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Файл:Английский язык для транспортных специальностей вузов. Т.1. Базовый профессиональный курс. Учебное пособие
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ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ 5.Keys to the Comprehensions 261
Ex. 29
1. there is, 2. there are, 3. is there, 4. are there, 5. there wasn’t, 6. there was, 7. were there, 8.
there is, 9. there are, 10. there is, 11. there will be, 12. there was
Ex. 30
1. Is there a cat in the window? 2. Are there a few changes in the text? 3. Are there plenty of
glasses in the cupboard? 4. Were there a lot of people at the stadium? 5. Is there anything on the
plate? 6. Was there anybody in the room? 7. Are there difficult exercises in this book? 8. Is there
anything on the shelf? 9. Will there be any interesting programmes on TV tomorrow? 10. Are
there several empty seats in the room? 11. Were there any pears on the plate?
Ex. 31
1. The Titanic disaster happened in April, 1912. 2. The tickets were expensive even for the third-
class passengers. 3. There were over 2000 passengers on the ship. 4. People thought The Titanic
the safest ship. 5. The sea was calm and smooth. 6. Icebergs appeared at night. 7. The Titanic
struck with a huge iceberg. 8. Most of the passengers were dancing and laughing when the disaster happened. 9. The Californian passed nearby and saw eight white rockets. 10. The passengers
run to the deck in pajamas and nightgowns. 11. There were not enough lifeboats on the ship. 12.
Many people were drowned. 13. The Titanic sank.
To Unit 4:
Ex. 31
1. a, 2. –, 3. –, 4. a / the / –, 5. – / a, 6. – / –, 7. –, 8. –, 9. the / a / the / the, 10. –
Ex. 32
1. a, 2. b, 3. –, 4. the, 5. c, 6. a, 7. c, 8. a, 9. –, 10. a
Ex. 33
game, children, foot, shelves, sister-in-law, tomatoes, datum, keys, lorry, office managers, box
Ex. 34
1. Thor Heyerdahl is famous for his daring Kon Tiki expedition. 2. The expedition hunted for a
lost civilization. 3. The expedition crossed the Pacific Ocean on the balsa raft. 4. The explorer
led excavation work in cooperation with Peruvian archeologists. 5. The expedition found pyramids in mounds. 6. The archeologists found gold masks in the pyramids.
To Unit 5:
Ex. 28
1. farther, 2. farther, 3. worse, 4. lesser, 5. latest, 6. further, 7. well, 8. latest, 9. eldest, 10.
smaller, 11. less, 12. elder, 13. most, 14. better, 15. better, 16. farthest, 17. oldest, 18. elder, 19.
least, 20. most
Ex. 29
1. the most interesting book, 2. the most popular, 3. the most outstanding, 4. the most important,
5. the cleverest, 6. bigger size, 7. more interested, 8. easier, 9. quieter, 10. more crowded, 11.
earlier, 12. more often, 13. more expensive, 14. nearer
Ex. 30
1. The train isn’t so fast as the bus. 2. My flat is as big as her flat. 3. His voice isn’t so brilliant as
Caruso’s. 4. The pound isn’t so deep as the river. 5. Your typing as fast as hers. 6. This lecture is
as interesting as that lecture. 7. This hat isn’t so beautiful as that hat. 8. His article isn’t so long
as her article.
262 ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ 5. Keys to the Comprehensions
Ex. 31
1. fainter, fainter, 2. more intelligent, 3. most practical, 4. more advanced, young, 5. latest, 6.
good, better, 7. more angry, 8. wiser, 9. more, more complex, 10. cleverest, 11. good, better, 12.
worse, 13. nearest, 14. last, 15. longer, shorter, 16. tallest, 17. more amusing, 18. younger
Ex. 32
1. He is more busy then you. 2. This year was the most difficult for us. 3. Have you read his last
article? 4. You are as beautiful as your mother. 5. It’s easier for me to know the truth. 6. Last
winter wasn’t so cold as this one. 7. The more we read, the more we know about our world. 8. I
am an old man already, I’m twice older than you.
