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Файл:Устные темы. Учебное пособие по английскому языку для инженерных специальностей ИТТСУ ТИУ, ТМН, ТПВ, ТПЛ, ТПТ разных форм обучения
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5. According to an independent expert, the _________ of the
first route will require about 10 billion rubles.
(A)
Ex. 4 Answer the following questions:
1. What was the project of MCD called in the media?
(“surface metro”)
2. What is the total length of first two routes? (132 km)
3. What is the total cost of implementing the MCD pro-
ject of 6 lines? (155,4 billion rubles)
4. Who financed MCD? (Russian Railways and budget
of Moscow)
5. Who is the head of Russian Railways? (Oleg
Belozerov)
Ex. 5 The Test
1. Which cities MCD-1 connects with Moscow?
a) Kazan and St Petersburg.
b) Nakhabino and Podolsk.
c) Odintsovo and Lobnya.
2. What is total length of two first diameters?
a) 128 km.
b) 132 km.
c) 133 km.
3. Who is the head of Russian Railways?
a) Oleg Belozerov.
b) Marat Khusnullin.
c) Sergey Sobyanin.
4. When first two routes of MCD was opened?
a) 21/01/2019
b) 21/11/2019
c) 05/08/2019
5. How many routes included into entire MCD project?
a) 5
b) 6
c) 7
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Ex.6 Translate the following sentences and wordcombinations from Russian into English:
А:
5. Мско
6. Проект финансируется в равной степени из бюджета Москвы и
7. По оценке независимого эксперта, на реализацию первого марш-
8. Согласно новому прогнозу РЖД полная стоимость реализации
вские центральные диаметры (МЦД) — система
линий внеуличного железнодорожного транспорта создана на базе существующей инфраструктуры Московской железной дороги
cвязывает междe
бой Москву и подмосковные города: Лобню, Долгопрудный, Оди
нцово, Красногорск и Подольск. Первые два диаметра общей
протяжённостью 132 км в графике смешанного движения открыты 21 ноября 2019 года. Протяжённость первых двух маршрутов
с 60 станциями составляет 132 км. Обслуживанием диаметров
занимается АО «Центральная пригородная пассажирская компания».
бюджета РЖД, привлечение средств из федерального бюджета
на текущий момент не планируется. По официальным подсчётам
организация маршрута МЦД-1 (Одинцово — Лобня) обойдётся в
8 млрд рублей, организация МЦД-2 (Нахабино — Подольск) — в
12 млрд рублей. Вся программа представителем мэрии оценива-
ется в 40 млрд рублей, главой РЖД Олегом Белозёровым — в
60 млрд рублей.
рута потребуется около 10 млрд рублей. По словам Марата Хуснуллина, деньги на реализацию проекта уже были выделены,
конкретная сумма при этом не называется.
проекта МЦД из 6 линий составит 155,4 млрд рублей, и она не
является конечной. При этом только первый этап из двух линий
будет стоить порядка 40 млрд рублей.
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Text 3
The project of modern railway stations on the main line
from Moscow to Kazan (VSM)
Russian Railways demonstrated the project of stations and
transport hubs of the first section of the high-speed railway
line (VSM) from Moscow to Kazan.
The starting point of the first high-speed railway line in Russia will be the part of the Moscow-Gorokhovets road worth
621 billion rubles.
Station management will occur through a single digital system.
For passengers at all stations will be developed financial services, ticket service and electronic navigation.
At the stations, there will be a system of biometric scanning
and digital boarding the train using smartphones. The system
will be designed taking into account the comfort of passengers, including for passengers with limited physical abilities.
The stations will have restaurants and cafes, children's areas,
waiting rooms with Wi-Fi.
Transport interchange hubs are designed as multimodal
transport systems.
The construction of the highway is planned to be completed
in 2020.
Its length will be about 770 kilometers, and the speed of
trains will reach 400 km/h. Thus, it will be possible to get
from Moscow to Kazan and back in less than 4 hours.
73
Unit 11
Moscow Metro
Text 1
Moscow Metro - underground public rail transport on
electric traction is located in Moscow. It is historically the
first and largest metro in the USSR and in Russia.
The first line was opened on May 15, 1935, and ran from
the Sokolniki station to the Park Kultury station, with a
branch to Smolenskaya.
The system consists of 14 lines with a total length of 360 km.
In the Moscow metro there are 212 stations 44 of which are
recognized as objects of cultural heritage and more than 40
are monuments of architecture. There are different styles in
the Moscow metro, ranging from complex architectonic solutions to simplified ones (VDNH, Alekseevskaya, etc.) Recently a new branch was opened from Victory Park to Dynamo station, which includes modern design
and innovative technologies.
