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Unit 3.The Titanic Tragedy 41
4. Two ships can … if it is deep fog.
5. The … of The Titanic were dancing and … when the ship … with a huge ….
6. At nights we … pajamas and ….
7. All ships are equipped with ….
8. The Pacific Ocean is calm and … in a good ….
9. It is … to swim … sharks.
_______________________________________________________________
Dangerous, tickets, passengers, smooth, deck, lifeboats, expensive, nearby, strike,
laughing, weather, cost, disaster, wear, nightgown, happened, iceberg.
3.3.2 The Text “The Titanic: an Interview”
Ex. 16 Remind some proper and geographical names.
The Titanic, the British, America, the USA, the Atlantic, The Californian.
Ex. 17 Read the following words, pay attention to the stress.
Interview, survivor, Titanic, understand, disaster, details, American, ticket,
because, passengers, everybody, remember, particular, iceberg, signals, nightgowns, enough, until.
Ex. 18 Read and translate the dialogue “The Titanic: an Interview” in
pairs, using comments to the dialogue.
THE TITANIC: AN INTERVIEW
Interviewer: I understand you were quite young in 1912 when the disaster hap-
pened. Do you remember the details of your trip?
Survivor: Oh yes, very vividly.
Interviewer: What sort of ship was The Titanic?
Survivor: It was built by the British and they called it “Titanic” because she
1
was the biggest ship the world had ever seen2. She was as tall as an
eleven-story building and almost four city blocks long!
Interviewer:Yes, she was 268 meters long, 55 meters high and had 9 decks. Her
cost was 400 million modern American dollars. Do you remember
how much your ticket cost?
Survivor: Well, I’m not sure, but the tickets were very, very expensive.
Interviewer: Even the cheapest tickets for the third-class passengers cost about 500
dollars. These people were going off to find a new home in America.
The trip to America offered them a chance of a new life. So, your fam ily was on the way to the USA. Why?
Survivor: My parents were traveling for fun. Everybody said The Titanic was
the biggest and the fastest ship in the world. She was also the safest
ship!
42 Section 2:Marine Voyages
Interviewer: When did the disaster happen?
Survivor: On the third day of the trip. It was the 14th of April, 1912.
Interviewer: Tell us what you remember about that day.
Survivor: The weather was good on that day. But it was cold and people stayed
inside. The sea was quite smooth. The Titanic was almost in the
middle of the Atlantic and she was going very fast. It was a dangerous
thing to do.
Interviewer: Why?
Survivor: Because of icebergs. There were lots of them in that particular part of
the Atlantic at that time of the year. It was very dark that night. Sud denly a huge iceberg appeared, almost directly in front of the ship. She
was trying to turn when she struck the iceberg.
Interviewer: There was another ship that was passing nearly, wasn’t there?
Survivor: Yes. The Californian.
Interviewer: Why didn’t The Californian try to take some passengers off?
Survivor: Ah, that’s the big mystery. They must have seen3 the eight white rock ets that were fired from The Titanic.
Interviewer: And SOS4 signals?
Survivor: Yes, exactly. It seems they thought they were having a party on board
The Titanic and were just firing the rockets in fun.
Interviewer:They say the Captain was sleeping in his cabin at the time, and so
The Californian just went on … What were you doing?
Survivor: We were sleeping. And then they told us to come out of our rooms.
Many people were wearing nightgowns and pajamas. Some people
were laughing and joking. The band was playing some cheerful music.
People still thought they were on a ship that couldn’t sink.
Interviewer: But what about the lifeboats? Why didn’t the passengers use the life
boats on The Titanic?
Survivor: Some did, but there weren’t enough lifeboats. There were 2,227
people on board and there were only enough lifeboats for 1,100 of
them. We were lucky to get in one of the first lifeboats.
Interviewer: And so you and your parents escaped, but 1,500 people were
drowned.
Survivor: Yes ... with a dance-band playing, by the way. It was playing music
until the last few seconds. They were trying to keep the passengers
calm.
