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27. It won’t be fair if I don’t say
that Minsk is also a big industrial
centre, with lots of enterprises
manufacturing all kinds of products – from heavy trucks and tractors to wrist watches and sparkling
wine.
28. A number of cities all over
the world have got twin-town relations with Minsk – suffice it to
mention Detroit, Michigan and
Bakersfield, California in the
USA, Nottingham in Britain, Bangalore in India, Sendai in Japan,
and Lyon in France.
29. I’m really proud of Minsk, the
capital of Belarus and would like
to see it even more beautiful and
attractive for tourists and investors, hopefully, in the near future.
TASK 1
27. Будет несправедливо, если я не
скажу о том, что Минск – крупный
промышленный город с множеством
предприятий, производящих всевозможную продукцию – от большегрузных тягачей и тракторов до наручных
часов и игристого вина.
28. Минск имеет побратимские связи
с рядом городов мира – достаточно
назвать Детройт в штате
Мичиган и
Бейкерсфилд в Калифорнии (США),
Ноттингем в Великобритании, Бангалор в Индии, Сэндай в Японии и Лион
во Франции.
29. Я на самом деле горжусь Минском, столицей Беларуси, и хотел бы
видеть его еще более красивым и привлекательным для туристов и инвесторов, что, надеюсь, произойдет в
ближайшем
будущем.
Find the English equivalents of the following Russian expressions and put
them down in the right-hand column:
- я иногда провожу для них экскурсию по городу
- я начинаю свою экскурсию с площади Независимости
- в настоящее время площадь реконструируется
- один из немногих … сохранившийся с войны
- происхождение названия города
- бывший Менск
- которая раньше была здесь, но давно высохла
- инженерный корпус метрополитена
- Минский городской совет
- кстати
о метро
- самый удобный общественный транспорт
- введен в действие
211
- именно с площади Независимости начинается
- самая длинная улица Минска
- часть шоссе, соединяющего Москву и Берлин
- вдоль всей улицы можно увидеть липы, посаженные …
- для увековечения дня освобождения
- дело в том, что
- на белорусском языке июль назван месяцем липы – лiпень
- я бы разделил эту улицу на три
части
- первая была отстроена сразу после войны
- в начале пятидесятых годов
- от главпочтамта до пересечения с улицей Козлова
- если повернуть налево после того как вы дойдете до ГУМа
- улица, названная в честь реки Немиги
- течет в трубах под землей
- впервые упомянут в старых летописях
- сочетает элементы старой
и современной архитектуры
- Екатерининская церковь
- церковь Святого Духа
- представительства авиакомпаний
- дворец спорта
- вернувшись на проспект
Независимости, мы можем дойти до …
- вечный огонь
- подпольное и партизанское движение
- получил звание города-героя
- за большой вклад в победу над фашизмом
- у нас много современных памятников выдающимся ученым
- государственный художественный музей
- картины, которые были вынуты из запасников
- выставлено лишь около 20% экспонатов музея
- стоит отметить за вклад
в национальную культуру
- фашисты использовали его (театр) как конюшню
- будет несправедливо, если я не скажу …
- с множеством предприятий, производящих …
- от грузовиков и тракторов до часов и игристого вина
- имеют побратимские связи с Минском
- мне хотелось бы видеть его еще более … привлекательным для туристов и инвесторов
212
TASK 2
Answer the following questions for self-control:
1. What is the best place to start a city tour of Minsk?
2. What is the main street of the city?
3. What is of special interest about Independence Avenue?
4. When was the first part of this street restored?
5. What is the origin of the name Minsk?
6. When was Minsk first mentioned in the chronicles?
7. What places and buildings in Minsk have been preserved since old
times?
8. Do you know the historic names of central streets and parks in the city?
9. What is your favourite spot in Minsk?
10. What can you say about the public transport in Minsk?
11. What industries are there in Minsk?
12. What cultural events in Minsk are worth mentioning?
13. Which of the theatres is the best in Minsk, in your opinion?
14. What can make Minsk more beautiful and attractive?
Section 2: TEXT FOR COMPREHENSION
TASK 1
Read the text.
