Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Взгляд на фармацию. Учебное пособие для студентов фармацевтического факультета
.pdf
9. Answer the following questions.
1. When and where was Charles Darwin born?
2. What eld of science was he interested in?
3. He had made natural history his hobby, hadn’t he?
4. What post was he oered in 1831?
5. How many years did he spend on the ship «Beagle»?
6. What did he do aer returning from his voyage?
7. Which of his books was the rst one?
8. What society did he join in 1838?
9. When did his famous book «On the Origin …» appear?
10. What was one of the most important results of his work?
10. Discuss with your partner the importance of Darwin’s
scientic work.
Retell the text. Imagine that you are:
a) Charles Darwin; b) his successor; c) his opponent.
Lesson 5.
1. Read out the nouns, verbs and adjectives.
Chemist, chemistry, famous, discovery, fermentation, investigation,
successfully, contagious, prevention, culture, experimentation,
successful, scientic, importance, similar, dierent, bacteriology,
treatment, prophylactic, possible, pasteurization, directly, health,
benecial, begin, repeat, prevent.
2. Choose the sentences with the predicates in Passive Voice.
Read them aloud and translate.
1. Smoking is not allowed here.
2. He was the rst to describe the symptoms of that disease.
3. is book was written by our professor.
4. You must consult a doctor as your headache is extremely severe.
5. She was administered β-blockers to loosen her heart attacks.
LOUIS PASTEUR
Tasks:
51
3. Change the following sentences into Passive. Omit the agent if
it is not needed. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. ey record the results of a reaction. 2. Dr. Brown taught
the students. 3. He speaks English uently. 4. She’ll answer every
question well. 5. ey understood the problem. 6. Everybody will
see the new lab. 7. He didn’t take the temperature in the evening.
4. Compare the sentences and translate them.
Perfect Active Perfect Passive
I have just watered the owers. The owers have just been
watered.
We have already prepared our
lessons.
He has not learned the words
yet.
They had carried out the
experiment by the end of the
day.
Our lessons have already been
prepared.
The words have not been
learned yet.
The experiment had been
carried out by the end of the
day.
5. Read and translate the sentences. Dene the tense-forms.
1. It’s the most interesting book I have ever read. 2. I had nished
my work when he came. 3. e name of Hygeia has been associated
with the word «hygiene» (the science of health and its preservation).
4. We have already obtained solutions from aloe juice. 5. ey have
not mixed dierent juices yet. 6. He has never been to New York.
7. By 2 o’clock the professor had asked all the students. 8. He recovered
aer he had been ill a long time. 9. e methods of treatment had
th
been found by the beginning of the 20
century.
6. Read and translate the sentences according to the model.
Models: 1) It was ancient Chinese who developed the practice of
acupuncture. -
.
2) It was not until 1929 that penicillin was discovered by
Fleming. – () 1929
.
52
1. It is from plant that aspirin got its name.
2. It was Darwin’s work demonstrated that the evolution of plants
and animals gave no evidence of divine guidance.
3. It is Latin that helps you to understand most of medical terms.
4. It is vitamins that maintain normal metabolic functioning.
5. It was Hippocrates who showed that disease had only natural
causes.
6. It was not until 1796 that an English physician Edward Jenner
discovereda safe method of making people immune to smallpox.
7. It is antibiotics that are eectively used to treat serious bacterial
infections.
7. Words and word combinations to be remembered.
physics and chemistry –
to make a discovery –
souring (of wine) – ()
living microorganisms –
to lead (led, led) to smth –
-
fermentation –
investigation –
silkworm plague –
to combat fowl cholera –
anthrax –
contagious –
the prevention of disease –
series – ,
pure cultures – ()
germ –
to treat –
hydrophobia (rabies) – ()
diphtheria – ,
tuberculosis –
yellow fever –
cholera –
plague –
to be benecial to human health
–
53
8. Read and translate the text.
LOUIS PASTEUR
(1822 – 1895)
Louis Pasteur, a French chemist, taught physics and chemistry at
Dijon and Lille. It was at Lille where he made his famous discovery
that souring of wine was caused by living microorganisms. is led
him to study the whole subject of fermentation. is was followed by
his investigation of the silkworm plague. He successfully combated
fowl cholera, anthrax and the contagious silkworm disease. He then
began the study of the prevention of disease by makinga repeated
series of pure cultures which rendered the germs less poisonous.
He began treating many diseases by the use of vaccines. Aer
many yearsof experimentation he was successful in preventing
hydrophobia or rabies in man.
e Pasteur Institute was established in 1886; it was an event of
great scientic importance. Many similar institutes have since been
established in dierent parts of the world.
