Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Английский язык для транспортных специальностей вузов. Т.1. Базовый профессиональный курс. Учебное пособие
.pdf
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ 11
ȼȼȿȾȿɇɂȿ
ɍɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɵɫɲɢɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ, ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ 190700 «Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɟ». Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɱɬɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ.
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ:
ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ, ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ. Ʌɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ (ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɚ), ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɢ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɭɬɟɧɬɢɱɧɵɦ. ɍɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɢ ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɣ ɜɡɹɬɵɯ ɢɯ ɜɫɟɦɢɪɧɨɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɷɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɢ Wikipedia.
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɬɪɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ (Parts), ɜ
ɤɚɠɞɭɸ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɲɟɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɨɜ (Sections), ɨɫɜɟɳɚɸɳɢɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ ɝɪɭɡɨɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ.
ɍɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɪɚɡɛɢɬɨ ɧɚ ɞɜɚ ɬɨɦɚ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɚɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ
ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ. Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ, ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɬɨɦ ɫɧɚɛɠɟɧ ɜɫɟɦɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦɢ.
ȼ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ ɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɹɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ (ȽɈɋ) ɩɨ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɟ «Ⱥɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣ
ɹɡɵɤ». ɍɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɨ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ, ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɬɟɡɚɭɪɭɫɨɦ.
ȼ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɦ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɢ 25 ɭɪɨɤɨɜ (Units), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ
ɤɭɪɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ɍɪɨɤɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ ɩɨ ɨɛɳɟɦɭ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɭ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɟɦɭ ɨɯɜɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ: ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɤɟ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɚɭɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ.
ȼɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ «Ƚɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɣ» (Grammar) ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚɦ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɡɭɱɚɬɶ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɟɝɨ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ. ȼ «ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ» (Supplements) ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ ɬɟɤɫɬɵ ɞɥɹ
ɚɭɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ, ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜ, ɨɬɜɟɬɵ ɤ ɬɟɫɬɚɦ ɩɨ ɫɚɦɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɢ ɞɪ. ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɜ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ
ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɤɟ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɟɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɬɪɭɞɧɵɦ ɷɬɚɩɨɦ ɜ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ.
ɇɟ ɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɚɤɰɟɧɬ ɜ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɢ ɫɞɟɥɚɧ ɧɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ «Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɟ (ɜɨɞɧɨɦ)», ɞɚɧɧɨɟ
ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ
ɜɢɞɚɦ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ (ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ, ɠɟɥɟɡɧɨɞɨɪɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɚɜɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ), ɬ.ɤ.
ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɚ ɭɪɨɤɨɜ ɫɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɟɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɭɡɥɚ. ɉɨɦɢɦɨ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɩɨ ɝɪɭɡɨɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɚɦ, ɚɜɬɨɪɵ
, ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɯ
ɜ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
12 ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
ɜɤɥɸɱɢɥɢ ɜ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɣ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɤ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚ.
ɍɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨ ɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚɦ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ, ɬɚɤɢɯ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɤɚɤ
«ɇɚɡɟɦɧɵɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ», «Ɍɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɦɚɲɢɧɵ ɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ», «ɗɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ», «ɗɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ», «ɗɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ».
ȼ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɬɨɦ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ 2 ɱɚɫɬɢ (Preamble ɢ Basic Professional Course) ɢ, ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɩɟɪɜɵɯ 13 ɭɪɨɤɨɜ. Ƚɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ, ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɬɨɦ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɭɪɨɤɨɜ.
Ⱦɚɧɧɨɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɨ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦ ɤɪɭɝɨɦ
ɥɢɰ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ.