§ 1. ‘Do you all know what I mean by a heifer [a young cow]? And a
Friesian [a variety of a cow]?’ Hands shot up quickly in answer to questions
posed by farmer’s wife Gillian Hill. I was accompanying a class of 12-yearolds from a school in walking round Tower Hill Farm, a 160-acre dairy farm
near Dorking, Surrey. Forty 15-year-olds from a London school were due the
next day
§ 2. Educational visits to farms are very popular with schools, as environmental studies become more and more part of the program. About
3,000,000 schoolchildren a year now make farm visits.
§ 3. However, the pressures of modern farming do not leave farmers with
much spare time for visiting schoolchildren. This is where their wives are
213
stepping in. They are developing farm visits for school groups as a sideline
. It
is a satisfying new interest and can also bring in some extra money.
§ 4. ‘We hit
on the idea originally because we were plagued by vandalism,’ Mrs Hill told me. ‘We thought that if we invited children from the local
schools to see how the farm worked, they might respect the countryside
more.’
§ 5. The scheme quickly snowballed, and now Mrs Hill has an average of
three groups a week, except in winter, from a wide area. She has produced a
set of notes and a plan of the farm and also a kind of test. The charge is 30p
per head for a two-hour walk which includes watching the milking – always a
highlight.
§ 6. Typically, Mrs Hill developed the farm visits when her own four
children were at school and she wanted a job. Like many farmers’ wives, she
has agricultural training, so it was a logical outlet for her talents – and less
difficult than working full-time on the farm itself.
§ 7. Nothing has been changed for the visits, so the children can see the
normal, everyday routine of a commercial farm. However, some farms have
simple classrooms in outbuildings, and children get orange juice.
§ 8. Being confronted by a group of children ready to ask clever questions is quite an experience when farmers’ wives first take on their new role.
But as we stood in a ploughed two-acre field, examining the soil and learning
the basic things about making silage [силос], it was obvious how much Mrs
Hill now enjoys passing on her knowledge of life on a farm.
§ 9. ‘It’s very rewarding to get letters, paintings or essays from the children afterwards,’ she said. ‘Being in the countryside is a wonderful new experience for many and as they pour off
the coach they instinctively rush to
jump in the nearest puddle!’
§ 10. ‘My husband grew up in London so he is particularly pleased to
give town children these opportunities. But we also hope the visit helps them
appreciate the realities of farming – the problems as well as the advantages.’
§ 11. Mrs Hill insists on discussing details of the visit with the teacher
beforehand so that she can adapt her tour according to the age and interests of
the particular children. She prefers to take eight-year-olds and over, though
some farms cater
particularly for the younger ones, especially farms rearing
lambs, ducks and chickens.
§ 12. ‘Teachers also have to be fully aware of the dangers which exist on
any farm. Discipline throughout is essential, and when I say “don’t poke your
fingers in the milking machinery” I expect the children to obey.’
From The Daily Telegraph
214
TASK 2
Choose the correct answer.
1. What do the two questions at the beginning of this text illustrate?
A What kind of questions are usually asked by young children.
В What sort of animals are popular with children.
С What sort of things are talked about during a farm visit.
D What type of questions town people never know the answer to.
2. Why do farmers leave the educational visits to their wives?
A Their wives are better at handling schoolchildren.
В Their wives are more interested in teaching schoolchildren about life
on a farm.
С They are too busy doing their own work.
D They prefer to use their spare time to enjoy themselves.
3. ‘They are developing farm visits for school groups as a sideline.’ (§ 3) As a
sideline to what?
A To educational visits.
В To lessons inside the school building.
С To other free-time activities.
D To work on the farm.
4. Why is vandalism mentioned by Mrs Hill (§ 4)?
To explain …
A what makes farm visits a nice change from city life.
В what makes farm visits difficult to run.
С why farm visits were impossible in the past.
D why farm visits were started by her in the first place.
5. What is meant by ‘The scheme quickly snow balled’ (§ 5)?
A All of the Hills’ neighbours have started organising educational
tours.
В Mrs Hill’s activities were soon known all over the country.
С Mrs Hill soon started organising educational visits regularly.
D The local schools have made farm visits part of their program.
6. it in § 6 can be replaced by …
A organising educational visits.
В running a farm.
С teaching agriculture at school.
D wanting a job.
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7. Sometimes ‘children get orange juice’ (the end of § 7). This is mentioned
to illustrate the fact that …
A some of the farms give the children products they have grown them-
selves.
