Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Взгляд на фармацию. Учебное пособие для студентов фармацевтического факультета
.pdf
Free Reading
Read attentively the following text, use a dictionary if it is
necessary and give a summary of the text.
LOCACORTEN
Topical corticoid for use in skin diseases.
Composition. Cream and ointment: 0.02% 6α, 9α-diuoro-11β,
17α-dihydroxy-16α-methyl-21-trimethylacetoxy-1.4-pregnadiene-
3.20-dione (=umethasone pivalate) with or without neomycin
sulfate (0.5%); lotion: 0.02% umethasone pivalate.
Properties. In inammatory skin diseases, including especially
eczema, Locacorten exerts a prompt anti-inammatory, antiallergic, anti-exudative, and antipruritic action; it has no systemic
eects. e various forms of application in which Locacorten
is available each have a specially formulated base which is not
only excellently tolerated by the skin but also supplements the
therapeutic eect of the corticoid. Locacorten is suitable for use in
both adults and children.
Lotion.
e base of the lotion is a uid oil-in-water emulsion (Ph 6.6)
which spreads evenly over the skin. e lotion, which is non-greasy
and non-adhesive, forms on the skin an invisible layer through
which secretions can escape. It can easily be washed o with water.
It is particularly suitable for use on exposed or hairy sites (e.g. scalp),
in the auditory meatus, etc. e lotion is primarily indicated for
the treatmentof hyperacute, copiously weeping, and inammatory
conditions. Once the hyperacute or weeping stage has subsided, it is
advisable to use the cream instead.
Cream.
e base of the cream is a hydrophilic oil-in-water emulsion
(Ph 5.5).It permits secretions and heat to escape and, like the lotion,
it exerts a cooling eect. It is particularly suitable for use in acute
conditions associated with little or no weeping as well as in subacute
stages. It is also recommended for patients whose skin is either
seborrhoeic or hypersensitive to fats.
121
Ointment.
e base of the ointment is a smooth water-in-oil emulsion with a
70% fat content. e ointment, which reduces loss of water from the
skin, has an emollient eect on the epidermis, as well as an ability to
exert its action at considerable depth. It does not clog the pores. It
is chiey indicated in subchronic or chronic conditions and in dry
inammatory processes.
Indications.
• Eczema of varying type and localization, including infantile
eczema and milk-crust.
• Various forms of dermatitis, including radiodermatitis, sunburn,
otitis externa, intertrigo, and napkin rash.
• Various forms of neurodermatitis.
• Skin diseases which tend to prove resistant to other corticoids,
including especially psoriasis, lichen planus, and chronic discoid
lupus erythematosus.
Contraindications. Tuberculosis of the skin, syphilitic skin
aections, fresh virus infections of the skin, and, in the case of the
dosage forms without neomycin, pyoderma.
Application and dosage. As a rule, Locacorten should be evenly
applied to the skin in a thin lm several times daily. In some cases,
however, one application a day will prove sucient. e site may,
if necessary, be covered by a protective dressing. Aer the skin has
healed, Locacorten should be applied at least once daily for a further
1-2 weeks in order to prevent any recurrence of the disease.
To obtain optimum results, it is important to select the form of
application most appropriate to the stage of the disease and the
texture of the patient’s skin.
Note. In types of skin disorder which oen prove resistant to
corticoids, e.g. psoriasis, use of occlusive dressings is recommended.
Locacorten must not be applied to the conjunctiva.
Packages. 15 and 10x15 ml. lotion; 15 and 10x15 g. cream (with
neomycin); 15 and 10x15g. ointment (with neomycin); 30 and
10x30g. cream (without neomycin); 30 and 10x30 g. ointment
(without neomycin).
In some countries, one or other of these packages may not be
available.
122
UNIT
V
Grammar • 1. Complex Subject. 2. Complex Object.
MEDICINAL PLANTS AND HERBS
Word-building •
Lesson 16.
1. Refer the words to «Noun», «Adjective; «Adverb» or «Verb»
columns.
Medication, early, natural, to process, ancestor, know, upper, can,
strengthen, pressure, benecial, combination, natural, fortify.
2. Give the four forms of these verbs. Translate them into Russian.
Learn irregular verbs by heart.
Be, call, collect, depend, have, know, take.
3. Dene the function of the verb «to have».
1. Roots with dierent forms have special names. 2. We have
already read this book. 3. Aloe has a very short woody stem.
4. You have to take a teaspoonful of this infusion 3 or 4 times a
day. 5. My brother has helped me to collect aloe leaves. 6. She has
to translate this text. 7. Drugs are classied into groups which
have a specic action.
PHYTOTHERAPY AS NATURAL MEDICATION
Prexes: mal-, mis-, infra-, super-(supra-),
post-, pre-.
