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Файл:Взгляд на фармацию. Учебное пособие для студентов фармацевтического факультета
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Чтение гласных букв и буквосочетаний
Сводная таблица чтения ударных гласных
в четырех положениях
1- – – ,
.
2- – – ,
.
3- – « + r», « + r + »
4- – « + r + e»
-
a
o
e
i, y
u
1- 2- 3- 4-
[ei ] [ x ] [ a: ] [ Fq ]
[ou] [ O ] [ O: ] [ O: ]
[ i:] [ e ] [ W ] [ iq ]
[ ai ] [ i ] [ W ] [ ai ]
[ ju:] [ A ] [ W ] [ juq ]
«a»
«a»
a
a
ar
are
name, day, same, male, date, make, base, pale, shape
[ei]
stand, bad, act, man, carry, than, mad, back, sat
[x]
far, part, large, hard, mark, start, dark, arm, card
[a:]
care, rare, fare, pre`pare, `rarely, `careful, `careless
[Fq]
11
«a»
al +
.
wa + r
au
aw
ask
ant
ath
ass
a
ast
air
a
[q ]
age
[ i ]
all, call, talk
[O:]
warm, ward
`autumn, au-
thor
war, saw, law
class, ask
[a:]
plant
father, bath,
pass, class
aer, dra
last, past, plaster
air, hair
[Fq]
fair, lair
pair, bairn
a`bout, at`tend, a`round
( ) `passage, `village, `language
wa + .
ai
ay
ate
ation
a + r +
[O]
[ei]
[Fqr]
want, wash
was, watch
wad, wan
watt
main, brain
may, pay
operate, dictate
location, demonst
ration
`variant, `vary
C :
wave, salt, pause, pass, task, save, fan, `bandage, `usage, dis`charge,
harm, ward, stage, hand, thank, grave, `absent, as, wake, e`xam,
hate, black, farm, care, rash, cause, `cartilage, baby, `article, same,
hard, rate, vast, `rather, glass, law, fast, `autopsy, a`round, `rarity,
latter, be`cause, pair, `always, gain, `plaster, lo`cate, for`mation,
chair, small, lay, ope`rate, air, sharp.
12
«o»
«o»
o
o
or
ore
go, close, nose, so, rose, smoke, bone, no
[ou]
not, `hospital, got, hot, so, loss
[ O ]
for, `morning, sport, or, form, short, shock
[ O:]
more, be`fore, bore, core, fore, lore, sore
[ O:]
«o»
oi
oy
ough
oor
oar
oo +
k, d
wor
boy, join, point
[Oi]
joint, boil, moist
noise, `goiter
fought, brought
[O:]
poor, door
soar
book, look, took
[u]
food, hook, cook
good
word, work, world
[W]
worse, worst, worm
worth
(
ow
)
old
oa
oo
+ [H]
( k, d)
who
oth
om
on
our
ower
owe
[ou]
[ A ]
[auq]
know, snow, show
old, cold,
soap, coat, load
tool, soon
noon, moon, cool
whose, whom
`mother, `other,
`brother
come, some
son, done
our, hour, shower
tower, power
vowel, towel
ou
ow
out, house, town
[au]
round, mouth
13
o
our
ous
or
( )
( )
( )
( )
[ q ]
`seldom, con`sist, `lesson, con`duct
`labour, `favour,
`numerous, `nervous, `serious, `famous
`doctor, pro’fessor
C :
pound, bold, hold, a`bout, `powerful, hour, `loudly, wi`thout,
front, round, `follow, son, form, `other, worse, mouth, done, board,
whose, brought, `hospital, short, vote, home, smoke, shock, so,
got, more, bone, who, took, spoke, look, boy, point, show, old, loss,
boil, good.