Pasteur is the parent of the whole modern science of bacteriology.
anks to his experiments, prophylactic treatment of diphtheria,
tuber culosis, yellow fever, cholera and plague has been made
possible. e principleof pasteurization, named for him, is based
upon his discoveries.
It was Pasteur who probably made more important discoveries
which were direct ly benecial to human welfare and health than
any other man.
Tasks:
1. Form new words with the help of the suxes –ful and –less.
Translate them.
-ful: use, help, pain, harm, care, beauty, skill, doubt, rest;
-less: use, help, pain, harm, colour, odour, life, shape.
2. Compose the sentences from the given words:
1. taught, Louis Pasteur, and, chemistry, physics, a, chemist, French.
2. treating, began, Louis Pasteur, diseases, many, of, the, vaccines,
use, by.
54
3. or, in, hydrophobia, aer, man, many, experimentation, of, years,
Louis Pasteur, successful, was, rabies, preventing, in.
3. Find which word does not suit here:
1. a) germs
2. a) cholera
3. a) anthrax
4. a) contagious
5. a) plague
6. a) to cause
b) microorganisms
b) chemistry
b) investigation
b) infectious
b) physics
b) to lead
c) silkworm
c) hydrophobia
c) research
c) discovery
c) rabies
c) to treat
4. Read the sentences and dene which of them are wrong.
1. Louis Pasteur, an English chemist, taught physics and chemistry
in London.
2. Louis Pasteur made his famous discovery that souring of wine
was caused by living silkworms.
3. Louis Pasteur successfully combated fowl cholera, anthrax and
the contagious silkworm disease.
4. e great chemist began treating many diseases by the use of
vaccines.
5. Aer many years of experimentation he was successful in
preventing hydrophobia or rabies in dogs.
6. e Pasteur Institute was established in 1886.
7. Pasteur is the parent of the whole modern science of bacteriology.
5. Put the verbs in brackets into Past Simple Active or Passive.
1. When I … (to be) a child I never … (to like) sports very much.
2. Our town … (to found) in 1743.
3. ere … (to be) many very good reasons to learn foreign
languages.
4. She … (to live) in a village which … (to be) on the edge of the
suburbs of the city.
5. When I … (to leave) home for the rst time, I … (to live) in a
very big city.
55
6. Children … (to give) vitamins.
7. He … (to work) with computers and … (to spend) most of his
time in his lab.
8. Wonderful discoveries … (make) by our scientists.
9. I … (to go) to school at the age of ve.
10. My mum … (to teach) me how to read and write at home.
6. Write out from the text sentences in Perfect. Translate them.
Make them interrogative and negative.
7. Find in the text sentences with construction «It is … that
(who)». Translate these sentences.
8. Answer the questions.
1. What discovery did Pasteur make at Lille?
2. What diseases did Pasteur investigate?
3. What diseases was Pasteur successful in preventing in man?
4. What treatment has been made possible thanks to Pasteur’s
experiments?
5. What principle is based upon his discoveries?
6. Pasteur probably made more important discoveries than any
other man, didn’t he?
9. Give a summary of the text using the given words:
French chemist, famous discovery, souring of wine, to be caused
by living microorganisms, to lead to the study of fermentation,
investiga tion of silkworm plague, to combat successfully, the prevention of di sease, by the use of vaccines, hydrophobia (rabies),
the Pasteur Insti tute was established, modern science of bacteriology, to be benecial to human health.
56
Lesson 6.
1. Learn the suxes of verbs. Translate the given words into
Russian.
-ize (-ise) – specialize, organize, modernize, criticize, realize;
-ate – graduate, educate, decorate, demonstrate, illustrate;
-i(fy) – classify, simplify, satisfy, intensify;
-en – widen, redden, worsen, thicken, blacken.
2. Give the four forms of the given verbs. Translate these forms.
Bear, teach, decide, discover, begin, use, answer, eat, study,
spend, rise.
3. Choose the correct verb form.
1. He … (help, helped) his father on his farm.
2. His father … (taught, teaches) him to read books.
3. In 1870 Pavlov … (enters, entered) Petersburg University.
4. Soon he … (decide, decided) to become a physiologist himself.
5. Pavlov … (was discovered, discovered) several new facts about
blood pressure.
6. Pavlov … (was allowed, allowed) students to interrupt him and
gladly … (answered, were answered) their questions.
7. He … (was rising, rose) at 7 o’clock, … (ate, was eating) a
simple breakfast of tea and bread-and-butter usually to the
accompaniment of the gramophone.
