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Файл:Устные темы. Учебное пособие по английскому языку для инженерных специальностей ИТТСУ ТИУ, ТМН, ТПВ, ТПЛ, ТПТ разных форм обучения
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users through member rights construction and customer care
design, and promote their long-term activity and consumption.
Data operation
This position is relatively new, collecting market and user
data, analyzing the company's product operation data, finding
problems, and proposing targeted solutions.
(New) Media Operations
It is more common in attracting traffic or maintaining users
through content construction on various media platforms.
Content planning and editing
There is little difference between these two positions. They
both create and review content, present high-quality content
to users, and achieve the corresponding operational goals.
Common requirements for operating positions are:
1. Be flexible and creative. Can create high-quality content,
or design interesting activities.
2. Very sensitive to data. Be able to find data fluctuations,
find out the reasons for data fluctuations, and make various
adjustments and optimizations from the operating side.
3. Strong communication skills. Able to advance and solve
problems through communication.
4. Execution. Speak, do, and do well.
technology
The requirements for technical positions are more complicated.
Architect
The chief designer of the company's product technology
usually requires many years of development experience. It is
required to be able to design the system architecture and ensure the availability and superiority of multiple indicators
such as the stability, scalability, and superior performance of
the architecture. It is impossible for ordinary graduates to get
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an Offer for this position, and development engineers with
many years of experience may not be able to get this position.
Front-end engineer
It has very close contact with designers and products to ensure the usability and ease of use of the front-end.
Development Engineer
To realize function development, make functions usable and
easy to use, "code farmers" are the most direct descriptions,
great people or ordinary people who write code.
Test Engineer
No matter how large a company is, someone must do the
testing work. In medium-sized and above companies, there
will be dedicated test engineers who are specialized in testing
after the development is completed, finding bugs, and writing
reports. , Responsible for regression, to ensure that there are
no major bugs that affect the use of the product before the
launch, or even zero-Bug status. It requires a variety of
browsers, virtual machines, and a variety of terminal devices
in the drawer. Compatibility testing is as important as functional testing. .
Operation and Maintenance Engineer
Ensure that there are no problems in the background, ensure
that the server and network problems can be repaired in time,
and so on. If the server and bandwidth are enough, a big event
needs to prepare a machine, so I must look for them.
Of course, you said that the company installs computers.
Well, that's an IT business. It was called "network management" many years ago. They can be part of operation and
maintenance, or they can be attributed to administrative functions.
So, for technicians, the possible general requirements are as
follows:
1. Understand the code, understand the system, understand
the business
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2. Compressive ability
3. Communication skills
If the code is written quickly and well enough, everything
else can be lowered or even ignored.
Market
Functional personnel such as marketing are combined with
operations in some companies, and independent in other
companies. But still that sentence, things are still those things.
The difference between them and operations staff is: The
market is more concerned with branding, communication, and
diversion, while operations are more concerned with retention, activity, and payment.The indicators are different, the
orientation is different, the energy allocation is different, and
the objects and depths of the work are different. For marketers, it is more important to understand the market dynamics,
grasp the situation of competing products, introduce and
maintain partners, and ensure the reputation of the company
and products through media and public relations. Of course,
in many large companies, media and public relations are handled by specialized public relations departments. This is another topic.Under the market function, there will also be
many subdivisions:
Channels are mainly to maintain various channels to ensure
that they can get channel resources. Promotion, the term is
relatively broad, depending on how the company positions the
responsibility and scope of "promotion". If it is an app, then
channel and promotion may be the same function or even a
combined position; if it is a PC, then promotion may still
need Consider advertising, ROI and other related matters.
Business cooperation is mainly to find external merchants and
resources that can cooperate, and to reach cooperation, which
may involve businesses such as joint activities. The common
requirements of market functions are:
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1.Communication skills.
2.Ability to retain customers.
3.Understanding requires a full understanding of the product.
4.Execution administrative
Administrative direction
"Administration", as the company's three major support
departments that go hand in hand with "Personnel" and "Finance", plays a major role in the company's business development. In the daily business process of an enterprise, many
transactional tasks will be generated, such as: handling various certificates and licenses, renting office space, decoration,
software and hardware maintenance, access management,
item procurement, etc. These tasks allow R&D, production
and sales personnel to work part-time. Not only does it have a
high opportunity cost, but it also causes duplication of work
and low efficiency. In order to solve this problem, this type of
"miscellaneous" work is specially assigned to some people for
handling. This is the origin of the Administration Department.