Comments:
1. Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɬɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨ ɦɨɪɫɤɢɯ ɫɭɞɚɯ ɝɨɜɨɪɹɬ “she”
2. the world had ever seen – ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɤɨɝɞɚ-ɥɢɛɨ ɜɢɞɟɥ ɦɢɪ
3. they must have seen ... – oɧɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɢɞɟɬɶ
4. SOS (Save Our Souls) – ɫɩɚɫɢɬɟ ɧɚɲɢ ɞɭɲɢ (ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɩɪɨɫɶɛɵ ɨ
ɩɨɦɨɳɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɨɞɚɸɬ ɫɭɞɚ, ɬɟɪɩɹɳɢɟ ɛɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ)
Unit 3.The Titanic Tragedy 43
3.3.3 Drilling
Ex. 19 Find in the text sentences with the construction there + to be, state
their tenses and convert into any other tense forms (See “Grammar”, G.13).
Ex. 20 Transform the following sentences as shown in the model (See
“Grammar”, G.13).
Model: People were on the deck when the disaster happened.
There were people on the deck when the disaster happened.
1. The Titanic carried above 2 000 passengers.
2. Huge icebergs were all over round.
3. Not enough lifeboats were at passengers’ disposal.
4. The Californian passed nearby.
5. The Titanic fired eight white rockets into the air.
Ex. 21 Continue the sentences according to the information from the text.
1. The Titanic disaster happened on ….
2. She was the biggest ship the world ….
3. The cheapest tickets cost ….
4. The people went to America to find ….
5. The weather that day was ….
6. The night the disaster happened was ….
7. A huge iceberg appeared suddenly and almost directly ….
8. The Californian captain didn’t notice ….
9. Many people were sleeping that night, when the disaster happened they ….
10. Only some passengers escaped, but 1 500 people ….
11. There were enough ….
Ex. 22 Answer the questions to the text.
1. When did the disaster happen?
2. What sort of ship was The Titanic? How tall and how long was she?
3. What was her cost?
4. Who were the passengers on The Titanic?
5. Were there poor people on it?
6. What is the exact date of the disaster?
7. What was the weather like on that day?
8. Was the sea rough or smooth?
9. Was The Titanic moving fast or slowly?
10. Why was it dangerous for her to move fast?
11. Why did The Titanic strike the iceberg?
12. Was there another ship passing nearby?
44 Section 2:Marine Voyages
13. Why didn’t The Californian take some passengers off The Titanic?
14. What was the Captain of The Californian doing when The Titanic struck the
iceberg?
Ex.23 Read the text “The Titanic Found“, say its content in short in Russian. Use the comments if necessary.
THE TITANIC FOUND
Years passed. People roughly1 knew
where The Titanic was lying down. But it was
hard to reach very deep in cold water. Yet
treasure hunters kept on dreaming of2 the
mystery ship. They expected to find gold,
diamonds and pearls on board.
In the summer of 1985 the scientists
sent a special underwater robot hunting for
the ship3. At first they saw only sand on the
ocean floor4. Then, on September 1, something different flashed on the screen. It
was a ship! She was lying upright in two pieces5 on the ocean floor at a depth of
about 4 000 m. The scientists explored the ship several times with the help of
manned and unmanned equipment6. The ship’s giant anchors were in the sand
nearby. Bottles of wine were everywhere around, and suitcases. One of the scientists, who did so much to find The Titanic, Robert Ballard didn’t want the treasure
hunters to find the ship7. So some time later he returned to the place of the catastrophe on a small submarine. He approached The Titanic and sent the robot inside.
The robot left a message behind. It asked that the great ship be left in peace8. The
whole world followed Robert’s work. They cheered him because to some people it
was very special9. They were children when the accident happened but they and
the whole world would never forget the “unsinkable Titanic”10.
