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Файл:Устные темы. Учебное пособие по английскому языку для инженерных специальностей ИТТСУ ТИУ, ТМН, ТПВ, ТПЛ, ТПТ разных форм обучения
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14. В европейских странах существует большая сеть железнодо-
рожного транспорта в городах и между ними. Например, в
Нидерландах большинство людей ездят на поезде на работу,
это очень удобно и быстро, хотя и дорого.
15. В Москве очень развитая система метро и многие люди поль-
зуются ей, тк из-за пробок неудобно ездить на автобусах или
машинах.
Ex. 6. The Test
1. what speed should a passenger train have?
A. 200 km / h
B. More 100 km / h
C. Less 50 km / h +
2. How many compartments can there be in a carriage?
A. 1
B. 12
C. 5 +
3. Is it convenient to travel in Russia by train?
A. Yes+
B. No
C. Not stated
4. Are the trains divided into upper class and ordinary ones?
A. No
B. Yes+
C. Not stated
5. Are the second type of wagons equipped with two toilets?
A. Not stated
B. Yes+
C. No
6. What speed should high-speed trains have?
A. More 91 km / h+
B. 50 km / h
C. Less 70 km / h
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Unit 9
Text 1
History of Russian Railways
1834, Construction of Russia's first railway line. The
first steam railway in Russia was built in 1834 at the Nizhny
Tagil Metallurgical Plant in the Urals by the naturally talented
father and son team, the serfs Yefim and Myron Cherepanov,
who also built two locomotives for the railway.
1842, Moscow to St Petersburg Railway. Connecting
Russia's two cities -Moscow and St Petersburg was a significant achievement. Begun in 1842, by order of Tsar Nicholas
1, the 642 km of railway had to navigate a number of water
barriers, which meant the building of 8 large, and 182 medium sized bridges.
1891, Construction begins on Trans-Siberian Railway. It
took twentyfive years to build the legendary Trans-Siberian
railway - all 9289 km of it. Begun in 1891, on the orders of
Tsar Alexander III in Russia, it would eventually connect European Russia to Siberia, Far East and Pacific Ocean coast.
1899, Construction begins on Circum-Baikal Railway.
Today the beautiful Circum-Baikal Railway is an open-air
museum. It runs from Baikal to Sludianka station for 94 km.
With 40 tunnels and bridges, plus station buildings and architectural monuments - this is railway engineering at its finest.
1916, Trans-Siberian Railway construction completes.
Trans-Siberian railway line started in 1891 and completed in
1916 connects European Russia to Siberia and the Far East
and encompasses the Trans-Manchurian and TransMongolian
lines.
1932, Start of construction of the Baikal-Amur Mainline. The building of the Baikal-Amur Mainline (BAM) had a
special resonance for Russia. The construction of this line
presented certain challenges.
52
1958, Longest electrified railway in the world. The government set a fast pace for the electrification of Russia's railways. In 1958 the Soviet Union had the greatest length of
electrified lines in the world. Between 1958-1965 they electrified 24.9 thousand km alone, resulting in quicker transportation of people and goods, larger carrying capacity and greater
productivity.
2002, Opening of the first Intermodal Passenger Rail.
Travel was made easier by the opening of the first intermodal
passenger route from Paveletskaya Moscow to Domodedovo.
Nowadays. Now, there are 42.9 thousand km of electrified lines and you can travel from St Petersburg to Moscow in
3 hrs, 45 minutes. An even higher speed line, which is in the
planning stages, will reduce journey times even further. In
this respect Russian Railways is a major contributor to Russia's fast growing economy.
Today Russian Railways is a world leader operating 42.9
thousand km of electrified lines and employing 976,116 people. By 2020 Russian railways promise to be carrying more
cargo and passengers than ever before.
Text 2
The Soviet Union is often spoken of as a great rail power
because it has the largest railway system in the world. The
total length of Soviet railways is over, 143,000 km. The Soviet state got from the tsarist regime a poorlv-organized and
poorly-developed railway network greatly damaged in the
First World War. However, old Russia could be proud of its
railway scientists and engineers who constructed good steam
locomotives and the passenger cars produced in Russia were
the best in Europe. The Trans-Siberian Railway was thought
of as a very important means of communication between Europe and Asia. The trains built for regular service on that line
were made up of richly-decorated sleeping cars which pro-
53
vided many comforts for passengers. After the Great October
Socialist Revolution the Communist Party and the Soviet
Government took steps to reconstruct the railways of the
country. The development of railway transport was closely
connected with the GOELRO Plan. Initiated by V. I. Lenin,
the GOELRO Plan was worked out in 1920. It provided for
the construction rof numerous power plants and a whole network of electrified railways. In 1926, an electric train started
its first run on the suburban line between Baku and Sabunchi.
