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Файл:Устный экзамен по английскому языку. Пособие
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TASK 1
Find the English equivalents of the following Russian expressions and put
them down in the right-hand column:
- легко и одновременно сложно
- все дело в выборе и предпочтениях
- следовать стереотипам
- чей вклад является важным
- кто не так широко известен
- как белорусский, так и польский ученый
- движение против царизма за независимость
- стал заниматься исследованием
- окрестности
- его освободили от службы
- по состоянию здоровья
- оставили
в ссылке еще на 14 лет
- лишь в … году ему разрешили вернуться
- снова поехал в Сибирь исследовать
- умер и был похоронен
- поселок в устье реки …
- открытия имеют большое значение
- достаточно вспомнить
- стоянка доисторического человека эпохи палеолита
- вызвала сенсацию
- считалось, что только в Европе
- эволюция рельефа
- его
наградили
- названы в его честь
- на меня произвел большое впечатление
- огромный вклад
- стоит поделиться с вами
TASK 2
Answer the following questions for self-control:
1. Why is it both easy and difficult speaking about outstanding people?
2. What science did Ivan Chersky work in?
221
3. Where did he get his education?
4. Why was he arrested and exiled to Siberia?
5. What kind of studies did Chersky conduct with the local scientists in Siberia?
6. What discovery made by him caused a sensation?
7. What did he create there?
8. What did he research while he live in Irkutsk?
9. What awards did Chersky get for his research?
10. Where did he die?
11. What are his most famous works?
12. How is the name of Ivan Chersky honoured?
Section 2: TEXT FOR COMPREHENSION
TASK 1
Read the text.
§ 1. Milligan looked round the dark and dirty rooms critically, while the
landlady stood behind him, wondering whether he would decide to take them.
She stood with her arms crossed; her eye was observant. She, in her turn, was
looking critically at Milligan, of course. He was a clerk in a travel agency,
and in his spare time he wrote stories for the cinema. What attracted him just
now in the very ordinary rooms was the big folding-doors.
§ 2. All he really needed was a bed-sitting-room, with breakfast, but he
suddenly saw himself sitting in that front room writing his scenarios – successfully at last. It was rather tempting
. He would be a literary man – with a
study! ‘Your price seems a trifle high, Mrs – er – ’ he opened the bargaining.
§ 3. ‘Bostock, sir, Mrs Bostock,’ she informed him, then recited her wor-
ries about the high cost of living. It was unnecessary, for Milligan was not
listening, having already decided in his mind to take the rooms.
§ 4. While Mrs Bostock droned monotonously on, his eye fell casually
upon a picture that hung above the plush mantelpiece – a Chinese scene
showing a man in a boat upon a little lake. He glanced at it, no more than that.
It was better than glancing at Mrs Bostock. The landlady, however, instantly caught that glance and noticed its direction.
§ 5. ‘Me ‘usband’ - she switched off her main theme – ‘brought it ‘ome
from China. From Hong-Kong, I should say.’ And the fact that she pro-
222
nounced the ‘H’ in Hong made Milligan smile. He perceived
that she was
proud of the picture evidently.
§ 6. ‘It’s wonderful,’ he said. ‘Probably it’s worth something, too. These
Chinese drawings – some of ‘em – are very rare, I believe.’
§ 7. The little picture was worth perhaps two shillings, and he knew it;
but he had found his way to Mrs Bostock’s heart, and, incidentally
, had persuaded her to take a shilling off the rent. The picture, he felt sure, had been
stolen by her late
husband, a sea captain. To her it was a kind of nest-egg. If
she ever found herself in difficulties, it would fetch money. Milligan, by
chance, had stumbled upon what he called a ’good line’.
§ 8. Being an honest creature, he had no wish to use his knowledge, but
every week thereafter, almost every day, indeed, some remark concerning the
Chinese drawing passed between them; with the natural result that, while it
bored him a good deal, he cultivated
the theme, and in so doing gazed much
and often at the Chinaman. That Chinese, sitting in the boat with his back to
the room, rowing, rowing eternally
across the peaceful lake without advanc-
ing, he came to know in every detail.