В some of the farms provide something extra for the visiting children.
С there are children who like farm visits for the wrong reason.
D there are farmers who consider a farm visit a holiday from school.
8. What was ‘obvious’ (the last sentence in § 8) to the writer of this article?
A Mrs Hill herself enjoys living on a farm.
В Mrs Hill really likes telling visiting children about life on a farm.
С Mrs Hill’s knowledge of farm life is quite impressive.
D Mrs Hill's stories are liked very much by her visitors.
9. Mrs Hill says that the children ‘rush to jump in the nearest puddle’ (the end
of § 9) to illustrate the fact that …
A they are enthusiastic about finding things that town life does not of-
fer them.
В they are excited because they are not used to making school trips.
С they do not notice the puddles in time because they are not used to
them.
D they need a bit of exercise after the coach ride.
10. From what is said about Mr Hill in the first sentence of § 10 (‘My husband... opportunities.’) it is clear that …
A he enjoys living in the country even more than his wife does.
В he enjoys taking over his wife’s task now and then.
С he knows from experience that town children will enjoy a farm visit.
D he knows very well that town children do not care about farm life.
11. Why does Mrs Hill discuss details of the visit with the teacher beforehand
(§11)?
A To find out how much the teacher has already told the children about
farming.
В То find out what sort of tour is best for the children she is going to
show around. С То make sure the teacher and the children
will know exactly what to expect.
D To make sure the teacher will prepare the children well for the visit.
216
12. What is the main reason why Mrs Hill considers discipline essential during school visits (§ 12)?
She does not want the schoolchildren to …
A behave like vandals.
В disturb the work on the farm.
С get hurt.
D tease the animals.
TASK 3
Choose the right synonym of the word according to the text.
1. a sideline (§ 3)
A a minor thing
B a home project
C an addition
2. to hit on (§ 4)
A to discover
B to think of
C to develop
3. to plague (§ 4)
A to attack
B to bother
C to neglect
4. to pour off (§ 9)
A to escape
B to hop off
C to take off
5. to cater for (§ 11)
A to allow
B to admit
C to receive
6. to rear (§ 11)
A to raise
B to feed
C to take care of
217
TASK 4
Choose the right variant of translation according to the text.
1. Educational visits to farms are very popular with schools, as environmental
studies become more and more part of the program. (§ 2)
A Образовательные визиты на фермы очень популярны среди
школ, так как изучение окружающей среды все больше и больше становится частью школьной программы.
B Образовательные визиты на фермы очень популярны среди
школ по мере того, как изучение окружающей среды все чаще
становится частью школьной программы.
C Учебные экскурсии на фермы пользуются
большой популярно-
стью в школах, так как изучение окружающей среды все чаще
становится частью школьной программы.
2. This is where their wives are stepping in. (§ 3)
A И тут подключаются их жены.
B Вот где их жены уступают.
C Именно здесь вступают их жены.
3. We thought that if we invited children from the local schools to see how
the farm worked, they might respect the countryside more. (§ 4)
A Мы подумали, что если мы пригласили детей из местных школ
посмотреть, как работают фермы, то они будут уважать сельскую местность больше.
B Мы думали, что если мы пригласим детей из местных школ по-
смотреть, как работают фермы, то они, возможно, с большим
уважением будут относиться к селу.
C
Мы думали, что если мы пригласим детей из местных школ поработать на ферме, то они смогут с большим уважением относиться к селу.
4. Teachers also have to be fully aware of the dangers which exist on any
farm. (§ 12)
A Учителя также должны в полной мере осознавать, что на любой
ферме есть опасности.
B Учителя также должны быть полностью осведомлены о тех
фермах, где имеются опасности.
C Учителя также должны иметь полное представление о тех опас-
ностях, которые имеются на каждой ферме.
218
UNIT 23
OUTSTANDING PEOPLE OF BELARUS
Section 1: TOPIC FOR DISCUSSION
OUTSTANDING PEOPLE OF BELARUS ВЫДАЮЩИЕСЯ ЛЮДИ БЕЛАРУСИ
1. Speaking about outstanding
people of a country is both easy and
difficult, since it’s all about making
choices and preferences.
2. I really wouldn’t like to follow a
stereotype road of discussing the
personalities that are known to all.
