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having + V
3
having operated –
:
:
having been + V
3
having been operated –
()
Having read the book I
told you of my opinion
,
PERFECT PARTICIPLE
.
(THE GERUND)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Having been written in time the
article was accepted by the editor. , .
V + ing
1. Reading is my hobby. – –
.
2. e girl stopped sobbing.- .
3. I like being alone in the house. – .
4. e idea of being late worried her very
much. – .
5. On reading the book I came across a
number of unfamiliar words. – -
() .
On seeing me she turned pale. –
, .
Aer getting rid of the unexpected visitor
they went on with their work. – -
,
.
261261
,
;
()
I
II
часть сложного
.
-
.
II
III
сказуемого
–
() .
.
.
III
а) прямое
Дополнение:
б) косвенное предложное
() .
,
,
.
,
262262
Reading books is useful.
Asking him about it was
useless
Her greatest pleasure is read-
Seeing is believing.
He began reading this book
yesterday.
a) I like reading books.
I remember having seen
(seeing) this lm.
b) I am pleased with his
studying
С ПРЕДЛОГОМ
,
IV
(
of, for
-
,
.
.
().
V
:
) (
.
–
.
in при, в то время как;
,
.
по-
on-, -upon по; aer
сле; before перед, до).
b) (-
( )
.
with-
by)
c) -
( :
, -
( ).
, -
out, instead of, for .)
.
IV
English so hard.
We insisted on the meeting
being put o.
V
I don’t like his manner of
reading.
I had the pleasure of know-
ing him personally.
e barometer is an instru-
ment for measuring pressure.
a) Aer having read the let-
ter, she put it into her bag.
In copying the text, he made
a few mistakes.
b) We enrich our knowledge
by reading books.
c) ey walked quickly with-
out stopping to rest.
263263
,
.
, -
, -
,
.
.
ПРИМЕРЫ
.
-
.
.
( )
( )
.
264
ING
When the workers were
Building this hospital, the
building this hospital, they
used local materials.
e workers building this
workers used local materials.
В русск. яз.
Participle
В англ. яз.
( Conti-
nuous)
Participle
( )
Participle
Building this hospital took
e building of this hospi-
hospital used only local
materials.
six months.
e use of local building
tal took six months.
materials reduced the cost.
—
Gerund
Verbal Noun
( )
(an interesting book)
(an amusing story)
e new building of this
hospital is in a park area.
Noun
Adjective
------
-------
I, we shall be allowed to V
( Мне, нам разрешат … )
I, we shall be able to V
He, she, it will be able to
V
You, they will be able to V
He, she, it will be al-
-------
lowed to V
( Ему, ей разрешат … )
You, they will be allowed
to V
( Тебе, им разрешат … )
(должен будет)
-------
1) shall / will have to V
2) shall / will be to V
(мог, могла, могли)
could
I, she, he, it was able
to V
We, you, they were
able to V
might
I, he, she, it was al-
lowed to V
( Мне, ему, ей
разрешили … )
We, you, they were
allowed to V
( Нам, тебе, им
разрешили … )
(должен был)
1) had to V
2) was / were to V
PRESENT PAST FUTURE
can
(могу, можешь, может,
можем, можете, могут)
I am able to V
He, she, it is able to V
We, you, they are able to V
may
I am allowed to V
(Мне разрешают делать
что-л.)
He, she, it is allowed to V
(Ему, ей разрешают … )
We, you, they are allowed
to V
(Нам, вам, им разрешают …)
must
(должен)
1) have / has to V
2) am / is / are to V
MODAL VERBS and THEIR EVIVALENTS –
can
(мочь, уметь)
to be able to V
(быть способным что-
либо делать)
may
(1. мочь, можно;
2. возможно, может
быть)
to be allowed to V
(разрешать что-либо де-
лать)
must
(должен, должна, должны)
1) to have to V
2) to be to V
265
,
[-
-
(-
) -
;[ -
-
инфинитивом
]
I
Подлежащее
Часть сказуемого:
.