Algernon Blackwood,
TASK 2
Tales of Terror and Darkness
Choose the correct answer.
1. The landlady was looking critically at Milligan (§ 1) in order to find out …
A how much she could ask him for the rooms.
В if he had noticed that the rooms were very dirty.
С if he liked having her for a landlady.
D what sort of man he was.
2. What does the story tell us about Milligan’s scenarios (§ 2)?
A His stories were gradually getting better.
В His stories would eventually be successful.
С So far he had not produced very many stories.
D So far his writing had not had much success.
3. Why did Mrs Bostock recite her worries about the high cost of living (§ 3)?
A To explain to Milligan why she was letting her rooms.
В To find out what Milligan’s opinion on the subject was.
С To make clear to Milligan why she was asking that price.
D To make Milligan believe the rent was really rather low.
223
4. What is meant by ‘the bargaining’ (the end of § 2)?
A Milligan moving into the rooms.
В Milligan’s inspection of the rooms.
С The landlady accepting Milligan’s money.
D The settling of the price for the rooms.
5. What made Milligan decide to take the rooms (the end of § 3)?
A He had been looking for this kind of accommodation for a long time.
В Не realized that the big folding-doors, if left open, would turn them
into one large room.
С Не would have extra doors to shut him off from the noises in the rest
of the house.
D The folding-doors would give him the feeling that he had a room es-
pecially for his writing.
6. What had been Mrs Bostock’s ‘main theme’ (§ 5)?
A Anyone taking her rooms would have to behave decently.
В Financially speaking, things were difficult for her.
С Her life had been very monotonous since her husband had died.
D The rooms she let were very good.
7. Why did Mrs Bostock pronounce the ‘H’ in Hong-Kong (§ 5)?
A She had noticed Milligan’s surprise when she said ‘usband’ and
‘ome’.
В She pronounced ‘Hong-Kong’ in the way her husband used to do.
С She was afraid that Milligan would not understand her otherwise.
D She was trying to impress Milligan with the picture.
8. Which of the following is true about the sentence ‘If she ever found herself
in difficulties ...’ (§ 7)?
A It is what an expert had told Mrs Bostock.
В It is what Milligan thought.
С It is what Mrs Bostock thought.
D It is what Mrs Bostock’s husband had thought.
9. Milligan was ‘a good deal’ (§ 8) bored by …
A being honest to Mrs Bostock.
В discussing the Chinese picture.
С gazing at the Chinese picture.
D talking to Mrs Bostock.
224
10. How was it that Milligan came to know the picture in every detail (the end
of the story)?
A He could not help wondering if it had really come from Hong-Kong.
В Не liked it so much that he really wanted to study it.
С Не talked about it so often that he could not help looking at it.
D It had given him an idea for one of his scenarios.
TASK 3
Choose the right synonym of the word according to the text.
1. [It was rather] tempting (§ 2)
A curious
B attractive
C funny
2. to perceive (§ 5)
A to find out
B to think
C to notice
3. incidentally (§ 7)
A accidentally
B by the way
C at least
4. late (§ 7)
A former
B unpunctual
C dead
5. to cultivate (§ 8)
A to work on
B to encourage
C to develop
6. eternally (§ 8)
A endlessly
B carefully
C cautiously
225
TASK 4
Choose the right variant of translation according to the text.
1. It was unnecessary, for Milligan was not listening, having already decided
in his mind to take the rooms. (§ 3)
A В этом не было необходимости, так как Миллиган не слушал,
уже приняв решение снять комнаты.
B Это не было необходимым для Миллигана, который не слушал,
а уже решил снять эти комнаты.
C В этом для Миллигана не было необходимости, так как он уже
принял решение снять комнаты и не слушал
.
2. The landlady, however, instantly caught that glance and noticed its direction. (§ 4)
A Хозяйка, однако, быстро уловила, что его взгляд направлен в
этом направлении.
