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4. Read and translate sentences with Participle I. Dene the
functions of these participles.
1. e man living next door is the professor of our Academy.
2. Living in the hostel we always help each other with our homework.
3. He is reading a book now. 4. Reading much every day he learns a
lot of new words. 5. People travelling much know many interesting
stories. 6. Travelling all over the world, the scientist visited many
interesting places and collected important material. 7. She was
writing a report the whole day yesterday.
5. Read and translate the sentences. Make them interrogative.
1. English is becoming a universal language on our planet. 2. We
were writing our test paper from ten till half past eleven yesterday.
3. He is still taking his digitalis. 4. ese two substances are interacting
with each other quickly. 5. ese students will be obtaining pure
hydrogen. 6. Students are describing the properties of bacteria now.
7. Tomorrow at 9 o’clock we shall be taking our exam in organic
chemistry.
6. Read and translate the sentences. Pay attention to the word
«one».
1. In some cases one may see at once that a substance is
heterogeneous, that is a mixture of dierent substances. 2. In order
to learn the properties of a substance one must have it in its pure
form. 3. One should know these problems. 4. One needs to learn
foreign languages to read scientic papers.5. One should look aer
one’s health.
7. Read and translate the sentences. Analyse tense-forms.
1.
Medicinal plants possess very valuable constituents
2. Chemistry and physics are closely interrelated. 3. Hemoglobin
carries oxygen to the muscles and organs. 4. We obtained pure
oxygen and studied its properties.5. Comparatively few of the
elements occur in a free state in nature.6. Interferon was discovered
in 1956. 7. Many modern drugs do not work.
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.
8. Read and learn the following words and word combinations:
pharmacy – ; ;
branch of science
–
remedy –
pharmacognosy –
administration – ,
forensic chemistry –
to compound – ,
to dispense –
(лекарства)
to dene –
pharmacopoeia –
to contain –
a list of substances –
description –
formula –
chemical composition –
physical properties –
exposure to air –
stable – ,
to attract moisture –
proper –
to pack –
to store –
to retard deterioration –
source –
distribution –
identication – ,
purity –
to demand special knowledge
–
9. Read and translate the text.
PHARMACY AS A SCIENCE
Pharmacy as a science is generalization of related branches
of science studying dierent elds of knowledge about medical
remedies.
It includes six branches of science:
pharmaceutical chemistry;
pharmacology;
pharmacognosy;
pharmacy administration;
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pharmacy technology;
forensic chemistry.
e word «pharmacy» is also used to designate the place where
medicines are compounded, dispensed and sold.
Pharmacology is broadly dened as the science of drugs.
A pharmacopoeia is a book containing a list of medicinal
substances with description, tests and formulas for preparing
the same. e pharmacopoeial names of chemical substances do
not always represent their chemical composition.
e ocial description usually includes its physical properties
such as colour, crystalline and other forms, odour, taste and the
result of exposure to air.It is important for the pharmacist to know
whether chemicals are stable or whether they lose to attract moisture.
e Pharmacopoeia describes also the proper method of packaging
and storing the drug to prevent or retard deterioration.
Pharmacognosy is the science which embraces the history, source,
cultivation, collection, preparation, distribution, identication,
composition, purity and preservation of drugs of vegetable and
animal origin.
All these subjects dene the pharmacist’s eld of work.
e title «pharmacist» is conferred upon a person who
demonstrates that he is scientically and personally capable of
engaging in the practice of pharmacy. To become a pharmacist one
should achieve knowledge of dierent subjects, such as physics,
chemistry, botany, etc. is profession demands special knowledge,
experience and high professional standards.
Tasks:
1. Look through the list of words and group them into four
categories: verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs. Translate them
into Russian.
Pharmacist, collection, personally, chemical, preservation,
exposure, broadly, physical, dierent, scientically, composition,
include, usually, medicinal, important, know, ocial, demonstrate.
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2. Give the four forms of the verbs. Learn them by heart.
Become, fall, feel, get, to go, lose, put, sell.
3. Find in the text and read out English equivalents.
; ;
; ; ;
; () ;
() ; ,
; ;
.
4. Find in the text the denitions of the following words:
Pharmacy, pharmacist, pharmacognosy, pharmacology,
pharmacopoeia.
5. Find in the text sentences with Participles. Dene their
functions.
