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Unit 4.Modern Explorer Thor Heyerdahl 51
4.2 Listening
Ex. 14 Get acquainted with new words and some geographical and proper
names.
frost-bitten – ɨɛɦɨɪɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ
their strength was going – ɢɯ ɫɢɥɵ ɢɫɫɹɤɥɢ
the food was running short – ɩɢɳɚ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɥɚ ɤ ɤɨɧɰɭ
search party – ɩɨɢɫɤɨɜɚɹ ɩɚɪɬɢɹ
I am going outside and may be some time – ɹ ɜɵɣɞɭ ɢ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɡɚɞɟɪɠɭɫɶ
ɧɚ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ
The Terra Nova Norwegian
Cape Evans Edgar Evans
Australia Amundsen
the Antarctic Doctor E. Wilson
the Barrier Captain L. Oates
Lieutenant Bowers
Ex. 15 Listen to the text “Captain Robert Scott”.
Ex. 16 Answer the questions to the text.
1. What was Robert Scott?
2. What was his intention?
3. Was his journey successful?
4. What difficulties did R. Scott and his friend overcome?
5. Did anybody survive?
6. What did a search party find out?
Ex. 17 Retell the text.
4.3.1 Active Vocabulary
Ex. 18 Learn the words from your active vocabulary.
balsa – ɛɚɥɶɡɚ (ɞɟɪɟɜɨ)
to claim –ɡɚɹɜɥɹɬɶ
clue – ɤɥɸɱ
daring – ɫɦɟɥɵɣ
descendant – ɩɨɬɨɦɨɤ
explorer – ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ
feature – ɱɟɪɬɚ
4.3 Speech Pattern
52 Section 2:Marine Voyages
grave – ɦɨɝɢɥɚ
hemisphere – ɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɟ
hunt –ɩɨɢɫɤ
intact – ɧɟɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɣ, ɧɟɜɪɟɞɢɦɵɣ
to involve –ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ
to lead excavation work – ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɤɨɩɤɢ
mound – ɧɚɫɵɩɶ, ɤɭɪɝɚɧ
pharaoh – ɮɚɪɚɨɧ
to plunder – ɝɪɚɛɢɬɶ
to prove – ɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ
raft – ɩɥɨɬ
ravage of time – ɪɚɡɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
to dig (dug, dug) – ɤɨɩɚɬɶ
to pursue – ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶ
replica – ɦɨɞɟɥɶ
to scratch – ɤɨɩɚɬɶ ɧɟɝɥɭɛɨɤɨ
vigour – ɫɢɥɚ, ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ
Ex. 19 Work with new words and expressions in the following way:
Student 1 – a word from the active vocabulary,
Student 2 – a phrase with the word,
Student 3 – a sentence with the phrase,
Student 4 – translation of the sentence.
Ex. 20 Make up your own sentences with new words.
4.3.2 The Text “Explorer Heyerdahl Hunts for Lost Civilization in Peru”
Ex. 21 Remind some proper and geographical names.
Thor Heyerdahl, Oslo, Norwegian, Kon Tiki, Peruvian, North-Western Peru,
Tucume, The Aftenposten Daily, the Pacific, South American, Egyptian pharaoh,
local Indian, Knut Haugland, Reuters, Italy, Egypt, Easter Island, Ra Two, Morocco, Barbados, Christopher Columbus.
Ex. 22 Read the text “Explorer Heyerdahl Hunts for Lost Civilization in
Peru”.
EXPLORER HEYERDAHL HUNTS FOR
LOST CIVILIZATION IN PERU
1. An interview
Oslo. Norwegian explorer Thor Heyerdahl, famous for his daring Kon Tiki
expedition, says he faces the most exciting project of his life in a hunt for clues to a
lost civilization which lies buried in a Peruvian city of pyramids.
Unit 4.Modern Explorer Thor Heyerdahl 53
Archaeologists working in NorthWestern Peru found that 26 mounds, previously thought to be natural features of the
landscape, were pyramids hidden by the ravages of time. The ancient city is called Tucume.