B Хозяйка, однако, мгновенно заметила этот взгляд и его направ-
ление.
C Хозяйка, однако, тут же перехватила направление этого взгляда.
3. If she ever found herself in difficulties, it [the picture] would fetch money.
(§ 7)
A Если она когда-нибудь окажется в затруднении, картина принесет ей
деньги.
B Если бы она когда-нибудь обнаружила трудности, то картина бы ей
принесла деньги.
C Если бы она когда-нибудь оказалась в затруднительном положении,
то картина бы принесла ей деньги.
4. … some remark concerning the Chinese drawing passed between them …
(§ 8)
A …они обменивались какой-нибудь репликой об этой китайской
картине…
B …какая-то ремарка, касающаяся китайской картины, пробегала
между ними…
C …между ними передавалась какая-нибудь фраза об этой китай-
ской картине…
226
UNIT 24
AN OUTSTANDING SCIENTIST OF ENGLAND
Section 1: TOPIC FOR DISCUSSION
AN OUTSTANDING SCIENTIST OF
ENGLAND
1. Hello, I’m Vitaly Dashkevich,
and I’m going to tell you about
Michael Faraday, one of the greatest physicists of the world, the creator of theory of electromagnetic
field.
2. I’ve been interested in physics
for a few years, and my goal is to
study physics at the university.
3. In my opinion, a broad view on
this or that science is formed not
only in the process of solving problems but also by studying its history.
4. In this context, studying the
biographies of famous scientists is
of special value.
5. Michael Faraday, the pride of
English and world science, was
born in late 18
th
century (1791) not
far from London.
6. His father was a blacksmith,
and at the age of thirteen the boy
started working for a bookseller as
an errand boy.
7. Later on he learnt book binding and spent his free time reading
the books that were available in the
book shop where he worked.
ВЫДАЮЩИЙСЯ УЧЕНЫЙ АНГЛИИ
1. Здравствуйте, меня зовут Виталий
Дашкевич, и я собираюсь рассказать
вам о Майкле Фарадее, одном их
величайших физиков мира, создателе
теории электромагнитного поля.
2. Я интересуюсь физикой уже несколько лет, и моя цель – изучать
физику в университете.
3. На мой взгляд, широкий взгляд на
ту или иную науку формируется не
только
в процессе решения задач, но
и при изучении истории науки.
4. В связи с этим изучение биографий великих ученых представляет
особую ценность.
5. Майкл Фарадей, гордость английской и мировой науки, родился в
конце 18-го века (в 1791 г.) недалеко
от Лондона.
6. Его отец был кузнецом, и в возрасте 13 лет
мальчик начал работать
рассыльным у книготорговца.
7. Затем он научился переплетать
книги и стал проводить свободное
время за чтением книг, которые находились в книжном магазине, где он
работал.
227
8. It was on the basis of the science books that Michael started
making some simple experiments.
9. In addition to the books he had
read, he went to listen to Humphrey
Davy’s lectures in 1812.
10. Professor Davy helped Michael to get employed as a chemistry
lab assistant at the Royal Institute.
11. His first experiments – first in
chemistry and then in electricity –
were encouraged by his teacher and
mentor Davy.
12. Faraday’s work in the laboratory was very fruitful and productive.
13. Only in the period of three
years (from 1816 to 1819) he published 37 research papers.
14. In 1821 Faraday got interested
in electromagnetism, and in the
course of his experiments he observed the phenomenon which led
him to the invention of the first
electric motor.
15. After years of patient and persistent research Michael Faraday,
being 40 years of age, discovered
electromagnetic induction which
became the basis of all electrotechnical studies.
16. Following this discovery, he
designed and tested various electric
machines to extend his newly discovered principle.
17. Later on he worked in the field
of electrolysis and found out that
some substances become conductors only in the liquid state.
8. На основе научных книг Майкл
начал проводить несложные опыты.
9. Кроме чтения книг, в 1812 году он
посещал лекции Хэмфри Дэйви.
