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Файл:Устные темы. Учебное пособие по английскому языку для инженерных специальностей ИТТСУ ТИУ, ТМН, ТПВ, ТПЛ, ТПТ разных форм обучения
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МИНИСТЕРСТВО ТРАНСПОРТА
РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ АВТОНОМНОЕ
ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ВЫСШЕГО
ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
«РОССИЙСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ТРАНСПОРТА»
________________________________________________
Академия базовой подготовки
Кафедра «Русский и иностранные языки»
Л.А. Лашина
Устные темы
Учебное пособие
по английскому языку
для студентов 1 и 2 курсов инженерных специальностей
ИТТСУ: ТИУ, ТМН, ТПВ, ТПЛ, ТПТ
МОСКВА – 2021
УДК 42
Л 32
Лашина Л.А. Устные темы. Учебное пособие по английскому
языку для инженерных специальностей ИТТСУ: ТИУ, ТМН, ТПВ,
ТПЛ, ТПТ разных форм обучения. – М.: РУТ (МИИТ), 2021. – 169 с.
Учебное пособие включает в себя 16 тем, причем вторая часть
состоит из 11 тем для направления Инноватика. Основная цель пособия
– формирование компетенции профессионально-ориентированного
чтения и развитие на этой основе навыков устной речи. В каждом юните имеется глоссарий, а также лексические и грамматические упражнения, которые помогут студентам быстрее усваивать новую лексику и
терминологию за счет ее хорошей повторяемости.
Рецензенты:
Старший преподаватель кафедры «Лингвистика» РУТ (МИИТ)
Львова Н.И.
К.ф.н., доцент кафедры иностранных языков и методики их преподавания Государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего образования Московской области «Академия социального управления» Ю. М. Зинина.
© РУТ (МИИТ), 2021
Contents
PART 1
General topics for improving conversational skills
1. About myself 4
2. My speciality 6
3. Application for a job 14
4. Higher Education. Our University 21
5. Higher Education in Great Britain 26
6. The United Kingdom 29
7. The International organisations 38
8. Railway transport 46
9. History of Russion Railways 52
10. Moscow Railway Stations 65
11. Moscow Underground 74
12. Railway transport in GB 77
13. London Underground 82
14. Automation and computerization on railways 97
15. Information tecynologies 101
16. Ecological safety in railway transport 108
PART 2 Innovatics 115
1. What is INNOVATION
2. What is innovation managment 120
3. What is innovation manager 122
4. Who are innovators 126
5. Management 129
6. Marketing 132
7. Innovative marketing 137
8. Innovative organisations 141
9. Examples of innovative organisations 145
10. Setting up a business 148
11. The main forms of business organisations 149
PART 3. Additional texts
1. How the management trap hurts innovation 151
2. Why nations fail 154
3. Internet company structure 155
4. A matter of choice 165
REFERENCES 168
3
PART 1
1. About myself
Text 1
I’m Anna Chestnova and I’m the second-year full-
time student of Russian University Transport. My specialty is
“Power Energetics at Railway Transport”. I have to study for
five years to get a diploma and to become a highly qualified
specialist. I graduated from school 2 years ago. I passed 3
Unified State Exams on Math, Russian and Physics. Then I
applied for 3 universities. I have chosen the Moscow State
University of Railway Engineering and I was accepted by it. I
study many different subjects here, for example Mechanics,
Math, Philosophy and others. My specialty is very interesting
for me and very important one. It is very much claimed both
in our country and abroad. After graduation from the university I’d like to find a well- paid job. I’m going also to contin-
ue my education if it is possible as a postgraduate student or
abroad.
Text 2
My name is Maxim, my surname is Karnaukh. I am from
Russia. I am eighteen years old and I was born on the 13th of
June in 2000 in Novozybkov. I have a big family: a mother, a
father, a sister, a grandmother, two cats and five kittens.
The main features of my character are honesty, sociability,
kindness and the ability to work hard. I am fond of cars, PC,
computer games. I like going for a walk, browsing and listening to dance FM.
I graduated from school in 2018 and entered the Moscow
State University of Railway Communication. I study for a
degree of Human resource management. The previous year
being the first year student I studied the following subjects:
Russian history, High Mathematics, English and etc. After
graduation from the University I would like to get a well-
4
paid job, to use my professional experience in future and to
have lovely wife and children.
Text 3
My name is Stanislav Nikitin. I am from Russia. I am seventeen years old. I was born on the 29th of September, 2000 in
Moscow. My father, Andrey is an IT technician at the railway
station. My mother is the Personnel Manager for a Car-Trade
company. I have a brother (a sister). He (she) is older (younger) than me. I am single. My permanent address is 3272323
Moscow, Nekrasova Street 21. My telephone number is
84956104421.
The main features of my character are diligence, responsibility and sociability. I am fond of sport, music, literature and
foreign languages. I am a confident computer user.
This year I have left secondary school number 5 in Moscow
and got the Certificate of Complete Secondary Education. But
before getting this document, I had to pass three Unified State
exams on Mathematics, Russian language and Social science.
The total score of them gave me a chance to apply to five
universities and I was accepted by two of them. But I have
chosen Russian University of Transport. This University is
the leading and the largest transport institution in Russia.
Then I was looking forward to become a student. Student’s
life is interesting and eventful. Nowadays I am a first year
full-time student of RUT. I study on the speciality Management and Information Technologies.
These days it is evident for almost everyone that to have a
good education and a permanent job, you need to know at
least one foreign language, and English is the most useful
language to learn. After graduating from the University I’m
interested in getting a prestigious and well-paid job and working in the sphere of railway transport. I hope that I will use all
my knowledge in future. I’ll do my best to become a profes-
sional in my sphere. These are my plans for the future as I see
5
them so far. I’m sure of that they will be fulfilled in spite of
the fact that my goals are long-term and rather complicated.
