Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Взгляд на фармацию. Учебное пособие для студентов фармацевтического факультета
.pdf
3. In Sweden it is called ‘Field Hop’ and has been used in the
manufacture of beer.
6. Find in the text sentences with Complex Subject. Translate
them.
7. Answer the following questions.
1. Where does Yarrow grow?
2. What gardens is it cultivated in?
3. When does it ower?
4. What is another popular name for it?
5. What parts of this plant can be used?
6. How is the infusion made?
7. What reputation has it got?
8. Discuss with your partner the peculiarities of Yarrow use.
9. Give the summary of the text paying attention to the medicinal
action of this plant.
10. Render in English.
()
. . , ,
. , , , , .
XVI XVII . – . .
. .
, , , -
141
, , .
, . .
Lesson 19.
1. Learn the four forms of irregular verbs:
to cost cost cost costing -
to lay laid laid laying -
to pay paid paid paying -
to shake shook shaken shaking -
to wake woke woken waking -
2. Read and translate the sentences. Analyse the tense-forms.
1. Water is puried by distillation. 2. A lot of drugs are made from
medicinal plants. 3. e periodic law of elements was discovered
by the great Russian scientist Mendeleev. 4. Bilberry leaves were
used as an antidiabetic during the war. 5. e medicinal properties
of digitalis have been known for a long time. 6. In recent years
hundreds of wild herbs have been analyzed and tested. 7. Aloe was
known to the Greeks as early as the IV-th century.
3. Make up as many questions as possible.
1. Digitalis and diuretics are used to treat heart failure.
2. is ointment helps to heal wounds.
ST. JOHN’S WORT (HYPERICUM PERFORATUM)
Tasks:
4. Read and translate the sentences. Pay attention to the
prepositions «because» and «because of».
1. We can work in the laboratory because we know the scientic
methods. 2. Penicillin is an important antibiotic because of
its antiseptic properties. 3. Ancient Greeks and Chinese used
142
moulds and plants to treat infections because some moulds
produce antibiotic substances. 4. Adonis preparations are mainly
used for their action on cardiac muscles because of the presence
of cardiac glycosides. 4. If your insomnia does not improve aer
7 to 10 days of treatment, see your doctor, because it may be a
sign of an underlying condition.
5. Read and translate the sentences with Complex Subject.
1. Every human or animal cell is considered to have three main
parts.2. He was known to be the best specialist in this eld. 3. e new
substance turned out to be a compound of carbon. 4. Streptomycin
is known to be the substance of the highest antibacterial activity.
5. e temperature is likely to rise again. 6. Vitamin D is known
to be antirachitic substance. 7. Many substances which are readily
absorbed by the organism prove to be harmful, and many harmless
substances prove to be dicult for organism to absorb.
6. Read and translate the sentences. Dene tense-forms.
1. Commercial cultivation of a large number of medicinal plants
has been taken up in recent years in several countries. 2. is book
contains monographs for Indian medicinal plants. 3. While clinical
usage of such herbs has been extensively documented in ancient
texts, exhaustive plant proles are lacking for most plants, especially
with regard to phytochemicals and their biosynthetic pathways.
4. is knowledge will be useful to herbal medicine manufacturers,
faculties of pharmacy as well as the serving scientists engaged
in Pharmacognosy, phytochemistry and drug development
from natural products. 8. He is working at the Department of
Pharmaceutical Technology at the University in India.
7. Read and learn the following words and word combinations:
astringent –
expectorant –
nervine –
ulcer –
in case of –
cause – ,
nervous tension –
liniment – ,
143
in accordance with – heal –
sore – ,
boil –
poultice –
burnout –
malignant
benign
–
–
phlegm –
lotion –
8. Read and translate the text.
ST. JOHN’S WORT (HYPERICUM PERFORATUM)
St. John’s Wort is used in the treatment of depression, pain,
neuralgia, anxiety and nervous tension.
Bodily inuence: alternative, antibacterial, antidepressant,
antifungal, antiinammatory, antispasmodic, antitumour, antiviral,
aromatic, astringent, diuretic, expectorant, nervine, sedative,
vulnerary.
Part used: herb, tops, owers.
St. John’s Wort History
According to legends surrounding St. John’s Wort, it was esposed
by St. John of Jerusalem who is said to have used it in the time of the
Crusades as a battleeld balm for its abilities to clean and heal some
terrible battle wounds. It is said to have worked so well that legends
are built around it.