According to NEW YORK TIMES, the Russian metro is
the most beautiful in the world.
According to the data of the Stroykompleks of Moscow, at
present 65 km and more than 30 metro stations are being constructed in the capital at the same time. Until 2020, according
to the plans of the Moscow government, another 34 stations
should be built, and the length of lines should increase by
more than 70 km.
Text 2
Moscow metro development plan until 2030
The Moscow metro currently has 13 lines with a total
length of more than 340 kilometers. 203 stations take 56% of
all public transport passengers. These figures are impressive,
74
because no other mode of transport can boast of such
achievements. Daily hours-long traffic jams in the Russian
capital force many to change cars for underground transport.
People are willing to endure the inconvenience of the subway,
the crush, stuffiness and lack of personal space, just to get to
the destination on time.
The Moscow metro scheme is becoming more complex every
year, so tourists are advised to familiarize themselves with it
in advance. The Moscow Central ring connects key metro stations, creating a convenient interchange on each line. A total
of 130 trains run on underground transport lines at intervals
of 2-5 minutes. A specific smell accompanies underground
transport, it is mixed with the smell of engine oil and metal.
Most stations are located underground, sometimes quite deep,
so passengers inside the train can occasionally feel changes in
atmospheric pressure
Moscow metro map with stations under construction in 2020.
In 2020, 72 stations were built. The total length of the
new tracks is 160 kilometers and 93% of all Muscovites have
easy access to the metro. About 100 billion rubles are allocated annually for the construction of new metro stations. By the
end of 2020 the Moscow metro has been heavily unloaded
and has become so convenient that most residents of the capital prefer to use it. Some stations have already been approved
and work on their construction will begin in the next few
years.
New metro stations by 2025
The Moscow metro Scheme with stations under construction by 2025 is striking in its scale. It is planned to build
about 650 km of new tracks. It is known that the following
stations will be put into operation:
"People's militia Street"; "Picturesque"; "Strogino"; "TroeceLykovo"; "Rublevo-Arkhangelskoe"; "Ilinskaya" etc
75
All these stations will be part of a new branch line that will
run from Shelepikha to the international financial center in
Krasnogorsk. The project promises to be one of the most ambitious upcoming construction projects. The KalininSolntsevskaya line will most likely be extended to the airport
and will become an underground station for the Aeroexpress
train. The Kommunarovskaya line is planned to be extended
beyond???? Moscow to the region: it can be extended to
Troitsk and further to Krasnaya Pahra. Perhaps another
branch will reach the Rublevo-Arkhangelskoe settlement but
this project has not yet been approved. Residents of Mytishchi are also looking forward to their metro station which is
expected to appear by 2025.
So far its construction is difficult due to legal disputes with
the government of the Moscow region.
Development plan for 2030
The prospects for metro development after 2025 are only being discussed. For example, a new branch line is being approved which will pass through Mytishchi and take passengers to Pushkino, Korolev and Shchelkovo. Now groundbased commuter trains take on most of the passengers (about
8 million a year) and with the advent of underground stations
this number should have been reduced. There should also be
an additional line that will go to New Moscow, the so-called
"Biryulevskaya chord". According to the plans it will connect
Southern and Northern Butovo and Stolbovo stations. The
fact is that the Moscow metro 2030 scheme with stations under construction is only partially planned. Most likely plans to
open new branches will change several more times.
beyond this.”
76
Unit 12
Rail transport in Great Britain
Теxt 1
Word list
Ex. 1. Study the active vocabulary:
1. urban / городской
[ˈɜːbən]
2. glimpse / проблеск, намек, некоторое представление
[ɡlɪmps]
3. optimize / оптимизировать, быть оптимистом
[ˈɒp.tɪ.maɪz]
4. agreement / соглашение, договор, согласие
[əˈɡriːmənt]
overall / общий, полный, всеобщий
[ˌəʊvərˈɔːl]
5. outweighed / перевешивать, быть тяжелее, превосходить в весе
[ˌaʊtˈweɪ]
6. announcements / объявление, анонс, сообщение
[əˈnaʊns.mənt]
7. wider / широкий, большой, обширный
[waɪd]
8. redeveloping / перепланировка
[ˌriː.dɪˈvel.əp]
9. affordable / по средствам, допустимый
[əˈfɔː.də.bl]
10. fit-for / пригодный для
11. approximately / приблизительно, приближенно, почти
[əˈprɒksɪmətli]
12. smoothly / плавно, гладко, ровно
[ˈsmuːðli]
13. rapidly / быстро
[ˈræp.ɪd]
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14. opportunities / возможность, благоприятная возможность, удоб-
ный случай
[ˌɒp.əˈtjuː.nə.ti]
15. forefront / центр деятельности, передний край, передовая линия
[ˈfɔːfrʌnt]
The railway system in Great Britain is the oldest in the
world. Railways were built in Britain in the 1560s and soon
spread across the country. Originally the system was a set of
local rail services organized by small private railway companies. Throughout the XIX century and the beginning of the
XX century they gradually merged or were bought out by
competitors until there were only a few large companies.