-
I
II
II
1)
-
2) -
3) -
( :
begin, continue
etc.)
1) ,
.
– .
2)
.
-
.
3)
.
III
III
1. Он хотел прочитать эту книгу.
Дополнение
2. Они решили поехать туда завтра.
3. Он предпочитает читать книги
в оригинале.
, E
266
To read books in bad light is harmful.
1) e problem was to get there in
time.
e best way to master the language
is to read much.
2) He was to get to the town before
dawn.
Such phenomena are to be observed
only in the north.
3) He began to read this story yes-
terday.
1. He wanted to read this book.
2. They decided to go there tomorrow.
3. He prefers to read books in the
original.
1) (-
),
2) -
(
,
, -
, ,
),
IV
1) -
.
2) ,
Определение
( )
, .
, -
,
.
1)
,
,
2)
, ,
3)
( the rst, the last, etc.).
3)
V
:
1) (
in
order, so as)
2)
(
.
3) .
1) -
, ( ) -
-.
2) .
3) ,
.
too, enough)
, -
.
IV
1) We shall have no pos-
2) e road to connect these
two towns is being built.
Here is the letter to be sent
o at once.
sibility to go there.
ere was only one house
V
1) We must work hard
(in order, so as) to master
English.
2) He has come to see you.
to live in.
3) He was the rst to come.
3) He is too tired to con-
tinue the way.
He is well enough to con-
tinue the way.
267
OBJECTIVE WITH THE INFINITIVE
We believe
(believed) him
to nish this work tomorrow.
to be nishing this work now.
to have nished this work (already)
to be sent to the conference.
to have been sent to the
to be at the conference as our
representative.
.
.
().
,
()
.
.
268
Samples of progress checks and tests on English
grammar and vocabulary
Test (to be, to have, there + to be)
Variant 1.
I. Выберите нужную форму глагола to be:
1. I … very busy today.
2. ere … 4 faculties in our academy some years
ago.
3. English … the most popular language in our
country.
1. is
2. shall be
3. was
4. am
4. I … a doctor in 5 years. 5. will be
5. My friend’s sister … very tired as she had 6
lessons yesterday.
6. were
7. are
6. What … your father?
7. e girl … seriously ill last year.
8. He … not at home next week.
9. ere … a good library in our academy.
10. My brothers … not at home now.
II. Выберите нужную форму глагола to have:
1. She … a lot of work today.
2. Twice a year students … vacations.
3. We … practical training at hospitals in a year. 1. will have
4. He … lectures in Biology on Mondays. 2. had
5. ey … some very nice watches in that shop. 3. has
6. … he any brothers or sisters?
4. shall have
7. ey … a party next week. 5. have
8. e book … many pictures.
9. In 2 years I … practical training at hospitals.
10. I couldn’t write the letter a day before because I
… no paper at home.
269
III. Укажите предложения, в которых глаголы to be, to have
являются модальными.
1. My brother is interested in languages of dierent countries.
2. He is to go there next week.
3. Have you passed your examination in physics?
4. ey have to do a lot of work today.
5. He is a man of strong will.
IV. Укажите правильные варианты перевода:
1. e students are in the club.
a) .
b) .
2. ere are dictionaries on this table.
a) .
b) .
Test (to be, to have, there + to be)
Variant 2.
I. Выберите нужную форму глагола to be:
1. My sister … a teacher next year.
2. Our classes … over at 3 o’clock yesterday. 1. is
3. English … the most popular language in our
country.
4. Now I … a student but in several years I … a doctor.
2. shall be
3. was
4. am
5. will be
5. ere … only one hospital in this town last year. 6. were
6. Biology … a special subject at the Medical Acad-
7. are
emy.
7. e patients’ condition … good today.
8. ese children … under the care of a doctor some
days ago.
9. Our professors … at the conference next week
10. ere … three patients in the h ward now.
270
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