«e»
«e»
e
e
er
ere
[ i:]
[e ]
[W]
[iq]
me, theme, mete, we, be, he, she
neck, ten, leg, felt, met, text, cell, best, when, well, help
her, term, nerve, per, verb, serve
here, sphere, mere, `merely
«e»
ea
ee
[ i: ]
seat, team
ear
[iq]
seek, knee hear, clear,
near, dear, ear
ap`pear
ei
e
ar +
receive, belief
learn, early, heard
[q:]
earn, search
ew
eu
[ju: ]
new, few, knew
`neutral
( )
14
ea + d, th,
ea + lth, sure
head, dead, `ready,
[e]
death
health,
`pleasure,`measure
eigh
ey
eight, weight
[ei]
they, obey, grey
ew
(
.)
ew, blew, chew
grew, threw, drew
[u:]
er + [iqr]
`period, `serum, sera
ex`perience
inter`ference
e
ey
er
`subject, `helpless, bet`ween, be`gin
[ i ]
( ) `money, `hockey
[ i ]
`teacher, `speaker, `reader
[ q ]
C :
dean, cheap, meet, grew, `weather, weight, `period, she, chest, need,
wet, her, theme, `fever, breath, near, heard, `money, `measure,
ex`perience, head, new, be`tween, de`termine, let, `early, knee,
`serum, feel, health, nerve, cell, neck, ear, feed, re`ceive.
«i», «y»
«i», «y»
i, y
i, y
ir, yr
ire, yre
[ai ]
[ i ]
[ W ]
[ aiq ]
side, dry, type, ve, rise, sky, life, my, time, spite
his, chin, sick, in, skin, is, lip, sit, rib, cyst, it
rst, girl, third, rm, dirt, myrtle
tired, re, dire, hire, wire, tyre
«i», «y»
ind
ild
igh
nd, kind, child
[ ai ]
ie +
[ i: ]
high, right, light be`lieve
sight, bright, ght
eld, chief, re`lief
15
ia
io
ie
[aiq]
trial, diary
lion
diet, lier
y
( )
[ j ]
yes, yet, yard, young
yellow
i, y
mis`take, `company, `chemistry,`opposite, `family, `history
[ i ]
C :
try, `hypo, lymph, `symptom, lie, twin, by, `stipend, him, rich, rm,
wife, die, cycle, `system, re`lieve, mind, mild, be`lief, `medical, diet,
dye, `cystic, yet, high, sight, young, ght, `family, sick, rst, rise,
third, tired, kind, dirt, lip, in`side, light, `origin, side, sign, thin,
thigh, `income, `infant, `cyanosis, com`bine, `coccyx, in`vade.
«u»
«u»
u
u
ur
ure
«u»
tube, due, use, `duty, `unit, `sputum, `human
[ju:]
cut, such, skull, but, lung, must, us
[ A ]
turn, `further, nurse, hurt, burn, re`turn, `mur-
[ W ]
mur
cure, pure, dure
[juq]
ull
ush
u
r, l, j
16
pull, full,
[ u ]
push, bush
true, June, blue
[ u: ]
rule, juice, `lunar, `lupus
ur
+
[ juqr ]
`during, se`curity, `urine
in`curable
u
[ q ]
sur`round, `dicult, `August
C :
just, pull, much, `student, trunk, pro`fuse, full, se`curity, sur`round,
push, `dicult, `August, `during, lung, due, up, run, `rectum,
re`duce, `cureless, `ulcer, drug, duct, `duty, pulse, pro`duce,
a`cute, `tumour, `suer, `pulmonary, `sputum, `regular, dif`fuse,
`surgeon.
c + e, i, y
face, cell, since, science, `surface, cycle, circu`lation,
[s]
cya`nosis
c
case, cause, code, `complex, cough, count, could, cure
[k]
ck
g + e, i, y
neck, back, black, luck, sick, speck, lock
[k]
large, `general, germ, gym, vi`rology, `rigid, huge, `im-
[G]
age, gene
g
go, game, gas, gland, growth, drug, gram, grippe
[g]
dge
edge, `knowledge, bridge, `budget, `cartridge, `ridged,
[G]
sludge
gu + .
h
guide, guilt, guard, guest, guess, guy, guild
[g]
huge, hype, how, `hunger, house, `hostel, home, hot,
[h]
head
ch, tch
catch, such, speech, each, a`chieve, match, reach,
[C]
re`search, teach
ch
( . )
`characterize, `chemist, `chemistry, `chronic
[k]
`bronchial, bron`chitis `stom-
ach, tra`chea
sh
wash, rash, sharp, shape, `shadow, `shoulder, show,
[S]
should, `publish
17
ph
th
th
mb
ng
nk
kn, gn
qu
s
ps
ture
tion, (s)sion
bt
c, s, t + ia,
ie, io
wr + .
wh + .