“This is the most exciting project I
have ever been involved in”, Heyerdahl told
The Aftenposten Daily in an interview. He
will lead excavation work there next spring,
in cooperation with Peruvian archaeologists.
“The whole town is probably intact underneath ... it has never been plundered by grave robbers.”
2. Hunting for old civilization
Heyerdahl has devoted much of his life to rewriting the history books on the
peoples of the southern hemisphere, claiming that they were much more civilized
than previously thought and that their culture was spread through sea travel.
In 1947, he crossed the Pacific on the balsa wood raft Kon Tiki to prove that
ancient South American peoples could have travelled to the Pacific islands and
populated them.
“A culture which is far older than that of the first Egyptian pharaoh must
have been the basis for the spread of civilization,” Heyerdahl said. “I hope Tucume
will be able to put us on the trail of that lost culture.”
Local Indian legends tell that Tucume, spread over a vast area of 220 hectares, was founded by descendants of a king who brought his people to the Peruvian
coast on balsa rafts. The pyramids are between 30 and 40 metres (97 and 130 feet)
high.
Knut Haugland, director of the Kon Tiki museum which houses the famous
raft in Oslo, told Reuters the museum would be working with Heyerdahl on the
project.
“Archaeologists started digging around one of the pyramids in 1986. They
found gold masks among other things, but we’ve only scratched the surface,” he
said.
“None of the other pyramids have been opened. We don’t know exactly how
old they are, but there must have been thousands of people living in that area. The
finds there will be of the greatest archaeological significance.”
3. The book on Kon Tiki
Heyerdahl, who now lives in Italy and is currently working in Egypt, said
the Tucume project would probably take several decades to complete. He was invited to take part while on a visit to Peru in 1986.
Although long past normal retirement age, Heyerdahl has pursued his career
of ethnology – the science of racial origins and characteristics – with vigour for
many decades.
54 Section 2:Marine Voyages
His book on Kon Tiki has sold more than 20 million copies, and two years
ago he visited Easter Island to try to find out more about its huge and mysterious
stone statues.
In 1970, he succeeded in sailing a replica of an Egyptian vessel, called Ra
Two, from Morocco to Barbados in an attempt to prove that the ancient Egyptians
could have reached the western hemisphere centuries before Christopher Columbus
in 1492.
4.3.3 Drilling
Ex. 23 Give short summary of the text in Russian.
Ex. 24 Give English equivalents to the following words and phrases:
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ, ɩɨɬɟɪɹɧɧɚɹ ɰɢɜɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ, ɛɚɥɶɡɨɜɨɟ ɞɟɪɟɜɨ, ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ
ɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ, ɛɚɥɶɡɨɜɵɣ ɩɥɨɬ, ɨɛɲɢɪɧɚɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ, ɡɨɥɨɬɵɟ ɦɚɫɤɢ, ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ
ɦɨɦɟɧɬ, ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɣ, ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɬɶ, ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɟ, ɩɟɪɟɫɟɱɶ
ɨɤɟɚɧ, ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ, ɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɫɭɞɧɨ, ɜɧɢɡɭ, ɪɚɡɝɪɚɛɢɬɶ, ɩɨɫɜɹɬɢɬɶ, ɞɪɟɜɧɢɣ ɝɨɪɨɞ, ɫɬɨɥɤɧɭɬɶɫɹ.
Ex. 25 Give Russian equivalents.
Exciting project, natural feature, through sea travel, to house, probably, archaeological significance, rewrite, ravages of time, the spread of civilization, vigour, mysterious stone statues, attempt, to lead excavation work, pharaoh, to put on
the trail, normal retirement age, racial origins, to sail, to reach.
Ex. 26 Add the sentences according to the information from the text.
1. Norwegian explorer … is famous for his daring Kon Tiki expedition.
2. The expedition hunted for … to a lost civilization.
3. Mounds thought to be … of landscape.
4. They occurred to be pyramids hidden by ….
5. Heyerdahl led … in cooperation with Peruvian archaeologists.
6. He crossed the Pacific on ….
7. Legends tell that Tucume was founded by … of a king.
8. Archaeologists started … around pyramids.
9. All pyramids and their finds are of the greatest ….
10. Ra Two is a … of an Egyptian vessel.
Ex. 27 Find in the text the nouns in the plural (See “Grammar”, G.2.2).
