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Файл:Английский язык для филологов. Учебное пособие
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МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение
«АЛТАЙСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ»
высшего образования
А.В. Кочкинекова
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ
ЯЗЫК ДЛЯ ФИЛОЛОГОВ
Учебное пособие
Барнаул – 2015
УДК 811.111 (075)
К757
Кочкинекова, А.В. Английский язык для филологов :
учебное пособие / А.В. Кочкинекова. – Барнаул : АлтГПУ,
2015. – 119 с.
ББК 81.432.1я73
К757
Рецензенты:
Трунова О.В., доктор филологических наук, профессор (МГПУ);
Пшенкина Т.Г., доктор филологических наук, профессор (АлтГПУ)
ISBN 978–5–88210–779–5
Учебное пособие содержит аутентичные тексты по теме
«Искусство» на английском языке, а также лексико-грамматические
упражнения, направленные на развитие навыков чтения и понимания
изучаемой литературы, задания монологического и диалогического
характера, способствующие формированию коммуникативной
компетенции. Цель пособия – обучение чтению, переводу, основам
аннотирования и реферирования, вовлечение студентов в процесс
коммуникации на английском языке.
Пособие предназначено для студентов 2-го курса, магистрантов
и аспирантов филологических факультетов вузов, уже овладевших
основами английской грамматики и имеющих определенный
словарный запас.
Рекомендовано к изданию редакционно-издательским советом 13.05.2015 г.
ISBN 978–5–88210–779–5
© Алтайский государственный
педагогический университет, 2015
Введение
Данное пособие предназначено для организации практических
занятий со студентами филологических факультетов вузов по курсу
«Английский язык в профессиональной коммуникации».
Цель предлагаемого пособия – формирование у студентов умений
и навыков работы с текстами по теме «Искусство». В цели работы
входит также обучение основам аннотирования, реферирования и
пересказа текстов на английском языке по теме «Искусство» при
соблюдении языковой лексико-грамматической корректности, а также
развитие коммуникативной и социокультурной компетенций.
Систематическая работа с данным пособием поможет студентам в
дальнейшей самостоятельной работе с англоязычными текстами и
обеспечит включение в англоязычную среду. Пособие позволит
расширить активный вокабуляр терминологии по теме «Искусство» в
объеме языкового материала, определенного основной образовательной
программой по английскому языку на профессиональноориентированном этапе.
Предлагаемое пособие состоит из трех разделов (Units):
Lexical Commentary;
Grammar Review;
Reading about Impressionism in English.
Представленное пособие направлено на решение следующих
задач:
расширить активный и пассивный словарный запас студентов
по изучаемой теме;
обеспечить закрепление и активизацию грамматического
материала;
углубить знания об особенностях английской языковой
системы (словообразование, употребление предлогов и предложных
конструкций, притяжательный падеж и др.);
раскрыть особенности восприятия пространства в
английской и русской языковых системах, что является важным
компонентом при обучении специфике описания картины на
английском языке;
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расширить знания особенностей менталитета и ценностных
ориентаций представителей разных культур;
развить умения ознакомительного, просмотрового,
поискового и экстенсивного чтения.
Использованные в пособии репродукции известных
художников-импрессионистов (К. Моне, П.О. Ренуар, К. Писсарро,
Э. Дега и др.) способствуют формированию у студентов целостного
представления о таком важном направлении в искусстве, как
импрессионизм.
Основные представленные в пособии грамматические явления
были объяснены и описаны в ракурсе антропоцентрической
лингвистики. Так, по справедливому замечанию В.А. Звегинцева, «В
обход человека язык изучать нельзя. Все исследовательские
координаты должны перекрещиваться на человеке».
Автор выражает искреннюю благодарность профессору кафедры
английского языка Лингвистического института, ФГБОУ ВО АлтГПУ
Т.Д. Максимовой за ее неоценимую поддержку в подготовке учебного
пособия, а также рецензентам – профессору кафедры зарубежной
филологии Института гуманитарных наук, ГБОУ ВО МГПУ
О.В. Труновой и профессору кафедры перевода и межкультурной
коммуникации Лингвистического института, ФГБОУ ВО АлтГПУ
Т.Г. Пшёнкиной за их замечания и предложения по улучшению учебного
пособия.