Ex.33
1. water, 2. weigh, 3. a great deal, 4. widening, narrow, 5. slowly, engine, 6. horsepower, 7. end,
century, 8. promotes, 9. round, island, 10. capacity, 11. proved, 12. size, 13. timber, 14. like, 15.
reliable
To Unit 6:
Ex.28
1. 268 metres long, 55 metres high, 9 docks; 2. 400 mln American dollars; 3. 50 000 dollars for
st
the 1
-class apartments; 1 424 dollars for the 1st-class passengers; 600 for the 2nd-class passengers; 460 dollars for the 3
lives
Ex. 29
1. b, 2. b, 3. c, 4. d, 5. c, 6. c, 7. b, 8. b, 9. b, 10. a, 11. c, 12. b
d
-class passengers; 4. 2 227 people, lifeboats for 1 100; 5. about 1 500
Ex. 30
1. a quarter, 2. a half, 3. a half, 4. three quarters
Ex. 31
1. c, 2. b, 3. a, 4. c, 5. a, 6. a, 7. b, 8. c, 9. a, 10. b
Ex. 32
1. roads, 2. licencing, safety, 3. weight, volume, shipment, 4. van, pickup truck, 5. truck, 6. donkey carts, 7. vehicles, 8. passengers, 9. high traffic density, 10. domesticated, 11. medieval, tar,
12. designed, highways, 13. involves
To Unit 7:
Ex. 45
1. b, 2. a, 3. a, b, 4. b, 5. a, c, 6. a, 7. c, 8. b, 9. b, 10. b, a, 11. b, 12. b, 13. b, 14. b, 15. c, 16. c
Ex. 46
1. any, 2. any, 3. no, 4. no, 5. any, some, 6. any, some, 7. any, 8. no, 9. no, 10. any
Ex. 47
1. much, 2. much, little, 3. little, much, 4. few, 5. much, few, 6. little, little, 7. many, few, 8. a
few, 9. a little, 10. much
Ex. 48
1. anybody, 2. anything, 3. nothing, 4. something, 5. somebody, 6. nobody, 7. nothing, 8. everybody, 9. somebody, 10. nothing
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ 5.Keys to the Comprehensions 263
Ex. 49
1. her, 2. it, 3. it, her, 4. him, 5. her, 6. them, 7. him, 8. he, it
Ex. 50
1. They are his. 2. It’s mine. 3. They are hers. 4. They are theirs. 5. It’s yours. 6. They are ours.
7. They are theirs. 8. It’s hers.
Ex. 51
1. himself, 2. myself, 3. themselves, 4. ourselves, 5. themselves, 6. themselves, 7. ourselves
Ex. 52
1. Any airport has its infrastructure. 2. In the airport airplanes can receive maintenance, restock,
load and unload and refuel. 3. The majority of the airplanes takes off and land on land. 4. Some
airplanes can take off and land on ice, snow and calm water. 5. Airplane is the second fastest
means of transportation. 6. Commercial jets can reach up to 900 km per hour. 7. Aviation is able
to transport passengers quickly. 8. Airplanes transport limited cargo amounts on various distances. 9. Helicopters are used to transport cargoes and passengers on shorter distances. 10.
Aviation incurs high costs for cargo transportation. 11. Air transportation is the most secure type
of cargo transportation. 12. Stability with air companies’ performance guarantees high service,
safety and high speed of delivery and low tariffs.
To Unit 8:
Ex. 33
1. different, 2. differently, 3. exact, 4. exactly, 5. perfectly, 6. perfect, 7. slowly, quietly, 8. quiet,
slow, 9. serious, 10. seriously, 11. simple, 12. simply, 13. hard, 14. hardly, 15. nearly, 16. near,
17. lately, 18. late, 19. widely
Ex. 34
1. more, sooner, 2. later, 3. the best, 4. worse, 5. farther, 6. the worst, 7. more quickly, 8. less
Ex. 35
1. deeply, 2. thoroughly, 3. highly, 4. wide, 5. strongly, hardly, 6. soon, 7. clearly, 8. heavily, 9.
loudly, long, 10. easier
Ex. 36
1. It is pretty difficult to speak to her. The hall was prettily decorated. 2. I saw a plane high in the
sky. The idea seems highly improbable. 3. We have heard very little of him lately. He usually
comes home late after classes. 4. I can hardly understand what he is saying. You must work hard
at your spelling. 5. We were nearly late. We made sure it was safe before we went near. 6. I love
my son dearly. They sell these coats dear.