Tasks:
4. Read and translate the sentences. Pay attention to the word
«since».
1. Pavlov did not use notes since his memory was wonderful.
2. Since the early days of mankind much in survival depended on
the use of plants and their elements. 3. Since the rst pioneering efforts of Florey and Chain in 1939, the importance of antibiotics to
medicine has led to much research in discovering and producing
them. 4. Sound sleep is very important since it enables the nerve
cell to rest. 5. My sister has studied English since 1999.
123
5. Read and translate the sentences. Pay attention to Modal Verbs.
1. Bacteria can only be seen with microscope. 2. Digitalis may be
readily grown from seeds. 3. If you dry plants carelessly the drug
may be spoiled. 4. Our specialists are able to compound dierent
prescriptions. 5. Nick had to take a tablespoonful of mixture three
times a day. 6. We must take vitamin B daily. 7. e patient was
allowed to take this analgetic. 8. To become a good specialist you
should achieve knowledge of dierent subjects. 9. May I use your
dictionary?
6. Read and translate the sentences. Pay attention to Complex
Subject.
1. Aspirin and paracetamol are known to relieve pain and
lower temperature. 2. e infection is said to spread very quickly.
3. e vaccine is reported to have been tested successfully.
4. Foxglove leaves appear to have been used externally by Welsh
physicians. 5. e new substance turned out to be a compound
of oxygen. 6. e drug appears to be non-toxic for all practical
purposes. 7. She seems to have forgotten everything. 8. is man
is likely to have appendicitis. 9. HIV is certain to spread through
contaminated blood.
7. Words and word combinations to be remembered.
mankind –
to heal with herbs –
unpolluted area –
camomile –
mint –
dandelion –
echinacea –
stinging nettle -
124
artichoke –
hawthorn –
celery –
horseradish –
garlic –
bean – ,
fennel – ,
plantain –
wormwood –
oat –
rosemary –
yarrow –
to take in diluted form – -
to be available – ,
coltsfoot – --
8. Read and translate the text.
PHYTOTHERAPY AS NATURAL MEDICATION
Since the early days of mankind much in survival depended on
the use of plants and their elements.
e ancient Greeks called the method of medication with the help
of plants and herbs – phytotherapy, i.e. the art of healing with herbs.
e main principle of phytotherapy is to collect plants from the
unpolluted areas, and to process the entire plant or the parts of it.
Such plants as camomile, mint, dandelion, valerian, echinacea,
stinging nettle or yarrow are very strong and their juice should be
taken in diluted form sixteen minutes before eating.
From the very beginning of the development of human civilization
plants have been considered to be obvious and natural cure for
any ailment. ey may be in dried forms or they may be used as
nutritious bottled juice.
Medical research workers today are rediscovering the value of
plants and herbs that our ancestors already knew.
Asthma suerers can benet from coltsfoot which is well known
to loosen mucus in the upper respiratory tract. For anemia artichoke
juice is recommended to decrease cholesterol level, and hawthorn
to strengthen the heart. Because of the diuretic properties celery and
horseradish are recommended for arthritis suerers. Garlic helps to
decrease blood pressure; yarrow and bean juices are very useful for
circulation, fennel and plantain are used for bronchial cough, and
a natural aid to weight loss is achieved by combination of potato,
artichoke, stinging nettle, tomato juices. Wormwood and oat assist
digestive disorders; mint and rosemary fortify the overtired.
Echinacea juice disinfects and promotes wound healing, while
stinging nettle, plantain and celery juice can be used to «spring clean»
125
the whole organism. Echinacea is a well known immunostimulator.
Nowadays medical plant preparations are available in all pharmacies
and even in special health food stores.
Tasks:
1. Read and translate the words with given prexes.
Ancient, medication, development, unpolluted, civilization,
obvious, natural, ailment, nutritious, worker, rediscover, ancestor,
circulation, fortify, disinfect.
2. Find the odd word out.
1. mankind, evolution, civilization, person
2. yarrow, juice, stinging nettle, dandelion
3. asthma, respiratory tract, arthritis, anemia
4. circulation, diuretic, bronchial, benecial.
3. Complete the sentences.
1. Phytotherapy is the art of … .
2. Asthma suerers can benet from … .
3. For anemia … is recommended to decrease cholesterol level.
4. … is recommended to strengthen the heart.
5. For arthritis suerers … are recommended because of the
diuretic properties.
6. … helps to decrease blood pressure.
7. … and … are very useful for circulation.
8. … and … assist digestive disorders.
9. … and … fortify the overtired.
10. … is a well known immunostimulator.
4. Make the sentences interrogative.
1. We can work as managers of a drug-store.
or gases.
3. We must take vitamin B daily.
126
4. Carbon may be crystallized as the diamond.
5. e pharmacist should control laboratory reagents.