Part 1. Preamble 13
PART 1. PREAMBLE
SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION TO THE SPECIALITY
1.1 Ɉ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɢ
ɇɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ «Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ
ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɟ» ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɜɢɞɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ: ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɣ, ɜɨɞɧɵɣ, ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɣ ɢ ɠɟɥɟɡɧɨɞɨɪɨɠɧɵɣ. ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɦɢ, ɬ.ɤ. ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ
ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɭɸ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ. Ɉɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɹɫɶ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɛɵ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɹ ɢ ɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɟɫɬɶ ɰɟɧɧɵɣ «ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɬɪɢ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦ».
ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɟ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɡɧɚɬɶ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɭɡɥɵ ɢ ɩɭɬɢ, ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ, ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɸ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ, ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɭɸ
ɥɨɝɢɫɬɢɤɭ, ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬ, ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ, ɛɚɡ ɢ ɩɨɪɬɨɜ, ɜɧɟɲɧɟɬɨɪɝɨɜɵɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɢɯ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ, ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɸ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɭɡɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɝɪɭɡɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ,
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɭ, ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɟ ɞɪɭɝɨɟ.
ɉɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɢɤɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɢ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɣ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɢ ɜɨ ɜɫɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚ.
1.2 ȼɵɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɢɡ ȽɈɋ
ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɃ ɈȻɊȺɁɈȼȺɌȿɅɖɇɕɃɋɌȺɇȾȺɊɌ
ȼɕɋɒȿȽɈ ɉɊɈɎȿɋɋɂɈɇȺɅɖɇɈȽɈ ɈȻɊȺɁɈȼȺɇɂə
ɇɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ
190701 «Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ
ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɟ (ɩɨ ɜɢɞɚɦ)»
Ʉɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ – ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪ ɩɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɟ.
Ɉɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɧɢɤɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɟ ɝɪɭɡɨɜ ɢ ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɨɜ, ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ,
ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ, ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨ-ɷɤɫɩɟɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ
ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɢɧɫɩɟɤɰɢɢ, ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɨɜɵɟ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɢ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ
ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɪɵɧɤɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ, ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɢ ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɨɜ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɫɛɵɬɨɜɵɟ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ.
14 Section 1: Introduction to the Speciality
ɌɊȿȻɈȼȺɇɂə Ʉ ɈȻəɁȺɌȿɅɖɇɈɆɍ ɆɂɇɂɆɍɆɍ ɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɇɂə
ɈɋɇɈȼɇɈɃ ɈȻɊȺɁɈȼȺɌȿɅɖɇɈɃ ɉɊɈȽɊȺɆɆɕ
ɉɈ ɇȺɉɊȺȼɅȿɇɂɘ ɉɈȾȽɈɌɈȼɄɂ
ȾɂɉɅɈɆɂɊɈȼȺɇɇɈȽɈ ɋɉȿɐɂȺɅɂɋɌȺ
“Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɟ”
ɂɧɞɟɤɫ ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧ ɢ ɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɵ ȼɫɟɝɨ
ɱɚɫɨɜ
Ƚɋɗ Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɝɭɦɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɵɟ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
1800
ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɵ
Ƚɋɗ.Ɏ.00 Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ 1260
Ƚɋɗ.Ɏ.01 ɂɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɧɵɣ ɹɡɵɤ:
340
ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚ ɚɪɬɢɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɡɜɭɤɨɜ, ɢɧɬɨɧɚɰɢɢ, ɚɤɰɟɧɬɭɚɰɢɢ
ɢ ɪɢɬɦɚ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ ɜ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ; ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɢɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɟ
ɞɥɹ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ; ɱɬɟɧɢɟ
ɬɪɚɧɫɤɪɢɩɰɢɢ; ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦ ɜ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ 4000
ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɢ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ; ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɰɢɢ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɢ ɩɨ
ɫɮɟɪɚɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ (ɛɵɬɨɜɚɹ, ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ, ɨɛɳɟɧɚɭɱɧɚɹ, ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɚɹ); ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɨ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɯ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹɯ, ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯ; ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɨɛ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɯ ɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ;
ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɸ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɛɟɡ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɦɵɫɥɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɢ ɭɫɬɧɨɦ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɢ; ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ; ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɨɛ ɨɛɢɯɨɞɧɨ-ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɦ, ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɞɟɥɨɜɨɦ, ɧɚɭɱɧɨɦ ɫɬɢɥɹɯ, ɫɬɢɥɟ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ; ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɢɥɹ; ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ ɢ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢ
ɫɬɪɚɧ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɷɬɢɤɟɬɚ; ɝɨɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ; ɞɢɚɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢ ɦɨɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɪɟɱɶ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨ-ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ ɧɟɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶ
ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ; ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ (ɭɫɬɧɨɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟ-
ɧɨɝɨ
-
ɧɢɟ, ɞɨɤɥɚɞ); ɚɭɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ; ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ
ɦɨɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɛɵɬɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ; ɱɬɟɧɢɟ; ɜɢɞɵ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ: ɧɟɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ
ɩɪɚɝɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɵ ɢ ɬɟɤɫɬɵ ɩɨ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦɭ ɢ ɭɡɤɨɦɭ
ɩɪɨɮɢɥɸ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ; ɩɢɫɶɦɨ; ɜɢɞɵ ɪɟɱɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ: ɚɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹ, ɪɟɮɟɪɚɬ, ɬɟɡɢɫɵ, ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ, ɱɚɫɬɧɨɟ
ɩɢɫɶɦɨ, ɞɟɥɨɜɨɟ ɩɢɫɶɦɨ, ɛɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ.
Section 2: Marine Voyages 15
SECTION 2: MARINE VOYAGES
ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɝɥɚɜɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɭɪɨɤɢ (Units) ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɟ:
ɭɪɨɤ 1 – «ɉɭɬɟɲɟɫɬɜɢɹ ɏɪɢɫɬɨɮɨɪɚ Ʉɨɥɭɦɛɚ», ɭɪɨɤ 2 – «ɉɭɬɟɲɟɫɬɜɢɹ Ɇɚɝɟɥɥɚɧɚ», ɭɪɨɤ 3 – «Ɍɪɚɝɟɞɢɹ Ɍɢɬɚɧɢɤɚ» ɢ ɭɪɨɤ 4 – «ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɍɭɪɚ ɏɟɣɟɪɞɚɥɚ».
Ƚɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɬɟɦɵ: ɝɥɚɝɨɥɵ to be ɢ to have,
ɨɛɨɪɨɬ there + to be, ɚɪɬɢɤɥɶ ɢ ɢɦɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ. Ɍɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ «Ƚɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɣ».
UNIT 1. CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS’ VOYAGES
1. Ƚɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɤɚ: ɝɥɚɝɨɥ to be (the Verb to be).
2. Ⱥɭɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ: ɬɟɤɫɬ “Two Norwegians Rowed across the Atlantic Ocean”.
3. Ʌɟɤɫɢɤɚ: ɬɟɤɫɬ “Christopher Columbus” ɢ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ.
4. Ʌɟɤɫɢɤɨ-ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɬɟɫɬ.
1.1 Grammar: the Verb to be (See section “Grammar”, G.11)
Ex. 1 Put the sentences into the Past Indefinite and the Future Indefinite
Tenses (See “Grammar”, G.11, G.11.1).
1. He is very busy.
2. She is in London on business trip.
3. I am a post-graduate at the University.
4. It is very kind of you.
5. You are a good mathematician.
6. We are glad to meet you.
7. They are at the lecture.
8. This method is correct and reliable.
9. Universities are great educational and scientific centres.
10. New experiments are always interesting.
11. All shops are open on week-ends.
12. He is interested in mathematics.
13. They are good at English.
14. She is fond of tennis.
Ex. 2 Put the sentences into interrogative and negative forms (See “Grammar”, G.11, G.11.1).