Ex. 37
1. c, 2. b, 3. a, 4. c, 5. b, 6. b
Ex. 38
1. e, 2. j, 3. c, 4. h, 5. a, 6. f, 7. b, 8. d, 9. g, 10. i
Ex. 39
1. dates back, 2. moving, 3. railways, 4. at least, 5. spread, 6. wooden, 7. transport, 8. rails, cargoes, 9. cast iron, 10. flanged, 11. draw, 12. invented, 13. public, 14. linked, 15. network, applied, 16. increased, 17. under the ground, 18. means, 19. carrying, transport
264 ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ 5. Keys to the Comprehensions
To Unit 9:
Ex. 27
1. in, 2. in, at, from, 3. in, out, 4. in, 5. to, 6. near (by), 7. in, 8. from, 9. from, 10. out of, on
Ex. 28
1. in front of, 2. behind, 3. near (by), 4. over, 5. below, 6. above, 7. over, 8. above, 9. between,
10. among, 11. round, 12. to, to, 13. to, 14. to, 15. to, to, to
Ex. 29
1. for, 2. at, in, 3. in, 4. on, at, 5. on, 6. at, to, 7. on, 8. in, 9. till, 10. at
Ex. 30
1. at, 2. in, 3. for (during), 4. on, 5. since, 6. at, 7. for (during), 8. before, after, 9. in, 10. at
Ex. 31
1. in front of, 2. in spite of, 3. instead of, 4. because of, 5. in spite of, 6. by means of
Ex. 32
1. b, 2. c, 3. b, 4. a, 5. a, 6. c, 7. a, 8. b, 9. a, 10. b, 11. a, 12. c, 13. a
To Unit 10:
Ex. 26
1. Yes, I’ve got a brown one. 2. Yes, she’s got a yellow one. 3. Yes, they’ve got a blue one. 4.
Yes, she’s got a new grey one. 5. Yes she’s got a gold one. 6. Yes, Peggy’s got a white one. 7.
Yes, the boys have got a green one. 8. Yes, Kate’s got a new pink one. 9. Yes, Jim’s got new
brown ones. 10. Yes, Jane’s got a new pair of black ones. 11. Yes, Paul has got silk green and
red ones.
Ex. 27
1. Do you mean the black one? 2. Do you mean the small one? 3. Do you mean the English
ones? 4. Do you mean the yellow one? 5. Do you mean the big ones? 6. Do you mean the brown
ones? 7. Do you mean the new one? 8. Do you mean the long one?
Ex. 28
1. b, 2. c, 3. a, 4. c, 5. b
Ex. 29
ɫɚɦɨɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ, ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɟ ɬɨɜɚɪɵ, ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɨɩɨɬɨɤ, ɤɨɦɩɨɧɨɜɤɚ ɩɨɪɬɚ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɝɚɜɚɧɢ, ɛɵɬɶ ɝɢɛɤɢɦ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɦ ɤ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ,
ɩɨɞɩɨɪɧɚɹ ɫɬɟɧɚ, ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɪɬɨɜɵɟ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ (ɩɪɢɫɬɚɧɢ, ɩɢɪɫɵ ɢ ɩɪɢɱɚɥɵ), ɫɤɥɚɞ
(ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ), ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɚ ɫɭɞɧɚ, ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɢ
Ex. 30
locations of geographic advantage, for trade and prospects for future industrial development, a mutually beneficial influence, the commercial justification, for landing, used for berthing
vessels on one side, types of piers and their dimensions, to accommodate two vessels readily,
room for the entry and departure of quay, with the expansion of world trade, an everpressing
need, hinterland, cargo handling, oil and gas reserves in sea, to perform drilling
To Unit 11:
Ex. 30
1. The student works in the laboratory every day. 2. My child goes to school. 3. He gets new
books from the library every month. 4. She usually visits her grandparents on week-ends. 5. The
postman brings newspapers twice a day. 6. You know many English words. 7. My friend takes
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ 5.Keys to the Comprehensions 265
English lessons three times a week. 8. The pupil repeats new rules before the lesson. 9. I usually
read newspapers in the evening. 10. The worker comes to the factory at 8 o’clock.