3. My idea is to talk about those
whose contribution is very important
but who are not so widely known
among common people.
4. One of such personalities is
Ivan Chersky, or Jan Czerski
(1845-1892) who is both the Belarusian and Polish great scientist – geologist, geographer, paleontologist
and researcher of Siberia.
5. He was born in the Vitebsk re-
gion and studied both there and in
Vilno (now Vilnius).
6. For his participation in the antitsarist movement for the independence of his motherland he was arrested and exiled as a soldier to
Omsk, Siberia.
7. It was in Siberia that together
with the local scientists he started
conducting studies of the Omsk
neighbourhood and later on of lake
Baikal.
8. He created the first geographical
map of the Baikal as well as of the
Nizhnyaya Tunguska river.
1. Говорить о выдающихся людях
страны и легко, и трудно, так как
всё это вопрос выбора и предпочтений.
2. Я действительно не хочу следовать стереотипам и рассказывать о
хорошо известных всем людях.
3. Мне кажется, стоит поговорить о
тех, кто не так широко известен, но
чей вклад является очень важным.
4. К таким личностям относится
Иван Черский (1845-1892), который является великим белорусским
и польским ученым – геологом,
палеонтологом и исследователем
Сибири.
5. Он родился в Витебской области
и учился у себя на родине и в Вильно (сейчас – Вильнюс).
6. За участие в движении против
царизма за независимость своей
родины его арестовали и
сослали в
солдаты в город Омск в Сибири.
7. Именно в Сибири вместе с местными учеными он начал проводить
исследование Омского региона и
позднее – озера Байкал.
8. Он создал первую географическую карту Байкала, а также реки
Нижняя Тунгуска.
219
9. In 1869 he was released from
service for health reasons but was
kept in exile for another 14 years.
10. In 1871 Chersky moved to
Irkutsk and studied the Sayan mountains as well as the Sayan and Angara
regions.
11. It was not until 1885 that he was
allowed to return to St. Petersburg
where he was invited by the Academy of Sciences.
12. In 1891-93 Chersky went to
Siberia again to explore the Indigirka
and Kolyma rivers.
13. During this expedition he died
and was buried in Kolymski settlement at the mouth of the Omolon river.
14. Many of Chersky’s discoveries
are of great importance and significance.
15. Suffice it to mention that his
discovery of a camp of prehistoric
men of the Paleolithic Age caused a
sensation, because it was believed
that only in Europe there were such
old camps.
16. Chersky formulated the idea of
the relief evolution in 1878.
17. He was awarded three gold
medals of the Russian Geographic
Society.
18. His works include “The Results
of Lake Baikal Study” and “On Geology of Inner Asia” (1886).
19. A number of places in Siberia,
for example, in Yakutia and the Magadan region were named in his honour.
20. I was really impressed by the
great contribution of Ivan Chersky to
the world science and that’s why I
thought it was worth sharing his biography with you.
9. В 1869 году его освободили от
службы по состоянию здоровья, но
еще в течение 14 лет держали в ссылке.
10. В 1871 году Черский переехал в
Иркутск и стал изучать Саянские
горы, а также регионы Саян и Ангары.
11. Лишь в 1885 году ему разрешили вернуться в Петербург, куда он
был приглашен Академией
Наук.
12. В 1891-93 годах Черский снова
ездил в Сибирь для изучения рек
Индигирки и Колымы.
13. Во время этой экспедиции он
умер и был похоронен в поселке
Колымский в устье реки Омолонь.
14. Многие открытия Черского
представляют большое научное
значение.
15. Достаточно вспомнить, что открытие Черским стоянки доисторических людей эпохи палеолита
вызвало сенсацию, так как до этого
считали, что только в Европе были
такие древние стоянки.
16. Черский сформулировал идею
об эволюции рельефа в 1878 году.
17. Его наградили тремя золотыми
медалями Российского географического общества.
18. Среди его трудов – «Результаты
изучения озера Байкал» и «О геологии внутренней Азии» (1886 год).
19. Ряд
мест в Сибири, например в
Якутии и Магаданской области,
названы в его честь.
20. На меня произвел действительно большое впечатление вклад
Ивана Черского в мировую науку,
вот почему мне показалось, что
стоит поделиться с вами фактами
его биографии.
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