Ex. 28 Answer the questions to the text.
1. What was Thor Heyerdahl?
Unit 4.Modern Explorer Thor Heyerdahl 55
2. What was he interested in?
3. Where did he hunt the lost civilization?
4. What kind of ship did he use while crossing the Pacific?
5. What did the expedition find out?
6. What was the culture and civilization Heyerdahl’s expedition opened?
7. What does local Indian legend tell?
8. Did the expedition open a new epoch in archaeology?
9. Where did Heyerdahl repeat his expedition in 1970?
10. Do you believe in existence of Ancient lost civilization? Give your arguments.
Ex.29 a) Discuss Thor Heyerdahl’s expeditions to Peru in pairs.
b) Imagine you are a member of this expedition. Tell your group–
mates you had to overcome while preparing to the trip.
Ex. 30 Retell the text.
4.4 Comprehension
Ex. 31 Fill in the blanks with suitable articles if necessary (See “Grammar”, G.1.1, G.1.2).
1. Don’t come near me. I’ve got … sore throat.
2. Olive oil costs 20 rubles per … liter.
3. … voyages to unknown places are quite exciting.
4. We have … nice apartment in … centre of … Paris.
5. I like standing on … deck in … warm weather.
6. It is … autumn. It rains all … day long.
7. The Ancient Greeks believed in … gods.
8. Would you give me … hot tea?
9. … president of … country is … first person in … state.
10. All students have … telephones nowadays.
Ex. 32 Choose the right variant (See “Grammar”, G.1.1, G.1.2).
1. … Great Britain is washed by … Atlantic Ocean.
a) – / The b) The / – c) The / The
2. It is evident that … people want … peace.
a) a / the b) the /– c) – / –
3. … music is the universal language of the world.
a) A b) The c) –
4. … Tudors is the king family.
a) The b) A c) –
5. Pushkin is … great Russian poet.
a) – b) the c) a
6. The Petrovs has … daughter and … son.
56 Section 2:Marine Voyages
a) a / a b) the / the c) – / –
7. … Titanic disaster happened in1912.
a) A b) – c) The
8. I am hungry. Give me … sandwich, please.
a) – b) the c) a
9. Boris played … tennis very well.
a) a b) – c) the
10. My English teacher brought me … good news. I passed test well.
a) a b) the c) –
Ex. 33 Fill in the table (See “Grammar”, G.2.2).
Model: man
…
child
…
shelf
…
tomato
…
key
…
office manager
…
men
games
…
feet
…
sisters-in-law
…
data
…
lorries
…
boxes
Ex. 34 Translate from Russian into English using the vocabulary from the
Unit.
1. Ɍɭɪ ɏɟɣɟɪɞɚɥ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɟɧ ɡɚ ɫɜɨɸ ɫɦɟɥɭɸ ɷɤɫɩɟɞɢɰɢɸ Ʉɨɧ Ɍɢɤɢ.
2. ɗɤɫɩɟɞɢɰɢɹ ɢɫɤɚɥɚ ɩɨɬɟɪɹɧɧɭɸ ɰɢɜɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɜ ɉɟɪɭ.
3. ɗɤɫɩɟɞɢɰɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɤɥɚ Ɍɢɯɢɣ Ɉɤɟɚɧ ɧɚ ɛɚɥɶɡɨɜɨɦ ɩɥɨɬɭ.
4. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥ ɪɚɫɤɨɩɤɢ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ ɩɟɪɭɚɧɫɤɢɦɢ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɚɦɢ.
5. ɗɤɫɩɟɞɢɰɢɹ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɥɚ ɩɢɪɚɦɢɞɵ ɜ ɤɭɪɝɚɧɟ.
6. Ⱥɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɥɢ ɡɨɥɨɬɵɟ ɦɚɫɤɢ ɜ ɩɢɪɚɦɢɞɟ.
