Русско-английский словарь предлогов
.pdfнаходиться
•перед чем-либо или кем-либо
1) in front of smth, smb; 2) before of smth, smb —
He stopped before door and knocked — A policeman was standing in front of a car — Stand before the altar! — The average child spends three to four hours in front of TV — Suddenly a mountain loomed up in front of them (before them) — The task of employing the house lay before us — The actor was proud of performing before the Queen.
•перед чем-либо или be before smb else, be before smth else — You’re
кем-либо (в очереди, before me in the queue — The files are in alphabeti-
по списку, включая cal order: “B” comes before “C”. предметы и т. п.)
•прямо перед гла- stare smb right in the face — The solution was star-
зами субъекта ing me right in the face.
не останавливаться not to shirk from doing something bad — A deter-
перед совершением mined burglar (грабитель) will not shirk from плохого поступка или breaking a window to gain entrance.
преступления
не отступать перед not to shrink from difficulties
трудностями
перед каким-либо 1) before breakfast, lunch, dinner, meeting etc; мероприятием 2) before the beginning of the lessons; 3) before going to bed; 4) before snowing; 5) before going
out (of the house)
перед каким-либо событием
перед лицом
•опасности
•своих товарищей перед тем как…
before the war, Easter, Christmas etc. — Hot-cross buns (слоёная булочка) are traditionally sold just before Easter.
be in danger of (doing) smth
in the face of his friends
before doing smth — Test the heat of the water before getting in.
Перед тобой вся жизнь You have your whole life before you!
впереди!
поставить кого-либо bring smb to smb’s else’s knees
на колени перед кемлибо
141
предстать перед судом 1) appear in court; 2) come before the court; 3) stand a trial — Four people will appear in court today, charged with fraud (объявление в мошенничестве).
смириться перед неиз- submit to the inevitable
бежностью
ставить кого-либо present smb with a fait accompli
перед свершившимся фактом
титул перед именем — Walter Railergh (1554–1618), explorer and writer, received a knighthood from Elisabeth the First.
упасть на колени перед fall (drop) to one’s knees before smb
кем-либо
По
Предлог по — один из самых распространенных в русском языке и имеет массу разнообразных значений в обоих языках. Наиболее распространенными эквивалентами предлога по в английском языке являются следующие предлоги: along, by, on, over и некоторые другие.
по безналичному рас- 1) on account; 2) by written order; 3) by cheque —
чету |
You could pay some of tax bill on account. |
по болезни |
1) through illness; 2) because of illness — Time lost |
по большей части |
through illness amounted to 1300 working days. |
1)mostly; 2) for the most part; 3) on the whole — |
|
по большому счёту |
For the most part people seemed pretty friendly. |
1) When all the factors are taken into account |
|
|
all together; 2)Summing up his pros and cons he |
По вашей милости |
deserves to be generally recognized. |
1) thanks to you; 2) through you |
|
по весу |
by weight |
по взаимному согла- |
1) by mutual agreement; 2) by mutual consent — |
сию |
Their divorce was by mutual consent |
по внешнему виду |
— These houses on the Stone island (St. Peters- |
(об архитектурном |
burg) are not the ordinary ones, they are the small |
стиле) |
palaces in character. |
по воде |
|
• идти на веслах |
— A group of young men were moving through the |
|
water on a rowing boat. |
142
•о плавающих предметах
•о перевозке грузов или пассажиров
по воздуху
•о движении по воздуху (как о процессе)
float in the water — I saw something large floating in the water.
by water — Many soldiers were transported by water in the last centre
through air
•о перевозке грузов by air — All suppliers are transported by air.
или пассажиров
•о почтовых отправ- by air mail
лениях
• переносимый |
air-born |
по воздуху (о части- |
|
цах загрязнений |
|
и радиоактивных |
|
изотопах) |
|
по возможности |
within the bounds of possibility |
по воскресеньям, поне- on Sundays, Mondays etc.
дельникам и т. п.
по всей длине улицы
по всему
•миру, свету
•полу, комнате, квартире, дому
и пр.
•телу
по встречному направлению (о движении автомобилей на дороге)
по выходным дням
the whole length of the street — The queue stretched the whole length of the high street.
1) all over the world; 2) around the world; 3) worldwide — Around the world I’ve searched for you.
1)all over the floor, room, flat, house etc. — The children had scattered toys all over the floor;
2)throughout the flat, house etc.
throughout the body
in the opposite direction — He was hit by a lorry coming in the opposite direction.
at weekends — What do you usually do at weekends?