Ex. 31
1. started, 2. leaves, 3. stay, 4. will finish, 5. came, 6. writes, 7. reads, 8. speak, 9. put, went, 10.
went, 11 read, 12. will wait, 13. will bring, 14. will work, 15. will become, 16. would return, 17.
would come, 18. would send, 19. would arrive, 20. would join
Ex. 32
1. g), 2. c), 3. k), 4. n), 5. q), 6. h), 7. b), 8. f), 9. o), 10. m), 11. d), 12. r), 13. p), 14. j), 15. i), 16.
l), 17. e), 18. a)
Ex. 33
1. a, 2. b, 3. c, 4. c, 5. b, 6. a, 7. c, 8. b, 9. c, 10. c, 11. b, 12. b, 13. a, 14. b, 15. c, 16. c, 17. c, 18.
b, 19. a, 20. b
To Unit 12:
Ex. 33
1. was laughing, was going on, 2. are you talking, are you discussing, 3. are you leaving, 4. will
you speak, 5. wears, doesn’t see, 6. are you wearing, 7. is living, is looking, 8. was sitting, 9.
saw, was trying, 10. was writing, wrote / was writing, 11. were walking, was getting, 12. are
leaving, is getting, 13. see, 14. will hear, 15. ’ll be, ’ll be watching, 16. was waiting , 17. was trying, 18. rains, was raining, was raining
Ex. 34
1. b, 2. b, 3. a, 4. c, 5. b, 6. b, 7. a, 8. a, 9. b, 10. a, 11. b, 12. b, 13. b, 14. b, 15. b, 16. a, 17. b, 18.
b, 19. a, 20. a, 21. b
Ex. 35
1. Cargo ships may be divided into universal ships suitable to carry principal any types of cargo
and specialized ships encouraged to carry one type of cargo or even one special cargo (for example, ore, livestock, wine, orange juice, etc.). 2. Among specialized ships one can mark specialized ships encouraged to carry one container or to service special routes, and combined vessels
encouraged to carry different cargoes and different types of cargo. 3. In recent 20 years there are
three main trends in developing specialized vessels: first, ships with specialized heavy and bulk
cargo handling facilities (that is, specialized vessels), second, horizontal loading / unloading
ships, third, container ships. 4. The further development of universal ships is multi-purpose vessels designed to carry several types of cargo. 5. In future the quantity of specialized ships will
grow constantly. However, improved universal ships with modern requirements will be constructed.
To Unit 13:
Ex. 37
1. depending on the mode of transportation, 2. Owing to their origin; bulk, dangerous, 3. at the
most ports worldwide, 4. Containerized cargoes, 5. as freight, 6. many commercial planes suitable for, 7. Under the right circumstances; economic and energy efficient, 8. transshipment costs,
9. from one mode to another, 10. There are many businesses
Ex. 38
1. have done, 2. have moved, 3. has happened, 4. has refused, 5. has finished, 6. have traveled,
have been, 7. have been, have visited, 8. had finished, 9. had changed (would have changed), 10.
266 ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ 5. Keys to the Comprehensions
had stopped, 11. had tested, 12. will have made, 13. will have completed, 14. will have repaired,
15. will have happened
Ex. 39
1. have been ringing, 2. have been playing, 3. has been working, 4. have been discussing, 5. had
been doing, 6. hadn’t been raining, 7. had been practicising, 8. had been working out, 9. will
have been testing, 10. would have been testing
Ex. 40
1. c, 2. b, 3. b, 4. a, 5. b, 6. c, 7. a, 8. b, 9. b, 10. c, 11. b, 12. a, 13. b, 14. a, 15. b, 16. a, 17. b, 18.
c, 19. a, 20. c, 21. c, 22. c, 23. a, 24. b, 25. c, 26. b, 27. b, 28. b, 29. a, 30. b, 31. a, 32. b, 33. a,
34. a, 35. a, 36. a, 37. c, 38. a, 39. a, 40. b, 41 a, 42 b, 43 c
Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ 267
ɁȺɄɅɘɑȿɇɂȿ
ȼɵ ɡɚɤɨɧɱɢɥɢ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɬɨɦɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ. ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɬɨɦ ɞɚɟɬ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦɭ ɹɡɵɤɭ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣ.
ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɬɨɦ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɦ ɹɡɵɤɨɦ ɩɨɷɬɚɩɧɨ, ɩɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɭ «ɨɬ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɤ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɦɭ».
ȼɫɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɵ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɜɢɞɨɜ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ, ɱɬɟɧɢɹ, ɝɨɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ, ɚɭɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɢɫɶɦɚ.
ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɵ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ
ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ,
ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɢɯ ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɬɟɯ ɜɭɡɚɯ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɧɢ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɬ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ.
268 Ɉɛ ɚɜɬɨɪɚɯ
ɈȻ ȺȼɌɈɊȺɏ
Ɍɚɪɚɧɭɯɚ ɇɢɤɨɥɚɣ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɟɟɜɢɱ
Ɂɚɫɥɭɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤ ɜɵɫɲɟɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ, ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ, ɡɚɜɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɨɣ ɤɨɪɚɛɥɟɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ Ʉɨɦɫɨɦɨɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ-ɧɚ-Ⱥɦɭɪɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ, ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɤ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ
ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨɣ Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɱɥɟɧ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɋɨɜɟɬɚ ɩɨ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨ-ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɧɵɦ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɦ (Ⱥɧɝɥɢɹ).
Ⱥɜɬɨɪ ɛɨɥɟɟ 170 ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɞɨɜ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ, ɢɡɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ
ɋɒȺ, Ⱥɧɝɥɢɢ, Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɢɢ, Ȼɟɥɶɝɢɢ, Ȼɨɥɝɚɪɢɢ, ɉɨɥɶɲɟ, Ʉɨɪɟɟ,
Ʉɢɬɚɟ. Ⱥɜɬɨɪ ɫɟɦɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɣ ɢ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɣ.
Ɉɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ – ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ
ɬɜɟɪɞɨɝɨ ɬɟɥɚ, ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ. ȼɥɚɞɟɟɬ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɦ ɢ
ɧɟɦɟɰɤɢɦ ɹɡɵɤɚɦɢ. Ⱦɟɥɚɥ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɵ ɜ ɋɒȺ, Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɢɢ, Ȼɟɥɶɝɢɢ, ɇɨɪɜɟɝɢɢ, Ȼɨɥɝɚɪɢɢ, Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ Ʉɨɪɟɹ. ȼɟɥ ɧɚɭɱɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɥ ɜ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚɯ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ,
Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɢɢ, ɉɨɥɶɲɢ ɢ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ Ʉɨɪɟɹ.
Ɉɤɨɧɱɢɥ Ɉɬɤɪɵɬɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɛɪɢɬɚɧɢɢ ɩɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬ ɢɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɚ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɬɶɸɬɨɪɚ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɟɬ ɤɭɪɫɵ ɩɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɭ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɚɦɢ ɢ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɨɦ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ
ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ.
ɋ 1982 ɝɨɞɚ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɨɣ ɤɨɪɚɛɥɟɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɄɧȺȽɌɍ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɸɳɟɣ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɨɣ ɩɨ ɞɜɭɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɹɦ: «Ʉɨɪɚɛɥɟɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ» ɢ «Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɟ (ɜɨɞɧɨɦ)». ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɵ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɢɡɭɱɚɸɬ ɜɫɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ. Ɍɪɢ ɝɨɞɚ
ɪɚɛɨɬɚɥ ɞɟɤɚɧɨɦ ɤɨɪɚɛɥɟɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɚ ɢ ɞɟɫɹɬɶ ɥɟɬ ɩɪɨɪɟɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɨ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ
ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɄɧȺȽɌɍ.
E-mail: taranukha@knastu.ru
.
ɉɟɪɲɢɧɚ ȿɥɟɧɚ ɘɪɶɟɜɧɚ
ɋɬɚɪɲɢɣ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ Ʉɨɦɫɨɦɨɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ-ɧɚ-Ⱥɦɭɪɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ. Ⱥɜɬɨɪ ɛɨɥɟɟ 20
ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɪɭɞɨɜ.
