that the state has a duty to
protect the public from future wrongs or harms, and that such protection
can be afforded through some form of 2. _____ or incapacitation. It 3. _____
future crime by disabling or 4. ______ the offender's liberty, their movements or ability to commit a further wrong. The most extreme form of incapacitating punishment is the 5. ______, but there are several other forms
including imprisonment, curfews, house arrest, electronic monitoring and
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disqualification from driving for drunken drivers. Incapacitating 6. ______,
however, has been subject to serious criticism, on both moral and empirical grounds. One major concern is that incapacitating sentences effectively
7. ______ individuals for crimes not yet committed. An inherent risk with
incapacitation is that some individuals who committed 8. ______, and are
thus incarcerated or incapacitated, would not have gone on to (re)offend. It
is a complex issue with both benefits and challenges. While incapacitation
can provide 9. ______ to the public and reduce crime rates, it also raises
ethical concerns and challenges related to overcrowding and cost. As a society, we must balance the need for public protection with the need for
10. ______ and fairness.
No
A B C
1.
upholding
reducing
improving
2.
fine
incarceration
community service
3.
prevents
discharges
proves
4.
increasing
enlarging
restricting
5.
civil penalty
forfeiture of property
death penalty
6.
sentencing
accusing
rewarding
7.
approve
punish
encourage
8.
a crime
a wrong
an offence
9.
risk
threat
protection
10.
probation
rehabilitation
restoration
3. Reading. Read the text and decide if the statements below are
true of false.
What Could Help Reduce Criminal Activities in Society?
The prevalence of crime is a major social issue that needs to be addressed promptly. After all, neglecting crime incidents can lead to more
deaths and unanswered questions about individuals who have become involved in criminal activities. There are so many kinds of criminal activities
that it has become more difficult to track and trace each of them to pinpoint the right suspects and criminals. Every day, the news covers stories
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about theft, murder, kidnapping, and vandalism, which compromises a lot
of people’s well-being. As a result, many people have been rallying for improvements and enhancements in crime detection and prevention resources
that innovations in technology could accommodate. Instead of focusing
mostly on gadgets and devices such as cell phones, laptops, and computers, innovations in technology can also focus on inventions that would help
reduce criminal activities in society.
After all, focusing on enhancing preventive measures for criminal activities will make it easier for people to feel safer every day. The prevalence of crime in society is an issue that should not be disregarded. After
all, crimes can compromise people’s safety and lead to the development of
fear and stress in different communities. Every person has the right to feel
safe and secure as they move around the communities that they live in. However, people have become warier about crimes, especially since the prevalence of criminal activities has risen significantly.
True or false:
1. Ignoring crimes can lead to more victims and leave many ques-
tions unanswered.
2. The variety of criminal activities has made it increasingly chal-
lenging to monitor and trace each one effectively.
3. Innovations in technology have a limited effect on fighting against
criminal activity.
4. Improving strategies for crime prevention measures shouldn’t be
ignored.
5. In recent times, with the advent of new technologies people have
begun to feel much more safer than before.
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