Another very important step was the development the diesel
locomotive. It was in the Soviet Union that the world's first
main-line diesel locomotive was built and put into service on
November 6, 1924. When reconstructed, SD became a highlydeveloped and a safe means of trans- port in the country.
One of the most interesting railways-the Trans-Siberian
main line-connects Moscow with Vladivostok, a large port on
the Pacific Ocean. The total length of the line is nearly 9,600
km. That is the world's longest., railway. The construction of
the Trans-Siberian line began in 1891 and it was put into operation in 1905. However, the railway was poorly built and
accidents often took place. The reconstruction of the TransSiberian Railway began after the Great October Socialist
Revolution. Now most of the line is electrified. All freight
and passenger trains are operated by powerful diesel and electric locomotives. The trains develop 140 kmh on some sections and the journey from Moscow to Vladivostok in the
"Rossiya" express takes you only 7 days. The Trans-Siberian
Railway plays a very important part in the economic development of our country because it carries a large volume of
traffic. Besides, it runs international container service between Europe and Japan.
The Trans-Siberian Railway always played a very important part in the economic development of our country.
During the Great Patriotic War when most of our industry
54
was concentrated in Siberia the Trans-Siberian Rail- way
made a great contribution to the victory over the German armies. But operated by steam traction, the line could not carry
a large volume of traffic. After the war the modernization
program was worked out as part of the grandiose plan to
transform Siberia into a highly developed industrial region.
The modernization plan provided for the electrification of the
Moscow-Lake Baikal section simultaneously with its reconstruction. It was a hard job which took a long time. It was in
1961 that electric traction was introduced on the line.
Text 3
JSC Russian Railways began in 2003.
Today it is among the three largest transport companies in
the world. The missions of the company are to meet the market demand for transportation, increase efficiency quality of
services and deep integration into the Euro-Asian transport
system. The company’s strategic goals are to increase the
scale of transport business, production and economic efficiency and quality of work, improving the and transport safety, deep integration into the Euro-Asian transport system.
Traction rolling stock includes diesel locomótives, electric
locomotives, electric trains, diesel trains, railcars, railway
handcar. The main directions of the company's business freight and passenger traffic. In 2005-2010, JSC Russian
Railways has launched a program to introduce new highspeed trains. The first train launched, Sapsan (peregrine falcon), connects St. Petersburg, Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod
and is operated with trains manufactured by the German
company Siemens. The second train, Allegro, has run from
December 2010 from St. Petersburg to Helsinki (Finland) via
the city of Vyborg and is owned and operated together with
the Finnish VR Group. Seven priority infrastructure development projects were allocated, approaches to the ports of the
55
South of Russia, an to the ports of North-West Russia, infrastructure in Western Siberia, and north of the Urals Federal
District, Trans-Siberian Railway, Baikal- Amur Mainline,
Mezhdurechensk, Abakan Taishet station, the Moscow railway hut. Now the Moscow-Lake Baikal Railway is the longest electrified main line in the world on which powerful electric and diesel locomotives draw long and heavy trains. The
electrification of the Trans-Siberian Railway east of Baikal
continues. The project HSM 1 is a separate railway line between Moscow and St. Petersburg, the expected speed is up to
400 km/h, the estimated time will not exceed 2.5 hours.
Answer the questions:
1. Is the approximate length of the Railways?
2. When the GOELRO plan was developed?
3. Where he began his first course of the electric train?
4. What connects the Trans-Siberian railway?
5. How well was the Trans-Siberian railway built?
6. What happened in 1961?
7. How JSC "Russian Railways" is the largest in the
world?
8. What are the strategic goals of the company?
9. What is «Sapsan»?
10. Which country produces them?
11. What are the priority infrastructure development pro-
jects?
12. What is the longest electrified highway in the world?
Ex.1 Memorize one of two following plans for retelling
the texts:
Russian Railways
Variant 1
1. Russia is оftеn spoken of as a great rail power because it
has the largest rails system in the world.
56
2. Russian Railways саrriеѕ аn еnоrmous volume оf hоmе
traffic - nearly 66 percent of freight and 37 percent of passengers .
3. Old Russia соuld bе proud of its railway scientists and engineers who constructed good steam locomotives .
4. The passengers саrѕ рrоduсеd in Russia were the best in
Europe
5. The development of railway transport was closely connected with the GOELRO Plan.
6. It provided for the construction of numerous power plants
and a whоlе network of electrified railwауѕ .