6. Drug plants which have glycosides must be dried at a low
temperature.
7. Water can be decomposed by the electric current.
5. Make the sentences negative.
1. Drugs can be synthesized in the laboratory.
2. A medicine may cause some unwanted eects.
3. e label should indicate the exact amount of poisonous
ingredients.
4. Our specialists are able to compound dierent prescription.
5. Vitamin B can strengthen the nervous system.
6. Lots of drugs have to be ordered at a prescription department.
7. is drug is to be given only by or under the immediate
supervision of your doctor.
6. Find in the text sentences with Modal verbs. Translate them.
7. Write out from the text above sentences with Complex Subject.
Translate
them into Russian.
8. Answer the following questions.
1. What depended on the use of plants and their elements?
2. What is phytotherapy?
3. When should strong juices be taken in diluted form?
4. What is recommended for anemia?
5. Celery and horseradish are recommended because of their
diuretic properties, aren’t they?
6. What are yarrow and bean juices benecial for?
7. Where can you buy plant preparations?
9. Make the plan of the story and be ready to retell it according
to your plan.
127
10. Discuss the problem of phytotherapy with your partner. Such
word combinations will help you:
as far as I know
to my mind
generally speaking
in my opinion
on the one hand
on the other hand
11. Render this text in English.
– ,
. . , .
, , , , , , .
.
shortly speaking
I dare say
to sum everything up
to be brief
Lesson 17.
1. Read and translate the sentences. Pay attention to the word
«no».
1. No counter indications are noted during pregnancy. 2. No
side eects from Bromhexine were reported in lactating in case of
assumption of the drug by the mother. 3. Locacorten has no systemic
eects. 4. No vitamin can take the place of any other vitamin. 5. No
one doubts that herbs are full of medicinal chemicals.
128
HERBS
Tasks:
2. Form Past Participle from given verbs and translate them.
Find, know, write, translate, do, nish, show, use, ask, obtain,
learn.
3. Read and translate the sentences with Participles.
1. Powdered licorice is used for various pharmaceutical purposes.
2. Syrups are concentrated aqueous solutions containing eective
medicinal substances. 3. e restricted diet or disorders of the
gastrointestinal tract lead to vitamin deciency. 4. Translating the
article she looked up into the dictionary. 5. ere are about 300
languages spoken in the world today. 6. Administered in good
time, the injections had a very good eect. 7. Writing a report he
looked through many reference books. 8. You can get the book
recommended by our teacher in the library. 9. ere was a lot of
snow lying on the ground.
4. Read and translate the sentences.
1. e roots of Althea are used both in scientic and popular
medicine.2. e leaves are collected from July to September, from
both the 1-st and 2-d year plants. 3. Some owers have no petals,
while others lack both petals and sepals.4. e owers of the small
grain lack both petals and sepals. 5. St. John’s Wort is used for
reduction and control tumour growths, both malignant and benign.
6. e leaves of Wormwood give out nearly the whole of their smell
and test both to spirit and water. 7. Neither sepals nor petals are
directly involved in seed production.
5. Read and translate the sentences. Pay attention to Complex
Object.
1. I believe this observation to be very important. 2. We know
many infectious diseases to be caused by bacteria. 3. e early investigators considered bacteria to be tiny animals. 4. Scientists consider a balanced diet to be necessary for everybody. 5. We know
hormones to play a very important role in the organism. 6. He made
me do the work.
129
6. Read and learn the following words and word combinations:
infusion –
blend –
decoction –
to simmer –
tincture –
to immerse – ,
to extract – ,
palatable – ,
to dissolve –
essential oils –
expression –
to evaporate –
ointment –
petroleum jelly –
miscible –
to distil from –
7. Read and translate the text.
HERBS
Medicinal plants and herbs contain substances known to modern
and ancient civilizations for their healing properties. Until the
development of Chemistry and, particularly, of the synthesis of
organic compounds in the 19th century, medicinal plants and
herbs were the sole source of active principles capable of curing
man’s ailments. ey continue to be important to people that do
not have access to modern medicines and, moreover, modern
Pharmaceuticals rely heavily on the same active principles, be they
natural or synthetic. e active principles dier from plant to plant
due to their biodiversity, i.e. to the plant’s genetic coding ability to
produce them.
With thousands of active principles yet to be discovered or fully
evaluated,it is no wonder that biodiversity is a fundamental topic
on any nature preservation agenda. e genetic material of old and
new herbs and plants are coveted for their potential in discovering,
combining, manipulating and synthesizing new medicine. us,
even if people are not aware of the pharmaceutical industry does
not stressthe point, medicinal plants and herbs continue to be
the source of proven medicaments and of new and revolutionary
drugs. If the active principles of synthetic drugs are so important
130
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]