St. John’s Wort Benets
In accordance with the legend of wound healing during the
Crusades, we nd agreement in modern times. St. John’s Wort
today has been found to be very benecial in healing wounds and
is especially good for dirty, septic wounds.St. John’s Wort has been
used in case of putrid leg ulcers, that noting heals. Like the leach
that was used not too many years ago for wound cleansing it does
not destroy the healthy tissues and healthy cells but it cleans the
dirt out of septic wounds. It helps reduce the inammation in septic
sores, in boils, in cellulite and lymphangitis.
e compound Hypericin was isolated from St. John’s Wort in
1942 and has been an anti-depressant for emotionally disturbed
144
people. is tranquilizing quality from small quantities Hypericin
increase blood ow to the stressed tissue. ere is a reduced
capillary fragility and enhanced uterine tone due to the increased
hypotensive blood ow.
St. John’s Wort Side Eects
e use of St. John’s Wort has been shown to demonstrate a
side eect producing a photosensitivity. Hypericin is absorbed in
the intestines and concentrates near the skin. An allergic reaction
takes place when those with light fair skin are exposed sunlight.
at exposure causes tissue damage and in some cases death has
resulted. While taking St. John’s Wort one should avoid strong
sunlight whether the skin is dark or light. ere is a photosensitizing
substance produced under the skin by this exposure to sunlight that
causes the skin to burn.
St. John’s Wort Uses
St. John’s Wort relieves pain, it has a sedative eect, and it is used
for treatment of neuralgia, anxiety and nervous tension. It can be
applied as liniment or poultice to relieve pain, for treatment over
the spine for relief of nervous diseases that are related to the spine,
sciatica, neuralgia, rheumatic pains, as a lotion for pain relief, eases
bruises.
Among the uses for St. John’s Wort are a variety of conditions
such as Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, and mental burnout.
St. John’s Wort is used for control of viral infections, for
reduction and control of tumor growths, both malignant and
benign.
St. John’s Wort is also known to be useful for pulmonary
complaints, bladder trouble, suppression of urine, dysentery, worms
and nervous depression.
St. John’s Wort acts to dissolve and remove tumor and also
boils. It calms the nerves and increases the ow of urine.
It is an excellent blood cleanser and blood purier.
St. John’s Wort is used to relieve phlegm obstructions in the
chest and lungs. It is benecial with bronchitis and is known to
eliminate all signs of the ailment.
145
It is known to be valuable for treating internal bleeding.
St. John’s Wort is very good in chronic uterine problems and
will correct irregular and painful menstruation.
St. John’s Wort contains an alkaloid that is a heart and artery
stimulant.
Tasks:
1. Dene the parts of speech.
Purify, purier, ailment, internal, painful, cleanser, especially,
healthy, emotionally, exposure, inammation.
2. Give Russian equivalents to the following word combinations.
Disturbed people, stressed tissue, reduced fragility, enhanced
uterine tone, increased blood ow, produced substances.
3. Make the sentences interrogative.
1. Our chemical labs are equipped with special apparatus.
2. e word «botany» is derived from the Greek word for a
herb or a plant. 3. e Foxglove was introduced into London
Pharmacopoeia in 1650. 4. Digitalis has been used by physicians
for over 200 years to treat heart diseases. 5. Most drugs today are
made by chemical processes. 6. e roots of Dandelion are used
to make coee. 7. e patient was allowed to take this analgetic.
4. Scan the text above to pick out the sentences with Complex
Subject and translate them.
5. Read and translate the sentences. Pay attention to the
prepositions «because» and «because of».
1. Because of the diuretic properties celery and horseradish
are recommended for arthritis suerers. 2. Common forms of
antibiotic misuse include failure to take the entire prescribed
course of the antibiotic, usually because the patient feels better.
3. e nal decision to ban uoroquinolones from use in poultry
146
production was not made until 5 years later because of challenges
from the food animal and pharmaceutical industries. 4. Digitalis is
a heart stimulant because of its powerful action and it is specic
for some types of heart diseases. 5. Anorexia, nausea and vomiting
occur because of stimulation of the emetic center. 6. Treatment
with the β-blockers must never be stopped quickly because of the
rick of precipitating cardiac arrhythmias, which may be severe.
7. Inhalation is preferred because the drug is delivered directly to
the target tissue.
6. Answer the questions to the text.
1. When and for what was St. John’s Wort used for the rst time
according to the legend?