7. In 1926 , an electric train started its first run on the suburban line between Baku and Sabunchi.
8. It was in the Soviet Union that the world's first main - line
diesel locomotive was built and put into service on November
6, 1924 .
9. Whеn reconstructed, RR became a highly - developed and
a ѕаfе means of transport in the country .
10. RR pays particular attention to high speed running .
11. Speeds of 120 - 150 kph аrе рrасtісаl оr thе express
trains.
12. Russian rolling stock іnсludеѕ mоdеrn locomotives and
cars, efficient track - laying machines, automatic telecommunication systems, powerful cranes and other railway equipment.
13. The construction of the Baikal - Amur Railway (BAM) is
of grеаt importance for the economic development of the
USSR .
14. The building BAM railway was necessary to open up new
areas in Siberia for the exploitation of coal, ore, oil, and other
minerals resources and shorten the way to the Pacific Ocean
by hundreds of kilometers .
15. The building of the BAM Railway was carried out in vеrу
hаrd topographical and geological conditions.
57
Variant 2
1.The Soviet Union was often called the great train power,
because it has the largest railway system in the world.
1. The Soviet government had received from the tsarist
regime poorly-organized and poorly-developed rail
network, severely damaged in the First World War.
2. However, the old Russia could be pound of their sci-
entists and engineers. They have built a good steam
locomotives and passenger cars which were the best in
Europe.
3. The plan GOELRO included construction of numer-
ous power plants and a network of electrified railway
lines.
4. In 1926 the train started on the commuter line between
Baku and Sabunchy.
5. In the Soviet Union on 6 November 1924 the world's
first mainline diesel locomotive was built and put into
operation.
6. The Russian Railways carry an enormous amount of
internal traffic, almost 66 percent of cargo and 37 percent of passengers.
7. The development of railway transport is closely linked
to the electrification plan.
8. Freight train moving with a speed of 30 km/h, passen-
ger trains reached 45-59 km/h.
9. After the reconstruction the RR has become a highly
developed and safe means of transportation in the
country.
58
Text 4
RAILWAY ELECTRIFICATION
The first attempt to apply electricity to
transport purposes was made by Jacobi, a Russian
physicist and electrical engineer. In 1838 he ran an
electric boat at a speed of about 5 kph on the Neva
river.
Another major success in using electric power was
made by Werner von Siemens who was the first to
produce a passenger electric locomotive. His locomotive was demonstrated at the exhibition in Berlin in
1879. It was a miniature four-wheeled loco hauling up
to thirty passengers at a time round a narrow-gauged
track 275 m long.
The Soviet engineers always took interest in
railway electrification. As a result, the GOELRO Plan
was worked out in 1920. The world‘s longest Moscow
– Lake Baikal electric railway was put into service in
1961.
The next advantage is that the electric locomotive is always ready for use and can remain in service
for practically the whole of twenty-four hours continuously. Yet another essential benefit to be obtained is
the ability of electrics to haul very long and heavy
trains for there is practically no limit to the energy to
be taken by the locomotive from the catenary. Besides, of all the existing kinds of traction it is the electric haulage that is most promising as regards speeds.
The electric rolling stock is of two types,
namely, locomotive-hauled trains and multiple-unit
(m-u) trains, the latter being composed of motor
coaches and trailers, that is, coaches without traction
motors.
59
Text 5
New speed train in Russia
Word list:
1. Marvel – чудо
2. Competitive – конкурентоспособный
3. Associated – связанный
4. Hassles – стычки
5. Requirement – требования
6. Discerning – проницательный
7. Flyover – эстакада
8. Capable – способный
9. Intercity – междугородний
10. Cynics – циники
11. Overestimate – переоценка
12. Exceeds – превышает
13. Untimely – несвоевременный
14. Breakaway – отход
15. Regard – отношение
In December 2009, the Sapsan entered service, becoming
the first high-speed train within Russia. Running between St.
Petersburg and Moscow, the service by this Siemens-built
electric marvel, cut the land travel time from overnight to
about 4 hours, making it competitive time wise going from
city center to city center with air travel (without the associated hassles). On January 23, Siemens improved its domination
of the development of Russian high-speed rail with a second
great innovation created specifically for Russian Railways,
the Desiro RUS electric light rail train, better known as the
Lastochka.
Taking the Russian name for the fast-moving bird, the
swallow, the Lastochka is designed to provide high-speed
service even within the weather extremes experienced in
many parts of Russia. Although German-made, it is a wholly
Russian light rail train. “It is designed to operate in Russia’s
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