по геологическим меркам (в геологическом масштабе)
on a geological scale — As a result of tsunami the Honshu island mowed towards the Pacific over the distance of two meters. Thе distance is very great on a geological scale.
143
по-глупости |
like a fool — Like a fool, I told her everything. |
по данному вопросу, |
on the matter (of smth) — Speak to your manager |
проблеме |
of you need help on this matter. |
по деревенской дороге, |
by the country road — It’s quicker to go by the |
через деревню |
country road. |
по десять, двадцать… |
ten, twenty… roubles per head |
рублей с человека |
|
по-детски |
childishly |
по дешёвке, очень |
on the cheap — A clean environment cannot be had |
дёшево |
on the cheap. |
по (согласно) догово- |
under the agreement — Under the agreement the |
рённости |
farmer is not allowed to use this fi eld. |
по дороге |
|
• о движении вдоль |
along the road, motorway, highway — He was |
дороги |
walking along the road when he was attacked. |
•по суше, а не по by road — It takes three hours by road.
воде
по достоинству |
deservedly (idiom) |
по другим причинам |
for other reasons |
по другую сторону |
over (across) the way, road |
дороги |
|
по-дружески |
1) in a friendly manner; 2) in a friendly way; |
по желанию (делать |
3) amicably |
at will — He can’t just fi re (заинтересовать) |
|
всё, что захочется) |
people at will, can he? |
по железной дороге |
by railway, train, rail |
(путешествовать) |
|
по (чьему-либо) заве- |
1) in smb’s will — My grandmother left me some |
щанию |
money in his will; 2) under smb’s will |
по закону, в соответ- |
1) under a law — The people arrested under |
ствии с законом |
anti-terrorism law released without charge (без |
|
последствий); 2) within the law — They were |
по запаху |
performing their duties within the law. |
by odour |
|
по заслугам |
it serves smb right |
по заявке, требованию, |
1) on request — We will arrange accommodation |
просьбе |
on request custom; 2) on application |
позреломуразмышлению on second thoughts (idiom) |
|
по идее |
1) in principle; 2) conceptually |
144
по имени by name
по какой-либо причине for any reason — If, for any reason, you cannot
по колено (вода) |
attend, please inform us. |
1) up to smb’s knee — The water is rising and it is |
|
по крайней мере |
already up to my knee; 2) as high as one’s knees |
1) at any rate; 2) at least |
по красному свету (све- through a red light — He drove straight through
тофора) |
a red light. |
по личному опыту |
from personal experience — I know from personal |
по любому поводу |
experience that you can’t trust Jonny. |
at the slightest pretext |
|
по максимуму |
to the utmost |
(о работе) |
|
по-мальчишески |
boylishly |
по материнской линии |
on the material — All the relatives on my maternal |
по медицинским пока- |
are aristocrats. |
on medical evidence |
|
заниям |
|
по меньшей мере |
at least |
по мере |
|
•более глубокого at smth comes to be better understood
изучения
•возможности
•необходимости
•приближения
•разработки
•того, как…
по милости кого-либо по мировым оценкам
по многочисленным просьбам по моде
по моему
• мнению
1) so far as is practicable; 2) as far as possible; 3) as much as possible
1) as necessary; 2) as far as is necessary; 3) …as need; 4) …as required
1) as smth is approached; 2) (об автомобиле) as a car is coming
as smth is developed
1) as…; 2) in proportion as… by courtesy of smb
by world estimates — By world estimates, the standart of living in Russia is very low.
by popular request — The film is being shown again by popular request.
after the fashion — She spoke in French after the fashion of the court.
1) in my opinion; 2) to my mind; 3) to my way of thinking; 4) in my view; 5) to my opinion
145
on my home telephone number — Try phoning me on my home number after six o’clock.
1) in my way; 2) as I wish in my humble opinion
by my watch… — It’s ten o’clock by my watch and half past nine by the study clock.
by sea — Prof. Reed gave a present to Prof. K.V. Kondratovich. That was a typewriter that he sent from Seattle (USA) to St. Petersburg by sea. by nature — She was by nature a very affectionate person.
by a nationality sign — After October 1917 the Bolsheviks tore the territory of Russia apart by a nationality sign.