Comments:
1. roughly – ɡɞ. ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ, ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
2. kept on dreaming of – ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɥɢ ɦɟɱɬɚɬɶ ɨ
3. sent a ... robot hunting for the ship – ɩɨɫɥɚɥɢ ɪɨɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɩɨɢɫɤɢ ɤɨɪɚɛɥɹ
4. on the ocean floor – ɧɚ ɞɧɟ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ
5. upright in two pieces – ɫɬɨɣɦɹ, ɪɚɫɤɨɥɨɬɵɣ ɧɚɞɜɨɟ
6. manned and unmanned equipment – ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ
ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ
7. Robert Ballard didn’t want the treasure hunters to find the ship – Ɋɨɛɟɪɬ Ȼɚɥɥɚɪɞ
ɧɟ ɯɨɬɟɥ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɢɫɤɚɬɟɥɢ ɫɨɤɪɨɜɢɳ ɧɚɲɥɢ ɤɨɪɚɛɥɶ
8. that the great ship be left in peace – ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɵɣ ɤɨɪɚɛɥɶ ɧɟ ɬɪɟɜɨɠɢɥɢ
9. very special – ɡɞ. ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɚɠɧɨ
10. would never forget the “unsinkable Titanic” – ɧɢɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɡɚɛɭɞɭɬ “ɧɟɩɨɬɨɩɥɹɟ-
ɦɵɣ Ɍɢɬɚɧɢɤ”
Unit 3.The Titanic Tragedy 45
Ex. 24 Find in the text the following equivalents:
ɉɪɨɲɥɢ ɝɨɞɵ, ɢɫɤɚɬɟɥɢ ɫɨɤɪɨɜɢɳ, ɡɨɥɨɬɨ, ɛɪɢɥɥɢɚɧɬɵ ɢ ɠɟɦɱɭɝ, ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɪɨɛɨɬ, ɧɚ ɞɧɟ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ, ɧɚ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ ɨɤɨɥɨ 4000 ɦ, ɭɱɟɧɵɟ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɢ ɤɨɪɚɛɥɶ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡ, ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɝɢɝɚɧɬɫɤɢɟ ɹɤɨɪɹ ɤɨɪɚɛɥɹ, ɦɟɫɬɨ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɵ, ɜɟɫɶ ɦɢɪ ɫɥɟɞɢɥ ɡɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ
Ɋ. Ȼɚɥɥɚɪɞɚ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɟɥ ɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɵɣ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ, ɧɟɩɨɬɨɩɥɹɟɦɵɣ Ɍɢɬɚɧɢɤ.
Ex. 25 Ask the questions to the text to each other.
1. When did The Titanic disaster happen?
2. Why was it difficult to find her?
3. Why were treasure hunters dreaming of The Titanic?
4. When did the scientists send a special underwater robot hunting for the ship?
5. How was The Titanic lying?
6. At what depth was she lying?
7. What equipment did the scientists use to explore The Titanic?
8. Where were the ship’s giant anchors?
9. What kind of message did R. Ballard leave behind on the ship?
10.Why did the whole world cheer R. Ballard?
Ex. 26 Make up dialogues about The Titanic.
Ex. 27 Summarize all the information about The Titanic and tell your group-
mates about: a) the disaster of The Titanic;
b) The Titanic found.
3.4 Comprehension
Ex. 28 Read the text. Put the verbs in brackets in the necessary form (See
“Grammar”, G.11, G.12, G.13).
One night in April 1912, a huge new ocean liner crossed the Atlantic. It …
(to be) The Titanic. She carried 2 000 passengers. She went very fast, which …
(be) dangerous because there … (be) icebergs around. The passengers … (have) a
good time when the ship suddenly struck one of these icebergs.
The ship began to sink and the passengers tried to escape, but there … (be)
not enough lifeboats. Another ship passed nearby. The Titanic fired rockets into the
air in order to get the other ship’s help. But it didn’t stop. Two-thirds of the passengers went down with The Titanic. It … (be) one of the greatest sea disasters of
all time.
Ex. 29 Use the construction there + to be in the necessary tense form (See
“Grammar”, G.13).
1. Look! … … their telephone number in the letter.
46 Section 2:Marine Voyages
2. Kazan is a very old town. … … many old buildings.
3. Excuse me, … … a restaurant near here?
4. How many students … … in your group?
5. I was hungry but … … anything to eat.
6. … … a football match on TV last night.