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UNIT 1. LEXICAL COMMENTARY
§ 1. GENRES IN PAINTING
Landscape painting (landscape) can be used in two ways:
1. The technique or activity of painting landscapes.
2. A painting of a landscape.
I want to show how the development of landscape painting was taken a
stage further.
Parisian street scenes, impressionistic landscapes, Rembrandt and Andy
Warhol are popular on the islands these days.
NOTES: Landscape painter (landscapist) is a painter of landscapes.
Seascape painting (seascape) is a painting of a view of the sea.
Seascape painting was very popular in this country.
NOTES: Marine painter is used to denote a painter of seascapes.
Portrait painting
NOTES: the word a portrait painter or a portraitist is used to denote an
artist who specializes in portrait painting.
Genre painting can be defined as a painting that represents scenes from
daily life in a more or less realistic way.
NOTES: Genre painter is a painter of genre scenes.
Still life (still life painting) (NOTES: The plural form of the word
still life is still lifes).
1. The art or activity of making still lifes.
2. A painting or drawing of an arrangement of objects, typically
including fruit and flowers and objects contrasting with these in texture, such
as bowls and glassware.
Traditional still life painting is often regarded as typically middle-class,
representing the desire to possess and control the objects of daily life.
These still life paintings have been placed within interiors nationwide
and are sure to create a successful design.
§ 2. PAINTING, PICTURE, CANVAS, DRAWING
The word painting can be used in two ways:
1. As an uncountable noun, corresponding to the Russian word
“живопись”.
I like painting.
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2. As a countable noun, meaning a picture in paint.
There are many paintings by Impressionists in the Museum d’Orsay.
The word picture, in its turn, is more general than painting, since it
includes not only works in paint (oil paintings and watercolors) but also
drawings, prints etc. This word can also denote a photograph.
The room has several pictures on the walls.
The word canvas can be used in two ways:
1. Piece of canvas or a similar material on which a painting is done,
usually in oils.
2. A painting on this material, especially in oils.
These canvases painted direct from nature were never finished, as
Turner did not intend them for exhibition.
The gallery has a canvas by Paul Cézanne.
'Four Women on a Bench', oil on canvas, 1991.
Drawing is a picture that you draw with a pencil, pen etc.
The drawings that once illustrated these stories have been scattered
across the world.
Morris is a prolific poet, producing books full of verses illustrated with
his drawings.
§ 3. OIL, WATERCOLOR
Oil painting is used in the following meanings:
1. The act or art of painting in oil colors.
He studied oil painting in college.
2. Oil is an oil color used by an artist.
This picture is painted in oil.
3. A painting done in oil colors. NOTES: The word painting can be
omitted here: oil, watercolor.
A large oil painting hangs above the mantel.
Watercolor can be used in the following meanings:
1. An artists' paint made with a water-soluble binder such as gum
Arabic, and thinned with water rather than oil, giving a transparent color.
This old picture is painted in watercolor.
2. A picture painted with watercolors (NOTES: Both prepositions (in
and with) are possible in the following situations: to paint in watercolor = to
paint with watercolor; to write in pencil = to write with a pencil).
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Blackadder is exhibiting watercolors and oil paintings.
Family Copies recreates oil paintings or watercolors by using an image
from a digital or photographic source.
§ 4. SITTER, SUBJECT, MODEL
Sitter is the most usual word for a person who is having his portrait
painted, or sitting for his portrait.
Degas has captured the inner life of his sitter.
Subject is sometimes used instead of the word sitter, particularly in
cases where the person did not sit for his portrait, but was simply observed by
the artist. It clearly has a wider application than sitter. This word can also
denote a person or thing that is the main feature of a picture or photograph, or
that a work of art is based on.
Classical landscapes were a popular subject with many 18th century
painters.
Model is a person who is employed to be painted, drawn,
photographed etc. by an artist or photographer. It is used mainly of nudes.
The model sits for this artist for three hours every day.
§ 5. SHADE, TINT, TINGE, TONE, HUE
Shade (оттенок) is a colour that varies slightly from a standard
colour due to a difference in hue, saturation, or luminosity.
There are dark shades and lighter hues folding into each other.
NOTES: The word shade can also denote the darker part of a picture:
Strong contrasts of light and shade.
Tint may be a synonym of shade. However, it is used especially with
reference to pale and delicate shades, and this word is given as a technical
term of painting.
Green with a yellowish tint.
Renoir excelled at flesh tints.