Part 2. Basic Professional Course 57
PART 2. BASIC PROFESSIONAL COURSE
SECTION 3: TYPES OF TRANSPORTS
ȼ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɷɬɨɣ ɝɥɚɜɵ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɬɟɦɵ:
ɭɪɨɤ 5 – «ȼɨɞɧɵɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ», ɭɪɨɤ 6 – «Ⱦɨɪɨɠɧɵɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ», ɭɪɨɤ 7 –
«ȼɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ», ɭɪɨɤ 8 – «ɀɟɥɟɡɧɨɞɨɪɨɠɧɵɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ».
ȼɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ «Ƚɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɤɚ» ɩɪɟɞɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡɭɱɢɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ: ɢɦɹ
ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ, ɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ, ɦɟɫɬɨɢɦɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɧɚɪɟɱɢɟ.
UNIT 5. WATER TRANSPORT
1. Ƚɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɤɚ: ɢɦɹ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ (the Adjective).
2. Ⱥɭɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ: ɬɟɤɫɬ “The Bermuda Triangle”.
3. Ʌɟɤɫɢɤɚ: ɬɟɤɫɬ “History of Water Transport” ɢ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ.
4. Ʌɟɤɫɢɤɨ-ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɬɟɫɬ.
5.1 Grammar: the Adjective (See section “Grammar”, G.3)
Ex. 1 State the degrees of comparison and translate them (See “Grammar”,
G.3.1).
Most serious, worst, least, less important, best, most favourable, warmer,
farthest, most essential, greatest, more attentive, better, lighter, highest, darker,
worst, more difficult, younger, most interesting, furthest.
Ex. 2 Put the following adjectives in the comparative and the superlative
degrees (See “Grammar”, G.3.1).
Big, heavy, short, dirty, clean, near, bad, famous, little, good, expensive,
cheap, hot, important, beautiful, large, practical, early, happy, bright, dark, fresh,
quick, late, nice, rich, thin, thick, weak, easy, lazy, ugly, comfortable, far, difficult,
wonderful, popular, serious.
Ex. 3 Translate the sentences paying attention to the degrees of comparison
(See “Grammar”, G.3.1).
1. The Pacific Ocean is the greatest ocean in the world.
2. He is playing worse than usually.
3. The Supreme Court considers the most serious cases.
4. What is the highest legislative body in Great Britain?
5. Nothing is more pleasant than to sit in a comfortable chair and to read an inter-
esting book.
6. The Sun is bigger than the Earth.
7. They will get better results if they work hard.
8. February is the shortest month in the year.
9. This is the most interesting book I have ever read.
58 Section 3:Types of Transports
10. Your report was much more interesting than mine.
11. My briefcase is much heavier than yours.
12. It is much colder today than it was yesterday.
13. We should discuss the most important questions today.
14. This is the most beautiful building of our city.
15. Iron is more useful than all other metals.
16. His radio-set is more powerful than ours.
17. The Trans-Siberian railway is the longest in the world.
18. The Neva is wider and deeper than the Moskva River.
19. He is one of the best engineers of our plant.
20. This is the worst film I’ve even seen.
21. He is the least, but not the last.
22. He is the most experienced teacher of our school.
23. The latest news confirmed our worst expectations.
24. They got down to business without further delay.
25. The eldest brother was 20 years older than the youngest.
Ex. 4 Put the adjective in the suitable comparison degree. Translate the sentences (See “Grammar”, G.3.1).
1. My brother is much (young) than myself.
2. The first edition of the dictionary was good, the new one is still (good).
3. That was his (clever) step.
4. The sound grew (faint) and (faint).
5. The opera theatre is one of (beautiful) buildings in the city.
6. He always chooses (easy) way.
7. I don't like your behaviour; you ought to be (respectful).
8. Which is (high) mountain in the world?
9. David was (talented) of the two brothers.
10. I can't imagine (awkward) situation.
11. You have done me (great) service that man can do his fellow-being.
12. She is (kind) woman I have ever seen.
13. The situation was much (bad) than I had expected.
14. He is (courageous) man ever born.
15. It is (cold) here than anywhere else.
16. This is (good) poem ever written.
17. It was (complicated) problem than the one I had solved before.
18. It is known that the diamond is (hard) substance known.
19. Your brother is (capable) of our young engineers.
20. This is (bad) thing that can happen.
Ex. 5 Translate the sentences paying attention to the comparison constructions (as … as, not so … as, the … the), (See “Grammar”, G.3.2).