1. He is a post-graduate.
2. They are in the workshop now.
3. She was in the chemical laboratory a week ago.
4. You were there last year.
5. They will be at the plant tomorrow.
16 Section 2:Marine Voyages
6. I will be an engineer in 5 years.
7. They will be good at chemistry.
8. The new shop was open yesterday.
9. She is fond of tennis.
Ex. 3 Translate the sentences paying attention to the different forms of the
verb to be (See “Grammar”, G.11, G.11.1).
1. He is usually at home on Sundays.
2. I am not sure that he is right.
3. You are always late.
4. She is very happy in her family life.
5. We are good friends now, but only a year ago we were on bad terms.
6. They are sociable and easy to deal with.
7. Computer is one of the most important developments of our century.
8. Computers are electronic systems.
9. Second generation computers were smaller than their earlier types.
10. The invention was of great importance for the whole mankind.
11. He was on business trip last month.
12. The main task was to choose the proper equipment.
13. I will be very grateful to you if you accept my invitation.
14. They will be here in time.
15. The equipment will be safe here.
16. Robots are ideal workers.
17. In ancient Rus monasteries were centres of theoretical knowledge.
18. We will be glad to visit you.
19. Will you be so kind as to show me to the theatre?
20. This kind of work will be both interesting and helpful.
Ex. 4 Fill in the blanks with the suitable form of the verb to be (See “Gram-
mar”, G.11, G.11.1).
1. His father … a well-known actor.
2. I … an engineer now, but ten years ago I … a student at the Technical Univer-
sity.
3. My new flat … big and comfortable.
4. Last year he … in the USA.
5. Our laboratories … new and modern, but some equipment … quite out-of-date.
6. In the past they … close friends, but now their relations … rather cool.
7. I … an engineer in five years.
8. Next month our delegation … in France.
9. In future our contacts … permanent and stable.
10. Yesterday the meeting … long and boring, but I hope it … more interesting
tomorrow.
Unit 1.Christopher Columbus’ Voyages 17
11. I don’t know what the results of the last experiment …, but I … quite sure they
… correct next time.
12. Who … responsible for this kind of work today?
13. I … very glad to see you next Sunday.
14. You … as beautiful as you … many years ago.
Ex. 5 Make up sentences, using the verb to be in different forms according
to the model (See “Grammar”, G.11, and G.11.1).
Model: Columbus, a sailor, became, when, 14, he, (to be).
Columbus became a sailor when he was 14.
1. America, an unknown land, earlier, (to be).
2. Columbus, a tall man, (to be).
3. Young men, the University, entered, this year. Now, students, they, (to be).
4. The experiments, last week, were carried out. The results, unexpected, of the
experiments, (to be).
5. Engineers, they, in 5 years, (to be).
6. The world, round, (to be).
7. I, he, sure, a nice man, (to be), (to be).
8. Hope, the weather, I, good, on Sunday, (to be).
9. In 1999, she, a stewardess, (to be).
10. He, of a shipbuilding plant, the manager, (to be).
1.2 Listening
Ex. 6 Get acquainted with new words and some geographical names.
to row – ɝɪɟɫɬɢ the Atlantic Ocean
to get on – ɩɨɠɢɜɚɬɶ New York
nightmare – ɤɨɲɦɚɪ port of Havre
France
Ex. 7 Listen to the text “Two Norwegians Rowed across the Atlantic
Ocean”.
Ex. 8 Test you.
1. What ocean did 2 Norwegians row across?
a) the Pacific Ocean b) the Atlantic Ocean c) the Indian Ocean
2. How did they cross the Ocean?
a) they rowed across b) they floated across c) they railed across
3. How did the trip finish?
a) one of the rower died b) both of the rower died
c) they returned alive
18 Section 2:Marine Voyages
1.3 Speech Pattern
1.3.1 Active Vocabulary
Ex. 9 Learn the words from your active vocabulary.