7. … … many people at the meeting?
8. Look! … … an accident. Call the ambulance!
9. … … 24 hours in a day.
10. This box is empty. … … nothing in it.
11. … … … somebody at the airport to meet you when you arrive tomorrow.
12. When we arrived at the cinema … … a long queue outside.
Ex. 30 Ask questions to the following statements (See “Grammar”, G.13).
1. There is a cat in the window.
2. There are a few changes in the text.
3. There are plenty of glasses in the cupboard.
4. There were a lot of people at the stadium.
5. There isn’t anything on the plate.
6. There wasn’t anybody in the room.
7. There are difficult exercises in this book.
8. There is something on the shelf.
9. There will be some interesting programmes on TV tomorrow.
10. There are several empty seats in the room.
11. There weren’t any pears on the plate.
Ex. 31 Translate from Russian into English using the vocabulary from the
Unit.
1. Ɍɪɚɝɟɞɢɹ Ɍɢɬɚɧɢɤɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɚ ɜ ɚɩɪɟɥɟ 1912 ɝɨɞɚ.
2. Ȼɢɥɟɬɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɞɨɪɨɝɢɟ ɞɚɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɨɜ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ.
3. ɇɚ ɤɨɪɚɛɥɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ 2000 ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɨɜ.
4. Ʌɸɞɢ ɞɭɦɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ Ɍɢɬɚɧɢɤ ɫɚɦɨɟ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɟ ɫɭɞɧɨ.
5. Ɇɨɪɟ
ɛɵɥɨ ɫɩɨɤɨɣɧɵɦ ɢ ɝɥɚɞɤɢɦ.
6. ɇɨɱɶɸ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɚɣɫɛɟɪɝɢ.
7. Ɍɢɬɚɧɢɤ ɫɬɨɥɤɧɭɥɫɹ ɫ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɵɦ ɚɣɫɛɟɪɝɨɦ.
8. Ɇɧɨɝɢɟ ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɵ ɬɚɧɰɟɜɚɥɢ ɢ ɫɦɟɹɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɩɚɥɭɛɟ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɚ ɤɚ-
ɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɚ.
9. Ʉɨɪɚɛɥɶ Ʉɚɥɢɮɨɪɧɢɟɰ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɥ ɦɢɦɨ ɢ ɭɜɢɞɟɥ ɜɨɫɟɦɶ ɛɟɥɵɯ ɪɚɤɟɬ.
10. ɉɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɵ ɜɵɛɟɠɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɩɚɥɭɛɭ ɜ ɩɢɠɚɦɚɯ ɢ ɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɪɭɛɚɲɤɚɯ.
11. ɇɚ ɤɨɪɚɛɥɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɫɩɚɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɲɥɸɩɨɤ.
12. Ɇɧɨɝɢɟ ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɵ ɭɬɨɧɭɥɢ.
13. Ɍɢɬɚɧɢɤ ɭɬɨɧɭɥ.
Unit 4.Modern Explorer Thor Heyerdahl 47
UNIT 4. MODERN EXPLORER THOR HEYERDAHL
1. Ƚɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɤɚ: ɢɦɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ, ɚɪɬɢɤɥɶ (the Noun, the Article).
2. Ⱥɭɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ: ɬɟɤɫɬ “Captain Robert Scott (1868–1912)”.
3. Ʌɟɤɫɢɤɚ: ɬɟɤɫɬ “Explorer Heyerdahl Hunts for Lost Civilization in Peru” ɢɭɩ-
ɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ.
4. Ʌɟɤɫɢɤɨ-ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɬɟɫɬ.
4.1 Grammar: the Noun, the Article
(See section “Grammar”, G.1, G.2)
Ex. 1 Fill in the blanks with the articles if necessary (See “Grammar”, G.1,
G.1.1, G.1.2).