2. What is St. John’s Wort especially good for in modern times?
3. It does not destroy the healthy tissues and healthy cells but it
cleans the dirt out of septic wounds, doesn’t it?
4. Where does it help to reduce the inammation?
5. When was the compound of Hypericin isolated from St. John’s
Wort?
6. What are St. John’s Wort side eects? What should one avoid
while taking it?
7. When is it used?
7. It is interesting to know
Dene the word-building elements and translate the words.
Plant pathology = phytopathology studies plant diseases.
Paleobotany studies fossi plants.
Genetics studies bacteria.
Mycology studies fungi.
Algology studies algae.
Bryology studies mosses.
Agrostology studies grasses.
147
8. Render it in English.
–«» - , . , , ,
, , . ,
. , , .
,
e .
– . , .
2-3
.
, , : , ,
50 .
, , .
Lesson 20.
1. Read and translate words with the given suxes and prexes.
Calcareous, formerly, weakness, useful, unpleasant, truth,
indigenous, merely, roundish, numerous, pinkish, antispasmodic,
excitement, disorder, passivity, infusion, strengthen.
148
MOTHERWORT
Tasks:
2. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to tense-forms.
1. e leaves are usually the principle photosynthetic organs of
the plant. 2. e aloe leaves contain a resinous juice in which there
are several glycosides. 3. Plants derive inorganic nutrients from
soil, water and atmosphere. 4. Plants that live only one year are
called annuals. 5. Some side eects may be serious. 6. According to
their length of the life the plans have been classied as annual, biennial and perennial. 7. ere are four important dierent groups
of plants.
3. Find the sentences in Passive.
1. e new properties of this plant have been discovered recently.
2. ese chemical substances can come from many dierent sources: from plants or animals. 3. e poisonous nature of Foxglove
leaves was well known and drug was recommended by Parkinson
in 1640. 4. ey were making their experiment from 5 to. 5. Most
of the herbs which the ancient physicians gave to their patients did
not work. 6. About forty species of Salvia are recognized in Europe.
7. Eucalyptus oil is used chiey in the treatment of nose and throat
diseases, malaria, and other fever.
4. Read and translate the sentences with Complex Subject.
1. Carbon is known to occur in two crystalline forms which dier
strikingly in their properties. 2. e source of infection was sure to
be the water from the nearest river. 3. Adonis vernalis appears to
be about ten times as powerful as digitoxin. 4. In ancient times, no
drug proved to be really eectivein reducing the pain and shock of
operations. 5. Hormones were reportedto aect metabolism and the
function of the cardiovascular system.
5. Dene the ing-forms in these sentences.
1. e owering stem is 2 to 2 1/2 feet high and whitish, being
closely covered with ne silky hairs. 2. e essential oil of the
herb is used as a worm-expeller, the spirituous extract being
preferable to that distilled in water. 3. e leaves and owers are
149
very bitter, with a characteristic odour, resembling that of thuja one.
4. Besides being strewn in chambers as Tusser recommended, it used
to be laid among stus and furs to keep away moths and insects.
5. According to the Ancients, Wormwood counteracted the eects of
poisoning by hemlock, toadstools and the biting of the sea-dragon.
6. e small, nearly globular owerheads are arranged in an erect,
leafy panicle, the leaves of the ower-stalks being reduced to three,
or even one linear segment, and the little owers themselves being
pendulous and of a greenish-yellow tint. 7. When the drying process
is completed, pack away at once in airtight boxes, as otherwise the
herbs will absorb about 12 per cent moisture from the air.
6. Read and translate the sentences. Pay attention to the
prepositions.
1. e importance of plants as a major source of therapeutic agents
has assumed greater importance during the recent years because
of the remarkable revival in the use of plants for healthcare in the
last two decades throughout the world. 2. While there are plenty of
books on medical plants on a general basis, this book focuses on
trees having medicinal value. 3. No toxic eects due to overdose
are noted since the molecule is well tolerated even at high doses.
4. Aer the skin has healed, Locacorten should be applied at least
once daily fora further1-2 weeks in order to prevent any recurrence
of the disease. 5. Captopril (Capoten) may be used in addition to
diuretics (water pills) when one medication has not be found to
control blood pressure or congestive heart failure satisfactorily.
7. Words and word combinations to be remembered.
alcareous –
garden escape –
labiate –
palmate –
calyx –
stout – ,
150
reticulate – ,
veinlet –
bract –
– ,
whorl
sessile – ,
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]