The specific work of the administrative department can be
divided into four categories:
1. Basic environmental protection.
2. Business process guarantee.
3. Behavior system construction
4. Comprehensive affairs management.
Personnel direction
When Huawei is making a major decision, it often consults
two departments. The first is the finance department and the
second is the human resources department. If one of the two
departments holds a negative opinion, the decision will be
rejected. Human resource management has different characteristics in different industries. Generally speaking, it can be
divided into six major aspects:
1. Human Resource Planning
2. Recruitment and allocation
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3. Training
4. Performance Management
5. Salary and benefits management
6. Labor relations
The human resources of most enterprises in our country are
often at a relatively low level, and they have not risen to the
level of organizational strategy like the international ones,
and play their due role. In general enterprises, in short, there
are four words: recruit, use, nurture, and stay. Recruitment is
recruitment, requiring the use of resources within the budget
to find qualified personnel. Use is use, the key is to find a
balance between maximizing employee value and maintaining employee satisfaction and loyalty. Education is cultivation, and the goal is a win-win situation: on the one hand, increase the value of work; on the other hand, it will help employees' career development. Retention is remuneration, and
the task is to calculate the salary and benefits of management
employees based on work performance. In this way, employees are motivated to serve the company loyally. Straighten
out the logic: an entrepreneurial company has its own "human
resource planning" and then starts "recruitment". The recruits
need to be "trained" and "salary" must be paid at the same
time, and social security, employee files, and job transfers
must be handled. "Employee relations", to let the recruited
people work more with less money "performance appraisal",
this is the meaning of human resources work.
Text 4
A matter of choice
А:
USA was run by a handful of big companies who planned
the economy in the name of stability. They introduced "new
and improved" varieties with predictable regularity, they pro-
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vided their workers with lifetime employment and they enjoyed fairly good industrial relations with the giant trade unions. But, most US's giant corporations have shifted their
production systems from high-volume to high-value, from
standardtised to custormised. And they have flattened their
management hierarchies. Where is the modern company
decading?
The first is that a handful of giant companies are engaged in
a "silent takeover" of the world. The past couple of decades
have seen a record number of mergers. The survivors, it is
maintained, are far more powerful than nation states.
The second school of through argues almost the opposite: it
says hat big companies are a thing of the past. look at the
Monorail Corporation, which sells computers. Monorail owns
no factories, warehouses or any other tangible assets. It operates from a single floor that it leases in an office building in
Atlanta. Freelance workers are designing the computers while
demand is still low.
The third school of thought says that companies are being replaced by "networks". Groups of entrepreneurs form such a
network to market an ideа. They then sell it to the highest
bidder and move on to produce another idea and to create another firm, with the money being supplied all the time by venture capitalists.
Another way to look at the future of the company is to focus
on the environment that will determine it. That environment
is dominated by one thing: choice. modern "flexible" production systems both lower costs and increase choice. Consumers
have more choice over where they spend their money.
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Producers have more choice over which suppliers to use.
Shareholders have more choice over where to put their money. With all that choice around, future companies will have to
be very flexible in order to quickly adapt to the changing environments if they are to survive.
В
In 1967, John Kenneth Galbraith's book the new in-
dustrial state argued that the US was run by a handful of large
companies that planned the economy in the name of stability.
These were hierarchical and bureaucratic organiza-
tions that produced long batches of standardized products.
This world is now dead. American Gian corporations
have either disappeared or been transformed by global competition. Most of them have changed their production systems
from large-scale to expensive, from standardized to individual. And they smoothed out their management hierarchies. But
where exactly are they taking us? Where is a modern company going?
There are three standard answers to this question.
First, a handful of giant companies are engaged in a "silent
takeover" of the world.
The second school of philosophy States almost the
opposite: she claims that big companies are a thing of the
past.
A third school of thought says that companies are be-
ing replaced by network jobs.
Another way to look at a company's future is to focus
on the environment that will define it. In this environment
dominated by one thing: choice. Technology and globalization offer more opportunities for individuals and firms to collect information and conduct economic activities outside of
traditional structures.
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With all these choices, future companies will need to
be very flexible to adapt quickly to changing conditions if
they are to survive.
A firm’s marketing mix is the combination of the
product, the price of the product, the means for its distribution, and the promotion of the product to reach a firm’s
target market.
References:
Internet resources
1. https://www.adlinktech.com/en/Railway-PIS-CCT
2. https://www.google.ru/amp/s/www.V
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Св. план 2021 г., поз.185
Лашина Любовь Арнольдовна
Устные темы
Учебное пособие по английскому языку
169
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