1. I’m going to … bed. I’ve got … headache.
2. Their son has two dogs and … a bird.
3. We live on … bank of … Amur.
4. … Moscow is … capital of … Russian Federation.
5. … Russia is our native country.
6. … captain always stays on … deck when … ship leaves … port.
7. There is … bridge over … river.
8. I saw … very nice girl yesterday.
9. … lake Baikal is … biggest lake all over … global.
10. I am … first-year student.
Ex. 2 Put the nouns into the plural (See “Grammar”, G.2.2).
Pen, window, wall, week, ship, library, clock, watch, dress, country, glass,
play, bus, leaf, life, colony, hero, fox, language, shelf, roof, ray, bush, copy, brush,
fox, dictionary, factory, mouse, foot, tooth, man, woman, child, postman, schoolgirl, text-book, phenomenon, nucleus, datum, basis, comedy, quantity, discovery.
Ex. 3 Translate the sentences paying attention to the nouns in the single and
in the plural (See “Grammar”, G.2.2).
1. My friend works at the factory.
2. My friends work at the factory.
3. The students of our Academy study many subjects.
4. This student studies English at Moscow University.
5. The teacher wants to ask you some questions.
6. At the English lessons we read many texts.
7. The Parliament of the country passes new laws.
8. Knowledge is power.
9. Bad news doesn’t make people happy.
10. The scientist is always busy with his experiments.
48 Section 2:Marine Voyages
Ex. 4 Put the sentences into the plural (See “Grammar”, G.2.2, G.11).
1. He is a student of our University.
2. Put the box on the shelf.
3. Where is the English dictionary?
4. This factory has a good laboratory.
5. The speech was very long.
6. This story is very interesting.
7. I don’t like this play.
8. The roof of the house was covered with show.
9. The key to the box was lost.
10. I need a new copy of the letter.
Ex. 5 Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
1. ɗɬɨɬ ɡɚɜɨɞ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬ ɤɨɪɚɛɥɢ.
2. Ʉɨɩɢɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɮɚɣɥɟ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ.
3. ɇɚ ɫɬɨɥɟ ɥɟɠɚɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ.
4. ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɟ ɞɜɚ ɨɤɧɚ.
5. Ⱦɟɬɢ ɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɜ ɫɚɞɭ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɞɟɧɶ.
6. ɋɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɬɚɬɟɣ ɛɵɥɨ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɠɭɪɧɚɥɚɯ?
7. ȼ ɩɚɪɤɟ ɝɭɥɹɥɢ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɵ ɫ ɞɟɬɶɦɢ.
8. ȼ ɦɭɡɟɟ ɜɢɫɹɬ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ ȼɟɥɚɫɤɟɫɚ.
9. Ɉɫɟɧɶ. ɇɚ ɡɟɦɥɟ ɥɟɠɚɬ ɤɪɚɫɧɵɟ ɢ ɠɟɥɬɵɟ ɥɢɫɬɶɹ.
10. ɍ ɧɚɲɢɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɞɪɭɡɟɣ.
Ex. 6 Translate the sentences with words formed with the exception to the
rule (See “Grammar”, G.2.2).
1. Women and children can easily do this work.
2. I have bad teeth.
3. I have hurt both feet.
4. Input data are fed into the computer.
5. We can’t explain these phenomena.
6. Political and economic crises form the basis for social conflicts.
7. What criteria did they establish?
8. Atom nuclei are invisible to the naked eye.
9. Postmen deliver newspapers in the morning.
10.These formulae are difficult to explain.
Ex. 7 Translate the word-combinations in the possessive case (See “Grammar”, G.2.3).
My brother’s favourite sport, these two countries’ economy, that man’s
name, those women’s children, University’s computer center, children’s parents,
Unit 4.Modern Explorer Thor Heyerdahl 49
the deputies’ reports, people’s rights and duties, the People’s Militia, the peoples’
fight for their liberation, two months’ program, scientists’ work, the scientist’s
work, the dean’s office.
Ex. 8 Change according to the model (See “Grammar”, G.2.3).