The main strong point of the network is the London Knot.
The first locomotive-hauled public railway opened in 1825.
The first long-distance railway was built between the cities of
Liverpool and Manchester. It was designed by George Stephenson and was opened on September15, 1830.
In 1994 and 1995 the British railways were reconstructed
and divided into several companies: infrastructure, maintenance, rolling stock, passenger and freight transport companies, all them privatized between 1996 and 1997.
Privatization did not give a definite answer to correctness of
the chosen restricting decision. Most of the railway track is
managed by Network Rail, which in 2016 had a network of
15,799 kilometers (9,817 mi) of standard-gauge lines, of
which 5,331 kilometers (3,313 mi) were electrified.
The railway network in the United Kingdom consists of
two independent parts- one part in Northern Ireland and the
second in the UK. These lines range from single to quadruple
track or more. In addition, some cities have separate railbased mass transit systems (including the extensive and historic London Underground).
78
Since 1994, the latter has been connected with Europe
through the Channel Tunnel. The Northern Ireland network is
linked to the Republic of Ireland.
In 2016, there were 1.718 billion journeys on the National
Rail network making the British network the fifth most used
in the world (Great Britain ranks 23rd in world population).
Passenger services in Great Britain are divided into regional franchises and run by private train operating companies that is, non-state owned. These companies bid for sevento eight-year contracts to run individual franchises. There are
2,563 passenger railway stations on the Network Rail network. This does not include the London Underground, nor
other systems, which are not part of the national network,
such as heritage railways. Most of them date from the Victorian era and a number of them in or on the edge of town and
city center. Major stations lie for the most part in large cities,
with the largest conurbations, e.g. Liverpool, Birmingham,
Bristol, Cardiff, Edinburgh, Glasgow and Manchester, typically having more than one main station. London is a major
hub of the network, with 12 main-line termini forming a
"ring" around central London.
Freight trains are operated by trucking companies, such as
EWS. Their difference from the former companies is that they
are completely commercial аnd are not financed by the government. Most train operation companies do not have their
own locomotives and wagons. Instead, they are required to
rent them from one of their three operation companies: Rolling Stock Operating Companies, Bombardier n Alstom. Their
difference from the former companies is that they are completely commercial and are not financed by the government.
Most train operation companies do not have their own locomotives and wagons. Instead they are required to rent them
from one of their three operation companies: Rolling Stock
Operating Companies, Bombardier and Alstom.
79
Text 2
Innovations on GB railway
The GB railway services a wide variety of user
needs and geographies.
Unlike most European countries, there is no single national
carrier in the UK. After the reform of the 1980s, there are two
and a half dozen separate companies in the country, each of
which serves a particular line or region. At the same time on
many lines competing several carriers.
Some companies deal only with long-haul transport
(for example, Virgin Trains, East Coast or Cross Country),
some - only for suburban (for example, First Capital Connect,
Southern or Merseyrail), some combine one with another
(First Great Western, London Midland, Southeastern or South
West Trains). Finally, there are companies with just one route
- for example, Heathrow Express and Heathrow Connect.
Since the Rail Technical Strategy was published, in
2012, a range of programmes have been running which have
produced a catalogue of innovative technology-based solutions to the challenges facing the GB railway industry. There
are currently 12 capability areas. I will review a few of them.
Intelligent trains - Intelligent trains will be aware of
themselves and their surroundings, knowing where they need
to be and when, and able to automatically adjust journeys to
meet demand. The company Hitachi, having transferred part
of its production to Europe, decided to start producing not
only fast, but also “smart” trains. That was the way Hitachi
Rail Europe was founded - a symbiosis of engineering and
information technology. In 2004, Japanese trains arrived in
the UK. First, the old English trains changed the high-speed
High Speed 1 and Javelin 395, and then Hitachi launched the
train-as-service project, the first railway modernization pro-
ject in the company’s history using the collection means, data
storage and analysis.
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