6. Choose the proper form of Participle.
1. Drugs (containing, contained) Valerian are used as sedatives.
2. ere are 180 species (growing, grown) in dry parts of Africa.
3. e grape sugar (glucose) (forming, formed) in photosynthesis
is transported to every cell of the plant.
4. Aloe is genus of plants (belonging, belonged) to the family
Liliaceae.
5. Drugs (using, used) for the treatment of eye diseases have a pink
colour.
6. When (heating, heated) in the air, carbon slowly burns to carbon
dioxide.
7. e prescription (writing, written) out by the doctor was for a
cough mixture.
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7. Read and translate these sentences. Analyse tense-forms. Use
them in Past Tense.
1. Modern chemistry is connected with other sciences.
2. e name of the greatest Russian scientist D.I. Mendeleyev is
known all over the world.
3. e academic year is divided into two terms.
4. Many drugs, mixtures, tinctures, decoctions, pills and others are
prepared at the pharmacy.
5. Much attention is paid to the problem of training specialists in
pharmacy.
6. Our chemical laboratory is equipped rather well: microscopes,
burners, thermometers.
7. e vitamins are widely distributed in nature.
8. Find in the text above the sentences in Passive. Translate them.
9. Answer the questions.
1. What is pharmacy?
2. What branches of science does it include?
3. Is pharmacology broadly dened as the science of drug?
4. Do the pharmacopoeial names of chemical substances always
represent their chemical composition?
5. What does the ocial description include?
6. e Pharmacopoeia describes also the proper method of
packaging and storing the drug to prevent or retard deterioration,
doesn’t it?
7. What is pharmacognosy?
8. What should one achieve to become a pharmacist?
10. Give the summary of the text.
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Lesson 9.
1. Dene the function of the verb «to be». Translate them into
Russian.
1. Valerian is a tall, straight, perennial herbaceous plant. 2. e
word «botany» is derived from the Greek word for an herb or a
plant. 3. e roots are 6-15 cm long. 4. Rhizomes together with
roots are widely used in medicine. 5. ese drugs were in the pink
box. 6. e students are collecting medicinal herbs at the Botanical
Station. 7. e main principle of phytotherapy is to collect plants
from the unpolluted areas.
2. Read and translate the sentences. Analyse the function of
Participle I.
1. He was cleaning the lab. 2. ey are writing the exercise. 3.
She was correcting the answers. 4. He is opening the bottle. 5. e
teacher is marking my paper. 6. We were repeating the answers.
7. She is using my ball pen. 8. He is drinking impure water. 9.
What are you speaking about? 10. e varying changes in the air
inuence the temperature of the skin. 11. We are so busy with the
coming exam session. 12. Observing the reactions students make
some notes.
PHARMACEUTICAL TRAINING IN RUSSIA
Tasks:
3. Compare the sentences in the le and the right columns.
Continuous Active Continuous Passive
He is taking this medicine the
whole month.
ese students are obtaining
pure hydrogen.
4. Read the sentences and translate them. Change them according
to the model above.
1. A pharmacist is mixing substances in the test-tube. 2. A chemistis
observing a reaction now. 3. e students are taking examination in
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is medicine is being taken
the whole month.
Pure hydrogen is being obtained by these students.
chemistry at that time. 4. We are studying the properties of carbon
now. 5. e lab assistant is doing the laboratory work at that time.
6. I am studying English now. 7. ey are looking for this word in
the dictionary.
5. Read and translate the sentences. Pay attention to the tenseforms.
1. He is driving his car. 2. Listen attentively, a new grammar rule
is being explained. 3. What are you doing here? 4. Some water was
being added to the solution.5. She was reading a book the whole
evening yesterday. 6. He is being examined now. 7. What question
was being discussed at that time yesterday? 8. We are being waited
for now. 9. She was being treated with a new drug the whole month.
6. Read and translate the given sentences. Pay attention to the
word «follow».
1. Follow your doctor’s order or the directions on the label.
2. e following information includes only the average doses of
this drug. 3. If the thymus remains in the adult, the condition
becomes dangerous and sudden death may follow on some unusual
shock. 4. Antibiotics were further developedin Britain following
the discovery of penicillin in 1928 by Alexander Fleming. 5. Drug
should be given at doses of 20,000-30,000 I.U. per kg body weight,
following the same schedule as in adults.