to intend – ɧɚɦɟɪɟɜɚɬɶɫɹ
common – ɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ, ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɵɣ
seaman – ɦɚɬɪɨɫ
sailor – ɦɨɪɹɤ
to steer – ɜɟɫɬɢ ɫɭɞɧɨ
to chart – ɧɚɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɭ
voyage – ɩɭɬɟɲɟɫɬɜɢɟ
mate – ɩɨɦɨɳɧɢɤ
to own – ɜɥɚɞɟɬɶ; ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ
to sail – ɩɥɵɬɶ
to border – ɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɶ
battleship – ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɤɨɪɚɛɥɶ
rival – ɫɨɩɟɪɧɢɱɚɸɳɢɣ
exploration – ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ
coast – ɩɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɟ
to make a fortune – ɪɚɡɛɨɝɚɬɟɬɶ
to lose a fortune – ɪɚɡɨɪɢɬɶɫɹ
to sink (sank, sunk) – ɬɨɧɭɬɶ
plank – ɞɨɫɤɚ
to fall off – ɩɚɞɚɬɶ
flat – ɩɥɨɫɤɢɣ
to guess – ɭɡɧɚɜɚɬɶ
to prove – ɞɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ
venture – ɧɚɱɢɧɚɧɢɟ, ɪɢɫɤɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɞɟɥɨ
supply – ɡɚɩɚɫ
goods – ɬɨɜɚɪɵ
to trade – ɬɨɪɝɨɜɚɬɶ
faith – ɜɟɪɚ
ragged – ɨɞɟɬɵɣ ɜ ɥɨɯɦɨɬɶɹ
penniless – ɛɟɡ ɞɟɧɟɝ
to set out
messenger
– ɨɬɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ
– ɩɨɫɵɥɶɧɵɣ
to beg – ɩɪɨɫɢɬɶ, ɭɦɨɥɹɬɶ
gift – ɩɨɞɚɪɨɤ
to sight – ɡɚɦɟɱɚɬɶ
to climb – ɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɬɶɫɹ
rigging – ɬɚɤɟɥɚɠ
drifting – ɩɥɵɜɭɳɢɣ ɩɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɸ; ɞɪɟɣɮ
deck – ɩɚɥɭɛɚ
Unit 1.Christopher Columbus’ Voyages 19
to peer – ɜɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ
Ex. 10 Translate from English into Russian the following words and wordcombinations:
To intend, to intend to beco me, to intend to stay, to become a seaman, to become a sailor, to stay a common seaman, to steer a ship, to steer a ship by the stars,
to make map, to chart voyage, to chart a ship’s voyage, strange water, to chart a
ship’s voyage through strange water, mate, chief mate, captain mate, second captain mate, to sail to Africa, not to sail to India, to border the Europe, to border the
Pacific Ocean, to fight with pirates, a battleship, own battleship, to own the battleship, to command the battleship, rival city, rival army, rival country, exploration of
lands, the voyage of exploration, exploration of the coast, the coast of Asia, the
coast of the Indian Ocean, to make fortunes in business, to make fortunes at sea, to
lose fortunes in business, to lose fortunes at sea, to sink, to sink to the bottom,
plank, the end of the plank, to fall off the plank, flat like a plank, to guess, to try to
guess, to guess the mystery, to prove, to prove the truth, to arrange a venture, to
pay for a venture, supply of meat, supply of bread, supply of goods, to trade goods,
to trade on the market, to trade with foreigners, to have faith, by faith and truth,
rich in faith, , ragged and penniless person, to set out to walk, to set out to France,
royal messengers, swift arrow, swift horse, swift bullet, vast field, vast land, vast
water, frightened horse, frightened man, frightened sailors, to beg pardon, to beg
money, to present gift, rich gift, dear gift, to sight a land, to sight sunlight, to climb
mountains, to climb to the ship deck, to climb to the rigging, drifting ice, drifting
boat, drifting weeds, to stand on the deck, a ship deck, to peer into darkness, to
peer into faraway place, a gateway, the gateway to the Europe, the gateway to India.
Ex. 11 Correlate the two columns.