Model: the ball of the boy – the boy’s ball
The new club of the workers, the clothes of the boys, the voice of his sister,
the watch of my friend Peter, the birthday of my daughter Helen, the parents of all
the other boys, the boats of the fishermen, the opinion of the lawyer, the conclusion
of experts, the house of Mr. Brown, the books of his grandchildren, the surname of
Helen and Peter, the parents of John, the toys of the twins, the plays of Shakespeare, the times of Peter the Great.
Ex. 9 Do as in the model (See “Grammar”, G.2.3).
Model: Magellan’s ships – the ships of Magellan
My father’s library, the teacher’s questions, the doctor’s advice, the ship’s
crew, the engineer’s drawings, the managers’ instructions, Mr. Green’s proposal,
the lawyer’s signature, the captain’s order, the director’s decision, the directors’
Council.
Ex. 10 Translate the sentences with the nouns in the possessive case (See
“Grammar”, G.2.3).
1. My father’s parents are my grandparents.
2. His granddaughter’s dream is to become a pianist.
3. Nobody could explain the young girl’s behaviour.
4. The young man got his first month’s salary and looked very proud.
5. You don’t object to the speaker’s proposal, do you?
6. The boy was looking through a children’s magazine.
7. After an hour’s break the committee resumed their work.
8. It was a typical student’s mistake.
9. The river was at a mile’s distance from the camp.
10. We couldn’t tear our eyes off the pianist’s hands.
Ex. 11 Translate the following word-combinations (See “Grammar”,
G.2.4):
Trade talks, consumer goods, long-term credits, power station equipment,
world market conditions, home and foreign policy, world copper supply and demand, London Metal Exchange copper price, post Second-World-War prices, the
Public Health Ministry, labour council, UN member states, crime prevention prob-
50 Section 2:Marine Voyages
lems, an anniversary meeting, the railway bridge reconstruction plan, the energy
accumulation process, the temperature limit determination problem, the long-term
research program result, low-temperature physics development.
Ex. 12 Form the nouns with the help of suffixes. Translate the pairs of words
(See “Grammar”, G.2).
1) –er, –or
to employ, to run, to travel, to produce, to mix, to discover, to organize, to conduct,
law, photograph(y), biograph(y);
2) –ian (–an)
India, Estonia, Australia, Canada, library, music, electric, mathematic(s), technic(s), academy – academic, theory – theoretic(al), parliament – parliamentar(y);
3) –age
to store, to break, to use, to carry, to marry, to drain, to stop, to cover, short, volt,
ton, bag;
4) –ance (–ence), –ancy (–ency)
to accept, to perform, to appear, to exist, to depend, signific(ant), import(ant),
domin(ant), effici(ent), experi(ent), depend(ant), suffici(ent), ag(ent);
5) –ion (–ation, –tion, –sion, –ssion)
to organize, to educate, to decide, to form, to attract, to correct, to generate, transport, to examine, to protect;
6) –ment
to arrange, to employ, to develop, to ship, to move, to manage, to equip, to govern,
to announce;
7) –ness
happy, serious, useful, smooth, bright, cool, thick;
8) –th
broad, long, deep, wide, strong, dead, true, warm, to grow, to heal;
9) –ty (–ity, –ability, –ibility)
possible, special, capable, stable, reliable, minor, major, prior, necess(ary), personal, secure.
Ex. 13 State the nouns and translate them (See “Grammar”, G.2).
Coldly, softness, to wide, happiness, enlargement, equality, impatient, responsible, to stabilize, stabilization, possible, probably, freedom, harmful, harmlessness, aimless, attention, attentive, quantity, usage, glorious, measure, conversion, convertibility, resistance, attainable, payment, payee, desirable, limitation,
addition, additionally, unrestricted, acceptance, consideration, indifference, explanatory, unexpectedness, to discontinue, disarmament, disappearance, undeveloped, significance, to compare, comparable, comparability, exclusion, unsatisfactory, relation, persistence, refusal, rectorship, length, assistance, useful, dangerous,
physician, quality, universal, chemist, mathematician, reliable, effectiveness.
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