Ɉɤɨɧɱɢɥɚ ɇɨɜɨɤɭɡɧɟɰɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ, ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ. ɉɪɨɜɨɞɢɬ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɫɨ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚɦɢ, ɛɚɤɚɥɚɜɪɚɦɢ ɢ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɦɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ «Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ
ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɟ», «Ʉɨɪɚɛɥɟɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɤɟɚɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ», «ɉɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ», «Ƚɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɤɚɞɚɫɬɪ», «Ɂɟɦɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɚɞɚɫɬɪ», «ɗɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɚ ɧɟɞɜɢɠɢɦɨɫɬɢ», «Ɏɢɧɚɧɫɵ ɢ
ɤɪɟɞɢɬ», «Ȼɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɢɣ ɭɱɟɬ ɢ ɚɭɞɢɬ», «Ɇɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ», «Ʉɨɦɦɟɪɰɢɹ», «Ɏɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɚɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɚ», «Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɫɚɦɨɥɟɬɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɟɪɬɨɥɟɬɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ» ɢ «Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ».
Ɂɚɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ
ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ, ɜɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ «Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɧɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɟ».
E-mail: g.curl@mail.ru
.
ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ 269
ɋɉɂɋɈɄ ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɇɕɏ ɂɋɌɈɑɇɂɄɈȼ
1. Ⱥɧɞɪɢɚɧɨɜɚ, Ʌ. ɇ. Ʉɭɪɫ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɜɟɱɟɪɧɢɯ ɢ ɡɚɨɱɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɭɡɨɜ: ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ / Ʌ. ɇ. Ⱥɧɞɪɢɚɧɨɜɚ, ɇ. ɘ. Ȼɚɝɪɨɜɚ, ɗ. ȼ. ȿɪɲɨɜɚ. – 6-ɟɢɡɞ., ɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩ. – Ɇ.: ȼɵɫɲ. ɲɤ., 2004. – 464 ɫ.
2. Ƚɨɥɢɰɵɧɫɤɢɣ, ɘ. Ȼ. Ƚɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɤɚ: ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɣ. – 3-ɟɢɡɞ. – ɋɉɛ.:
ɄȺɊɈ, 2001. – 512 ɫ.
3. Ⱦɪɨɡɞɨɜɚ, Ɍ. ɘ. English Grammar: Reference and Practice: ɍɱɟɛɧ. ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ
ɞɥɹ ɫɬɚɪɲɟɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɤɨɜ ɲɤɨɥ ɢ ɝɢɦɧɚɡɢɣ, ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɟɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɯ ɜɭɡɨɜ ɫ
ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɚɧɝɥ. ɹɡ. / Ɍ. ɘ. Ⱦɪɨɡɞɨɜɚ, Ⱥ. ɂ. Ȼɟɪɟɫɬɨɜɚ, ȼ. Ƚ.
Ɇɚɢɥɨɜɚ. – 6-ɟɢɡɞ., ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛ. ɢɞ
ɨɩ. – ɋɉɛ.: ɈɈɈ «ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ «ɏɢɦɟɪɚ»,
2000. – 360 ɫ.
4. Ʉɢɬɚɟɜɢɱ, Ȼ. ȿ. Ɇɨɪɫɤɢɟ ɝɪɭɡɨɜɵɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ: ɍɱɟɛɧ. ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɩɨ ɚɧɝɥ. ɹɡ. /
Ȼ. ȿ. Ʉɢɬɚɟɜɢɱ, Ⱥ. ɂ. Ʉɨɪɨɥɟɧɤɨ, Ɇ. ə. Ʉɚɥɢɧɨɜɫɤɚɹ. – 2-ɟɢɡɞ. ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛ. ɢ
ɞɨɩ. – Ɇ.: ɊɨɫɄɨɧɫɭɥɶɬ, 1999. – 160 ɫ.
5. Ʉɨɡɥɨɜɚ, ɇ. Ƚ. ɍɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɤɟ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧ-
ɬɨɜ ɧɟɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣ: ɍɱɟɛɧ. ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ. - Ʉɨɦɫɨɦɨɥɶɫɤ-ɧɚȺɦɭɪɟ: ȽɈɍȼɉɈ «ɄɧȺȽɌɍ», 2003. – 104 ɫ.