1. common seaman
2. to steer a ship by the stars
3. to border different lands
4. to trade supplies and goods
5. flat like a plank
6. ragged, penniless, but rich in faith
7. to set out to the West
8. to climb to the ship deck
9. to sight drifting weeds
10. vast water space
11. to guess the truth
12. to lose a fortune
13. to own bookshop
14. to chart the unknown lands
15. a bit of paper
ɚ) ɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɚɥɭɛɭ ɤɨɪɚɛɥɹ
ɛ) ɧɚɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɭ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɟ
ɡɟɦɥɢ
ɜ) ɬɨɪɝɨɜɚɬɶ ɡɚɩɚɫɚɦɢ ɢ ɬɨɜɚɪɚɦɢ
ɝ
) ɨɛɲɢɪɧɨɟ ɜɨɞɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ
ɞ) ɪɚɡɨɪɢɬɶɫɹ
ɟ) ɨɛɨɪɜɚɧɧɵɟ, ɛɟɡ ɞɟɧɟɝ, ɧɨ ɩɨɥɧɵe
ɜɟɪɵ
ɠ) ɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɞɪɟɣɮɭɸɳɭɸ ɫɨɪɧɭɸ
ɬɪɚɜɭ
ɡ) ɜɥɚɞɟɬɶ ɤɧɢɠɧɨɣ ɥɚɜɤɨɣ
ɢ) ɩɥɨɫɤɢɣ, ɤɚɤ ɞɨɫɤɚ
ɤ) ɜɟɫɬɢ ɤɨɪɚɛɥɶ ɩɨ ɡɜɟɡɞɚɦ
ɥ) ɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ ɦɚɬɪɨɫ
ɦ) ɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɶ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɡɟɦɥɹɦɢ
20 Section 2:Marine Voyages
ɧ) ɨɬɩɪɚɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɡɚɩɚɞ
ɨ) ɭɡɧɚɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɞɭ
ɩ) ɤɥɨɱɨɤ ɛɭɦɚɝɢ
Ex. 12 Make up your own sentences with the following word-combinations:
To intend to become an engineer, to chart strange countries, to sink during
the fight with pirates, exploration of the coast bordered the Asian part of the Pacific Ocean, to fall off the flat plank, to set out the long voyage on the vast strange
water space, to climb the ship deck, to offer gold and rich gifts.
1.3.2 The Text “Christopher Columbus”
Ex. 13 Remind some proper and geographical names.
Christopher Columbus, India, the Mediterranean Sea, Europe, Africa, Western Asia, Genoa, Venice, South Africa, North Europe, coast of Portugal, Lisbon,
the Great Sea of Darkness, doctor Toscanelli, Spain, God, King John of Portugal,
King Ferdinand of Spain, France, Queen Isabella, Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria, Palos,
the Canary Islands.
Ex. 14 Read and translate the text “Christopher Columbus”.
CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS
1. The youth of Columbus
Christopher became a sailor when he was fourteen. He was tall, and his
shoulders were broad. But Christopher did not intend to stay a common seaman.
He asked questions. He learned how to steer a ship by the stars, how to make maps
and how to chart a ship’s voyage through strange waters. He was made the second
captain mate, then the first mate, then captain in his own right. He did not sail to
India, but he sailed to all the different lands that bordered
the Mediterranean Sea – Europe, Africa, and Western Asia.
He had bloody fights with pirates.
When he was twenty-four or so, he commanded a
battleship for the city of Genoa in a war against the rival
city Venice. He went on voyages of exploration south along
the coast of Africa, north along the coast of Europe.
Some men made fortunes at sea. Others lost them. In
a terrible storm of the coast of Portugal, Christopher’s ship
sank to the bottom, and Christopher lost everything he
owned. He did not even have money to get home.
2. The dream of Columbus
He soon found work as a mapmaker in a bookshop in the Portuguese city of
Lisbon. Scholars came to the bookshop, and teachers and travelers. Christopher
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]