( )
wh +
`physical, phase, phone, phe`nomenon, `phagocyte,
[ f ]
`pharynx, sphere
( ) then, them, the, that, than, this,
[ D ]
thus, with
( ) thick, thin, theme, three, thank,
[ T ]
think, thing
bomb, plumb, thumb
[m]
lung, long, hang, bring, thing, `language
[N]
think, rank, bank, drink, thank, rink, sink
[Nk]
know, `knowledge, knee, knife, be`nign, gnat, gnash,
[n]
gnaw, knock
quite, quick, re`quire, `quickly, `quarter, `question, `quan-
[kw]
tity, `quality
( ,
[z]
) nose, rose, rise, hands, legs, is,
his, sees, cells
psy`chology, psycho, `psyche, psy`chologist,
[s]
psycho`therapy
( ) `picture, `mixture, `lecture, `fracture,
[Cq]
`temperature
( ) re`lation, in`fection, e`ruption,
[Sn]
con`dition
doubt, debt
[t]
`facial, `special, `patient, `social, as`sociate, i`nitial,
[S]
‘Russian
write, wrist, `written, wrong, wrinkle, wrote, wrick
[r]
what, why, which, where, when, while, white
[w]
who, whose, whom, whole
[h]
C :
knee, `mixture, re`lation, wrick, where, whom, bring, sink,
`temperature, con`dition, nose,`language, psy`chologist, rise,
chance, chill, `character, `chemical, `knowledge, `question,
`patient, wrong, who, why, thank, `hungry, cells.
18
UNIT I
Grammar •1. Verb «to be». 2. Simple Active and Passive.
ENGLISH and MEDICINE
3. General and special questions. 4. Degrees of
Comparison.
Word-building •
Lesson 1.
1. Read aloud, translate and make these sentences interrogative
and negative.
1. I am a teacher.
2. You are in the classroom.
3. We are all students.
4. Some of the students are boys.
5. Two and two are four.
2. Work in pairs. Read and answer the following questions.
1. What is your surname? 6. Are you the best at English?
2. How old are you? 7. Who is the best at English?
3. What country are you from? 8. It is dicult to study English, isn’t it?
4. Where is it? 9. What are your favourite subjects?
5. What foreign languages do you
speak?
(suxes): nouns: -er(-or), -ist, -ian, -ion, -ment, -(i)ty;
adjectives: -al, -ar, -ic, -ous, -ive, -ish; adverbs: -ly.
ENGLISH AND ITS ROLE FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS
Tasks:
6. at answer is right.
7. ey are here.
8. He is near the window.
9. is is a picture of a famous writer
10. Mr. Brown is English; he is an
Englishman. His language is English.
10. I am a rst year student, aren’t I?
3. Read, translate and analyse the following sentences.
1. People speak the language of their country.
2. I speak Russian. My language is Russian.
3. She studies chemistry as she wants to be a pharmacist.
4. e native speakers of Russian live in Russia.
5. Scientic and medical achievements break actively into our life.
6. Knowledge of English helps medical students to play an active
role in community and in profession.
19
4. Read and translate general questions.
1. Does he live in the southern part of the city? 2.Do we send
letters to her every week? 3. Does he have a German accent? 4. Does
his English improve very quickly? 5. Do you want to see the most
famous sights? 6. Do students like to practice dialogues in pairs?
5. Make the sentences interrogative and give the short answers.
1. e weather changes very oen. 2. Most of all I like English.
3. ey suggesta new plan. 4. One person out of six in the world
knows English nowadays.5. Some students join students’ scientic
societies in the rst year. 6. Journals usually cover major studies.
7. My working day begins at 6 o’clock in the morning.
6. Read and translate these sentences. Make them negative.
1. She suggests to spend our holidays in the town. 2. Some students
live in the hostels. 3. English makes people’s life more fruitful,
interesting and enjoyable. 4. Women live longer than men. ey
have an average lifeof 77 years. 5. Our Academy trains pharmacists.
6. Two or three timesa year I travel abroad. 7. He looks very upset.
7. Read aloud and translate these words into Russian:
to provide – provider
to make – maker
to lead – leader
to manage – manager
to communicate – communicator
8. Read aloud these words and try to explain their meanings in
Russian.
a ve-star doctor a care-provider a communicator
a decision-maker a community leader a manager
9. Make up the degrees of comparison of the following adjectives.
Wide, long, short, easy, high, important, beautiful, comfortable.
Memorize the exceptions: good – better – the best
bad – worse – the worst
little – less – the least
many, much – more – the most
20
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