IVAN PETROVICH PAVLOV – a Man and a Scientist.
Tasks:
4. Make up as many questions as you can.
1. Ivan Pavlov made great contribution to medical science.
2. Ancient Egyptians were the earliest civilized people in the world.
3. Hippocrates created medicine on the basis of experiments.
5. Read and translate the following sentences.
1. Read the sentences, correct any mistakes. 2. Continue to write
the story. 3. Work in pairs and check your answers. 4. Try to
57
remember as many details as possible. 5. Complete the sentences
with the correct form of the verbs.6. Listen and repeat these words.
7. Show your statements to the rest of the class. 8. Tell the class
what you asked people and what they answered. 9. Don’t worry.
10. Never put o till tomorrow what you can do today.
6. Compare the sentences in the right and le columns. Translate
them. Explain the dierence.
Past Simple Present Perfect
I met him last week. I have never met him before.
e lecture began 20 minutes ago. e lecture has just begun.
Bob visited London in 1999. Mary has not visited London yet.
7. Use Present Perfect or Past Simple.
1. My grandmother … never to Moscow. (to be)
2. She … school some years ago. (to nish)
3. We just … in the park. (to walk)
4. Last year our students … practice at the chemist’s shop. (to have)
5. When … you born? (to be)
6. Today Mike … an excellent mark in Botany. (to get)
7. He … not … the data of the experiment yet. (to record)
8. Choose the prepositions: for, during.
Remember: For answers the question «How long?»
(for a week; for 3 hours; for many years)
for ages – ,
forever –
During answers the question «When?»
(during the lesson; during the year, during the evening)
1. We have had no rain … about a month.
2. I shall remember my school years … ever.
3. It’s forbidden to talk … the lesson.
4. I haven’t seen you … ages.
5. … the last 3 months she has made great progress in English.
6. We have been waiting for you … 2 hours.
58
7. I fell in love with her … our rst talk.
8. … my summer holiday I visited my grandparents.
9. eir family had lived in Australia … 20 years.
9. Read and learn the words and word combinations:
to enter Petersburg University
–
to study natural sciences –
to become a physiologist –
to discover – ,
blood pressure –
lecture –
to lecture on physiology –
to use notes –
()
memory –
to allow – ,
to make experiments –
to make operations on smb. –
-
to treat -
to use anaesthetics –
()
to show –
to recover –
to make great contribution –
laboratory –
to work hard –
ever – , -
death –
to die –
to hide –
modesty –
the digestive system –
10. Read and translate the text.
I. P. PAVLOV – a Man and a Scientist
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov was born on September 14, 1849 in Ryazan.
When he was still a very little boy he helped his father on his farm.
His father taught him to read books.
In 1870 Pavlov entered Petersburg University to study natural
sciences. Soon he decided to become a physiologist himself.
During his work at the Academy Pavlov discovered several new
facts about the blood pressure. In 1881 Pavlov married. His wife
59
was a wonderful help and companion to him. eir marriage was a
very happy one.
In 1890 Pavlov began to lecture on physiology in the Military
Academy.
Many of Pavlov’s ideas were new to the students and he was a very
popular lecturer. His lectures were very simple and clear. He did not
use notes since his memory was wonderful. He allowed students to
interrupt him and gladly answered their questions.
Pavlov studied the work of the digestive system. He made many
experiments on dogs. He had to make operations on dogs and as he
loved animals he treated them with great kindness and they showed
no fear of him. Pavlov never operated unless it was really necessary
and he always used anaesthetics. He was a very skilful surgeon
and the dogs generally recovered very quickly. Pavlov made great
contribution to medical science.
Pavlov was given a splendid new laboratory at the village of
Koltushy, near Petersburg. Large sums of money were spent on
his laboratory. ough he was old man of seventy-four he worked
as hard as ever. He rose at 7 o’clock each morning, ate a simple
breakfast of tea and bread-and-butter usually to the accompaniment
of the gramophone. He worked nine or ten hours a day.
A few years before his death he addressed the youth of the
country: «e rst important thing is to be systemic in your
work... Never pass on to the next stage until you have nished the
previous one. Never try to hide the defects in your knowledge. e
second important thing is modesty. Never imagine that you know
everything. e third that is necessary is enthusiasm. Remember
that science demands of a man his whole life…»
Pavlov, the great Russian scientist, died on February 27, 1936 at
the age of eighty-six.
Tasks:
1. Study the text and nd the words with suxes: -ful, -al, -ly,
-ment.
Translate them into Russian.
60
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]