Answer the questions:
1. When and where were you born?
2. What are your parents?
3. What are the main features of your character?
4. What are you fond of?
5. What school did you finish?
6. What are you now?
7. Where are you going to work after graduating from
the University?
8. What are your plans for the future?
Unit 2
My speciality
1. Have you ever applied for a job (work)?
2. What kind of work did you find?
3. What kind of specialities did you have an experience
in (did you try)?
4. What kind of public service have you ever joined?
5. Are you going to continue your education as a postgraduate student or abroad?
6. Are you going to work according to you speciality after
graduation from the University?
7. What kind of work would you prefer: in a research laboratory or at a plant?
8. Would you prefer to work with people or with different equipment (machines)?
9. What kind of work would you like to find after graduation from the University?
10. How much money would you like to get for your job?
11. How are you going to look for a well-paid job?
6
Text 1
Innovation
Innovation is a specialty that promotes new technical and
information tools in the markets, attracts public attention to
unusual novelties.
Innovation is the practical implementation of ideas that result in the introduction of new goods or services or improvement in offering goods or services.
In addition, innovation studies socio-economic progress and
provides demand for the results of intellectual labor.
Experts are able to work on a regional or national scale, as
well as deal with individual companies.
An innovator should be able to identify products that are in
demand, find sources of funding, come up with ways to promote projects, assess possible risks and calculate the expected
profit.
Today, the global labor market is experiencing an increase
in demand for innovative specialists. This process is caused
by a number of factors: the active development of the intellectual labor market, the growth in the number of innovative
projects in the world, which generates an increase in demand
for specialists in this field.
Innovation cannot lose its relevance, because it develops
along with progress, constantly changing and improving. The
more actively the market for intellectual labor grows and the
newer technologies appear, the higher the prestige of the profession becomes.
Specialists in innovation can realize themselves in such areas
as foreign trade, politics, information technology, logistics,
etc.
7
Text 2
My occupation.
My occupation is an “engineer-manager” and the spe-
cialization is “Technology of innovative management”. It is
connected both with techniques and technology as well as
with economics, especially with management. My work will
be searching for new technologies, discoveries; bringing them
to the modern market, management of this process and replacing outdated gadgets, tools, technologies by the modern,
the most innovative and ensuring their effective application.
They say that Russia takes the path of innovative development, so my occupation can be supposed to be of great
demand. But knowing about characteristic aspiration for our
country to leave everything as it was for maintaining stability
without bringing disorder into the settled system; I think my
professional future is not so cheerful and cloudless.
Text 3
Human resource management
I graduated from school in 2013. I have passed 3 Unified
State Exams: Mathematics, Social studies, Russian Language. I have got high scores. After that I entered the university. I was accepted by Russian University of Transport. My
speciality is Human resource management. It`s very interesting, responsible and difficult. During our study we have learnt
the Economic theory, Control of Quality, Basics of management, etc. After graduation from the university I`m going to
find a well - paid job. In general I`ll be a highly qualified expert in management. I like my speciality. I hope in future I
will get a very good and challenging job
8
Text 4
Computer security
After graduation from a secondary school I entered
Moscow State University of Railway Engineering. My spe-
cialty is called «Computer security». It is very modern, inter-
esting and very much claimed both in our country and abroad.
After five years and a half I will be a highly qualified
mathematician specialized in computers and everything connected with them. For the first two years I was taught by old
and wise professors. They were teaching us not only how to
deal with their subject. They were teaching us how to think.
My specialty is closely connected with math and computers.
Now I am absolutely absorbed by calculations, formulas and
graphs.
Next year I must go to any computer company in or-
der to have a practice according to my specialty. I’d like to
join the company «IBM» but unfortunately it is situated
abroad. Still it has got a number of affiliates in Russia.
When I finish up studying I’d like to have absolutely free
time at least for 2-3 month to relax. This time is to be devoted
to all kinds of rest and traveling. After that I’m going to find a
well-paid job according to my specialty. 2-3 years after I’m
planning to write Thesis for a Master of Science degree. I believe that it will be connected with high mathematics as well.
Text 5
Engineer – Mathematician
I study at the department of “Applied Mathematics” in the
“Institute of Information Technologies” which belongs to the
Moscow State University of Railway Communication.
My future speciality will be called Engineer - Mathematician.
This speciality finds an application in different areas of science and engineering.
9
A command of many mathematical disciplines is necessary to
study any computerized process.
For two years of training we have studied the following subjects: Mathematical Analysis, Linear Algebra, Analytical Geometry, The Probability Theory, The Theory of Coding and
others.
Computers are widely represented in modern life now because it is absolutely impossible to solve any technical problem without them.
That is why the major attention is given to programming at
our University.
We work on such programming languages as Turbo Pascal,
Turbo Vision, and others.
They are widely used in the English speaking countries.
It is practically the reason why the student of our department
are supposed to have an advanced knowledge of English. Still
I hope that English will be useful for me not only in a dialogue with a computer but from the educational point of view
as well.
Text 6
Industrial Power Energetics
I’m a second-year student of the Moscow State Uni-
versity of Railway Engineering. My specialty is called “In-
dustrial Power Energetics”. I have chosen this specialty be-
cause I think it is very important not only for our life but also
for our country. I will graduate from the university in 2015
and I would like to become highly qualified specialist. After
graduation from the university I can work both in a plant and
in an office. My specialty is rather universal. So it includes
design of pumps and steam boilers, their maintenance and
installation. I can also be a manager of this works or organize
work of a group of specialists. My future activity can also be
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