6. Ɇɚɬɸɲɤɢɧɚ-Ƚɟɪɤɟ, Ɍ. ɂ. Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɪɚɦɦɚ-
ɬɢɤɟ
ɤ ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤɭ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɞɥɹ 1 ɤɭɪɫɚ ɮɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɨɜ. / Ɍ. ɂ. Ɇɚɬɸɲɤɢɧɚ-Ƚɟɪɤɟ, Ɍ. ɇ. Ʉɭɡɶɦɢɱɟɜɚ, Ʌ. Ʌ. ɂɜɚɧɨɜɚ. – Ɇ.:
Ƚɂɋ, 2002. – 202 ɫ.
7. Ɇɟɲɤɨɜ, Ɉ. ɉɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɦ ɩɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɭ ɫ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɧɚ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣ. / Ɉ.
Ɇɟɲɤɨɜ, Ɇ. Ʌɷɦɛɟɪɬ. – Ɇ.: ɇȼɂ-ɌȿɁȺɍɊɍɋ, 2000. – 116 ɫ.
8. Ɇɢɧɶɹɪ-Ȼɟɥɨɪɭɱɟɜɚ, Ⱥ. ɉ. 300 ɬɟɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɤɟ. – Ɇ.: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ «Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ Ʌɢɰɟɣ», 1996. – 60 ɫ.
9. Ɇɢɬɢɧɚ, ɂ. ȿ. Ⱦɟɥɨɜɨɣ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣ. ɉɭɬɟɲɟɫɬɜɢɟ: ɍɱɟɛɧ. ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ. / ɋɟɪɢɹ: ɂɡɭɱɚɟɦ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɹɡɵɤɢ. – ɋɉɛ.: Ʌɟɧɢɡɞɚɬ; ɢɡɞ-ɜɨ «ɋɨɸɡ», 2001.
– 320 ɫ.
10. ɉɚɥɨɰɤɢɣ, ȼ. Ɇ. ɉɪɨɜɟɪɶ ɫɜɨɣ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣ: ɉɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɢ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɚɧɝɥ. ɹɡ. – ɋɉɛ.: ɄȺɊɈ, 2001. – 256 ɫ.
11. ɉɟɪɲɢɧɚ, ȿ. ɘ. Ⱥɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ «Ɉɪɝɚɧɢ-
ɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɟ (ɜɨɞɧɨɦ)». Book 1: ɍɱɟɛɧ.
ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ. – Ʉɨɦɫɨɦɨɥɶɫɤ-ɧɚ-Ⱥɦɭɪɟ: ȽɈɍȼɉɈ «ɄɧȺȽɌɍ», 2004. – 133 ɫ.
12. ɉɟɪɲɢɧɚ, ȿ. ɘ. Ⱥɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ «Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɟ (ɜɨɞɧɨɦ)». Book 2: ɍɱɟɛɧ.
ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ. – Ʉɨɦɫɨɦɨɥɶɫɤ-ɧɚ-Ⱥɦɭɪɟ: ȽɈɍȼɉɈ «ɄɧȺȽɌɍ», 2004. – 85 ɫ.
13. ɉɨɥɹɤɨɜɚ, Ɍ. ɘ. Ⱦɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɢ
ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɏɏ ɜɟɤɚ: ɍɱɟɛɧ. ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ
ɩɨ ɚɧɝɥ. ɹɡ. ɞɥɹ ɫɬ-ɬɨɜ ɬɟɯ. ɜɭɡɨɜ / Ɍ. ɘ. ɉɨɥɹɤɨɜɚ, ȿ. ȼ. ɋɢɧɹɜɫɤɚɹ, Ƚ. Ⱥ.
ɋɟɥɟɡɧɟɜɚ. – Ɇ.: ȼɵɫɲ. ɲɤ., 2004. – 287 ɫ.
14. Ɋɵɠɤɨɜ, ȼ. Ⱦ. Ⱦɟɥɨɜɨɣ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ: Ɇɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬ: ɉɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɩɨ ɢɡɭ-
ɱɟɧɢɸ ɚɧɝɥ. ɹɡ. – Ʉɚɥɢɧɢɧɝɪɚɞ: əɧɬɚɪ. ɫɤɚɡ, 2002. – 256 ɫ.
15. ɋɚɣɩɪɟɫ, Ʌɢɧɞɚ. ɉɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɞɟɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ: ɉɭɬɟɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɩɨ ɦɢɪɭ ɞɟ-
ɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɧɝɥ. – Ɇ.: Ɋɨɥɶɮ, 2001. – 336 ɫ.
270 ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ
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