10. Профессор Дэйви помог ему уст-
роиться ассистентом в химическую
лабораторию Королевского Института.
11. Его первые эксперименты – сначала по химии, а потом по электричеству – поощрялись его учителем и
наставником Дэйви
.
12. Работа Фарадея в лаборатории
была очень плодотворной и продуктивной.
13. Только за три года (с 1816 до
1819 года) он опубликовал 37 науч-
но-исследовательских работ.
14. В 1821 году Фарадей заинтересо-
вался электромагнетизмом и в ходе
экспериментов наблюдал явления,
которые привели его к изобретению
первого электромотора.
15. Годы спустя, в результате кропотливых
и упорных исследований, в
возрасте 40 лет Майкл Фарадей открыл электромагнитную индукцию,
которая стала основой всех работ в
области электротехники.
16. Вслед за этим открытием он
сконструировал и испытал различные электрические приборы с целью
углубления сделанного им открытия.
17. Позднее он работал в области
электролиза и обнаружил, что некоторые
вещества становятся провод-
никами только в жидком состоянии.
228
18. Such common physical terms
as electrode, anode, cathode, ion
and a number of others were introduced by Michael Faraday to better
describe his experiments.
19. To sum up the role of Michael
Faraday in the world science, I
should also say that he was the first
to prove the identity of different
kinds of electricity, and he predicted the existence of electromagnetic waves.
20. Faraday was an honorary
member of St. Petersburg Academy
of Sciences.
21. He lived 76 years and died in
1867.
22. I’ve always been amazed at
Michael Faraday’s great contribution to science and his ability to
foresee its developments and progress.
TASK 1
18. Для лучшего описания проводимых экспериментов М. Фарадей ввел
в употребление такие ставшие общеупотребительными термины, как
электрод, анод, катод, ион и ряд
других.
19. Подводя итог роли Майкла Фарадея в мировой науке, следует также
сказать, что он первым доказал тождественность различных видов электричества и предсказал существование
электромагнитных волн.
20. Фарадей являлся почетным чле-
ном Санкт-Петербургской Академии
Наук.
21. Он прожил 76 лет и умер в 1867
году.
22. Меня всегда поражал огромный
вклад Майкла Фарадея в науку и его
дар предвидеть ее развитие и прогресс.
Find the English equivalents of the following Russian expressions and put
them down in the right-hand column:
- один из величайших физиков мира
- создатель теории электромагнитного поля
- я уже несколько лет интересуюсь физикой
- моей целью является
- широкий взгляд на ту или иную науку формируется …
- … а также при изучении ее истории
- в этой связи …
- представляет особую ценность (значимость)
- гордость
английской и мировой науки
- в качестве посыльного у книготорговца
- научился переплетать книги
- книги, которые были в магазине
229
- помог устроиться (на работу) лаборантом в химическую лабораторию
- проведение экспериментов поощрял его учитель и наставник
- плодотворная и продуктивная (работа)
- в ходе экспериментов наблюдал явление
- привело к открытию первого электродвигателя
- годы терпеливой и кропотливой исследовательской работы
- которая стала основой изучения электротехники
- вслед за
этим открытием
- создал и испытал
- с целью расширения
- некоторые вещества становятся проводниками лишь в жидком состоянии
- общеизвестные физические термины
- были введены (в употребление)
- чтобы лучше описать
- подытоживая роль
- тождественность различных видов электричества
- предвидел (предсказал) существование
- меня всегда поражал огромный вклад
- способность предвидеть развитие и прогресс (науки)
TASK 2
Answer the following questions for self-control:
1. What field of knowledge is Michael Faraday known in?
2. Where and when was he born?
3. What did his father do for living?
4. What was Michael’s first job?
5. When was he able to read books?
6. Whose lectures did he attend at the Royal Institute?
7. How did Faraday’s mentor help him to find a job?
8. What problems of research interested Faraday?
9. Were his first experiments successful?
10. What is Faraday’s major discovery?
11. What physical terms did he introduce?
12. How can you evaluate Faraday’s contribution to the world science?
230
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