7. Read and learn the following words and word combinations:
to train specialists –
to acquire knowledge –
to master theory and practice –
graduating from higher school –
chemist-analytician –
physico-chemical properties –
-
medicinal substance –
to carry out analyses –
to collect medicinal herbs –
to get acquainted with –
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to improve –
course of study –
to introduce into the curriculum
–
galenicals – ,
to gather herbs and plants –
to pack –
production of drugs –
management of pharmacy –
8. Read and translate the text.
PHARMACEUTICAL TRAINING IN RUSSIA
In Russia great attention is devoted to the problem of training
specialists in pharmacy.
Each year students acquire knowledge and master the theory and
practiceof pharmacy. Aer graduating from higher schools they will
work as pharmacists or chemist-analyticians at pharmacies, chemical
and pharmaceutical plants and scientic research institutions.
Pharmaceutical training in our country is being constantly
improved. e course of studies at the pharmaceutical higher schools
or pharmaceutical departments lasts for 5 years. Many new subjects
have been introduced into the curriculum such as technology of
drugs, organization and economy of pharmacy, pharmaceutical
chemistry. To improve the process of training every institute has its
own chemist’s shop.
During the rst two years the students listen to the lectures and
learn theoretical subjects such as physics, chemistry, botany, Latin,
foreign languages and so on.
From the third year the students have practical classes in special
subjects such as pharmaceutical chemistry, pharmacognosy,
pharmacology, technologyof galenicals, technology of drugs,
etc. During this period they study physico-chemical properties
of medical substances, the methods and technology of their
preparation.ey also learn to carry out dierent kinds of analyses
in the chemical laboratories.
At the end of each year of studies pharmaceutical students
have practice. In the rst year they work at the Botanical stations
collecting medicinal herbs.
78
At the end of the second year the students have two weeks practice
at chemist’s shops where they get acquainted with the work of
pharmacies in general.
At the end of the third year the students have practice in
pharmacognosy at large Botanical Stations where they learn to
gather herbs and plants, to store them and pack.
During 4 month practice the h-year students work at the
chemist’s shops, chemical plants or chemical analytical laboratories.
ey study the processes of production of drugs, galenical
preparations and management of pharmacy.
While studying at the pharmaceutical departments or institutes,
the students acquire deep knowledge and become well-qualied
specialists.
Tasks:
1. Dene the part of speech.
Lecture, chemical, station, specialist, listen, production, substance,
scientic, preparation, collect, general, eective, famous, useful,
know, management.
2. Give the four forms of the verbs. Learn them by heart.
Burn, catch, eat, drink, freeze, hear, keep, mean.
3. Make up sentences of the given words.
1. TV, is, my, watching, now, sister.
2. Friends, playing, are, tennis, his.
3. Listening, the, students, lecture, to, the, were.
4. Ann, a, reading, evening, was, whole, book, the.
4. Read and translate sentences. Dene tense-forms.
1. Where does she live? 2. Some distilled water is being added
to the solution. 3. She is evaporating a solution on the water-bath.
4. Our teacher speaks English uently. 5. e students were busy:
they were doing their laboratory work. 6. During the rst two years
the students listen to the lectures and learn theoretical subjects.
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7. Pharmaceutical training in our country is being constantly
improved. 8. We prepare about 100 prescriptions daily. 9. Each
student has her or his working place in the lab.
5. Choose either Present Simple or Present Continuous.
1. I usually __ (to cook) meals, and my brother __ (to wash) dishes.
2. It __ (to rain) again.
3. On Mondays the Browns __ (to have) dinner at restaurant.
4. It __ (to get) dark. Let’s go home.
5. It’s 5 o’clock. ey __ (to have) tea.
6. My mother always __ (to get up) early in the morning.
7. What __ the girl __ (to do) now?
6. Answer the questions.
1. In Russia great attention is devoted to the problem of training
specialists in pharmacy, isn’t it?
2. Where will the students work aer graduating from higher
school?
3. How long does the course of studies last?
4. What new subjects have been introduced into the curriculum?
5. What do the students do during the rst two years?
6. What do the students study during practical classes in special
subjects?
7. Where do the students collect medicinal plants?
8. Where do they get acquainted with the work of pharmacies in
general?
9. Where do the h-year students work? What do they study?
10. While studying at the pharmaceutical departments or institutes,
the students acquire deep knowledge and become well-qualied
specialists, don’t they?
7. Give the summary of the text.
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