1. The problem is as serious as the others.
Unit 5. Water Transport 59
2. The conference was not so interesting as I had expected.
3. She is as beautiful as before.
4. This place is not so picturesque now as it used to be.
5. This problem is not so serious as you think.
6. The solution of this problem is twice as serious as they think.
7. It is as cold today as it was yesterday.
8. The temperature today is not so high as it was yesterday.
9. The better we study, the more we know.
10. The longer the night, the shorter the day.
11. The more we go into the thing, the more complex the matter becomes.
12. The more we know, the more we understand how little we know.
13. The less money you have, the less you spend it.
14. The question is not so easy as you imagine.
15. He is twice as old as my brother.
Ex. 6 Translate the following word-combinations (See “Grammar”, G.3):
Long-term educational program, the high quality optical fiber articles, internal combustion engine, current political events, modern automatic flight control
equipment, essential scientific research programme, life-long hobby, federal bureau of investigation, Electronic Research and Engineering Laboratory, a successful research program development, the most essential experimental results, high
frequency long wave radio station, heavy industry growth, light industry enterprises, the Moscow regional environmental protection Committee, foreign aid programs, scientific and technological progress rapid development.
Ex. 7 Form the adjectives with the help of the suffixes. Translate pairs of
words (See “Grammar”, G.3).
1) –able, –ible
to measure, to break, to read, to imagine, to control, to compare, to move, to wash,
access, comfort;
2) –al
season, continent, exception, condition, nation, education, nature, universe, practice, norm, fundament, profession, person, industry, physics;
3) –ant (–ent)
to depend, to differ, import(ance), emerg(ence), effici(ency);
4) –ful
law, harm, tact, success, thank, truth;
5) –ary, –ory
reaction, custom, to advise, to prohibit, explanat(ion), preparat(ion);
6) –ic (–ical)
hero, atmosphere, metal, base, climate, geography, academy;
7) –ive (–ative)
to create, to talk, to inform, to communicate, to protect, affect;
60 Section 3:Types of Transports
8) –less
hope, aim, limit, noise, colour, worth;
9) –ous (–ious, –uous)
advantage, mystery, disaster, humour, scandal, instant;
10) –y
health, storm, earth, noise, dream.
Ex. 8 State the adjectives and translate them (See “Grammar”, G.3).
Darkness, resistant, importance, freely, different, important, to organize,
backwards, rectorship, length, childhood, useful, kindly, to widen, active, resistance, comparative, dangerous, assistance, universal, principal, possibility, aimless,
anywhere, strength, attentive, characteristic, thankful, physician, to know, quality,
quantitative, chemist, mathematically, neighbourhood, various, considerable, numerous, reliable, effective, scientific, brotherhood, respective, productive, understandable, natural, physicist, useless, friendship, to realize, closed.
Ex. 9 Translate the following word-combinations (See “Grammar”, G.3):
Good-natured, kind-hearted, old-fashioned, light-minded, strong-willed, narrow-minded, blue-eyed, pale-faced, red-haired.
5.2 Listening
Ex. 10 Get acquainted with new words and some geographical names.
to vanish = to disappear
to spin – ɜɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ, ɤɪɭɠɢɬɶɫɹ
the Western Atlantic Ocean the Bermuda Triangle
Bermuda the US Navy
Florida Christmas holidays
Puerto Rico
Ex. 11 Listen to the text “The Bermuda Triangle”.
Ex. 12 Answer the questions to the text.
1. What was the weather like on the 5
th
of December, 1945?
2. How many officers were going to make a flight to Bermuda?
3. What was the duration of the flight they planned to make?
4. Why did one of the officers want to stay at the base?
5. Did the officer make their flight in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening
or at night?
6. What happened during the flight?
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