Tinge is a slight staining or suffusing shade or color, especially one
modifying the basic color.
This glass has a greenish tinge.
8
Tone can also be used in the sense of shade. It is one of the many
types of a particular colour, each slightly darker, lighter, brighter etc. than the next.
Perhaps a darker tone would be better.
Hue is used occasionally to mean a color or shade of color. It is the
attribute of colour that enables an observer to classify it as red, green, blue,
purple etc, and excludes white, black, and shades of grey. This word is often
used in poetic language.
The color theme is predominantly shades of warm hues.
We decorated the room in hues of blue and green.
§ 6. DEPICT, PORTRAY, REPRESENT, RENDER
Depict is to show (someone or something) in a picture, painting,
photograph etc.
1. The photograph depicts two brothers standing in front of a store.
2. The drawing depicts a sleepy child.
3. Angels are usually depicted with wings.
4. In the drawing, the magic cap was depicted as a soft, black hat.
Portray is a synonym of the word to depict and it has the following
meaning: “represent smb / smth in a painting, drawing, sculpture etc.” It can
also be used in the sense of “to make a portrait of smb”.
His most famous painting portrayed the death of Nelson.
The famous writer is portrayed sitting at the desk.
Death is portrayed as an old woman.
The painting portrays the queen in a purple robe.
Represent is to depict (a particular subject) in a work of art.
Paintings representing religious themes were common in medieval times.
As a result, a well-trained artist does not need a life model, or a
preparatory sketch to represent a particular subject.
Render is to represent or depict artistically.
Her eyes and the cheeks are exceptionally well rendered.
It demonstrated the artist's skill in rendering the fleeting moment in
which sharp pain is reflected in the boy's expression.
Degas effectively renders the atmosphere of the ballet.
The artist has rendered the stormy sea in dark greens and browns.
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§ 7. CATCH, CAPTURE
Catch is to apprehend and fix by artistic means.
To catch a person's likeness.
Capture is to succeed in recording, showing, or describing a situation
or feeling, using words or pictures.
These photographs capture the essence of working-class life at the turn
of the century.
The painter has succeeded in capturing the inner life of his sitter.
§ 8. HELPFUL PHRASES FOR DESCRIBING PICTURES
in the foreground
in the background
in the distance
in the middle-distance
in the middle
at / in the centre
on the horizon
in sight
on the left
to the left of
on the right
to the right of
on the left-hand side
on the right-hand side
in the top left-hand corner
in the bottom left-hand corner
in the top right-hand corner
in the bottom right-hand corner
at the top (of the picture)
at the bottom (of the picture)
against the background
10
UNIT 2. GRAMMAR REVIEW
§ 1. A FEW WORDS ABOUT AN ARTIST
POSSESSIVE CASE: A PORTRAIT OF RENOIR
OR A PORTRAIT OF RENOIR’S?
While describing a picture or portrait it is necessary to say to whom it
belongs or who exactly painted or drew the picture. It is necessary to
differentiate between two constructions:
a portrait of Renoir
a portrait of Renoir’s
The first construction means “a portrait depicting Renoir.” The second
one, in its turn, has the meaning of “a portrait painted by this artist or
belonging to him.” The Double Possessive Construction (a portrait of
Renoir’s) is important since it allows us to make a difference in meaning
between the two above-mentioned constructions.
As an alternative, the construction “a portrait by Renoir” can be used
to denote a portrait painted by him. This construction is frequently used in
Modern English.
§ 2. PASSIVE VOICE vs ACTIVE VOICE
Speaking about the author of the picture, we can also use such
sentences as:
Claude Monet painted this picture.
This picture was painted by Claude Monet.
In the first sentence, Active Voice is used, while Passive Voice is used
in the second.
Passive Voice is not merely a formal variant of the Active Voice, able
to replace it without any change in meaning. There is a difference in
emphasis. As the subject of the sentence is the main point of interest, the
Passive Voice is the grammatical device that gives the object of a verb
prominence by making it the subject. Therefore, when we want to place the
emphasis on the performer of the action, we generally use the Active Voice.
When we want to place the emphasis on the action, or on the receiver of the
action, we use the Passive Voice. Thus, in the sentence:
Claude Monet painted this picture (Active Voice) our point of interest
is primarily “Claude Monet”. The sentence is the answer to some question
like: Who painted this picture?
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