по-нашему (поступать) 1) in our way; 2) do smth like we usually do по небрежности 1) by default; 2) through the carelessness по независимым от нас due to circumstance beyond our control
обстоятельствам по необходимости
по неподтверждённым, непроверенным данным по нормальной цене
по нотам (играть на музыкальных инструментах)
по оба берега, на обоих берегах по обе стороны гра-
ницы, улицы по обоим концам стола
по общему согласию
по обыкновению по озонометрическим наблюдениям
по отношению к чемулибо по ошибке
по памяти
по-пластунски по переводу на другую работу
по поводу чего-либо
по подозрению
по почте
по правилам по праву
по праву завоевателя
по правую (левую) сторону по-прежнему
по прибытии по построению
по поступлению документов по привычке
по приговору за убийство по приказу генерала
по принципу по природе (о характере)
по природе вещей по причинам, лучше всего вам известным
1) concerning; 2) as regards; 3) with regard to;
4) with respect to
1)in error — The wrong man was arrested in error;
2)by mistake; 3) make a mistake about smb (т. е. не узнать кого-либо)
from memory — The pianist played the whole piece from memory.
crawl on one’s stomach
— I had a transfer to another job.
1) with regard to smth; 2) in connection with smth; 3) apropos of smth
on suspicion — Smith was booked on suspicion of attempted murder.
1) by post; 2) by mail; 3) by e-mail; 4) by air mail; 5) by surface mail; 6) through the post
by the rules — You’ve get to play by the rules. by right — The money is yours by right.
by right of conquest — The Normans ruled England by right of conquest.
to the right (left)
1) as before; 2) in the old way; 3) as usual; 4) on the ground
on arrival — A deposit is playable on arrival. by the construction
см. по прибытии
1) through habit; 2) from habit; 3) force of habit under the sentence for murder
by order of the general on the principle
см. по натуре
in the nature of things
for the reasons best known to yourself — For the reasons best known to herself she has turned down the offer.
147
по причине чего-либо
по происхождению
по профессии
по прошлому опыту по пути по пути чьему-либо
по путям (жел. дор.)
1) by reason of smth — These persons are in need of care by reason of old age; 2) because of; 3) for the reason; 4) for the reason of smth
by birth — Alexandrine d’Armfielt, my grandmouther, was by birth from the swedish aristocratic family.
by profession — He was a consultant physician by profession.
см. из прошлого опыта
on one’s way — On my way home I met my sister. go down the road of smth
1) go on foot along the track; 2) go (run) along rails
по радио, телевидению |
1) on the radio, television — We were listening to |
|
a show on the radio; 2) by radio — The message |
|
was sent by radio. |
по разным причинам |
for all sorts of reasons — People buy things for all |
|
sorts of reasons. |
по разумной цене |
at the reasonable price |
по рельсам (пинком) |
along the rails |
по российским меркам |
By the Russian yardstick this is good salary |
по своему усмотрению |
in one’s discretion |
по своим убеждениям |
according to one’s convections (political or reli- |
|
gious) |
по себестоимости |
at cost — His uncle is a car dealer and let him buy |
|
the car at cost |
по секрету |
1) secretly; 2) in confidence — I’ll tell you about |
|
John — in confi dence of course. |
по совету кого-либо по современным стандартам по согласию
on smb’s advice — I chose it on his advice. by modern standards
under the agreement — Under the agreement the farmer is not allowed to use this fi eld.
по состоянию здоровья on health grounds — He retired from the job on health grounds.
по суше |
1) by land (о путешествиях); 2) by surface |
|
(о почтовых отправлениях) |
148
по существу |
1) in essence; 2) essentially — In essence his mes- |
|
sage contained nothing; 3) to the point — Her |
по телевидению |
comments were brief and to the point. |
on television — Every night our citizens watch |
|
по телефону |
about murders on television. |
1) over the telephone — I don’t want to talk about |
|
|
this over the telephone; 2) on the telephone — I’ve |
|
never met him, but I’ve spoken to him on the tele- |
|
phone; 3) get in touch by telephone — Can I get in |
по тем же причинам |
touch by telephone? |
1) for the same reasons; 2) by the same token |
|
по течению |
downstream |
по той простой при- |
for the simple reason that… |
чине, что… |
|
по традиции, старому |
as is (was) the custom — People threw coins onto |
обычаю |
the stage as was the custom. |
по требованию, по |
1) at smb’s request — The play was written by |
просьбе |
Agatha Christie at the request of Queen Mary; 2) |
по три ряда из десяти |
with request for smth; 3) requested by bank |
Soldiers marched in three ranks of ten |
|
солдат в каждом |
|
по ту сторону границы over the border
по условиям договора |
under the terms of (argument) the treaty — Under |
|
the terms of the alliance, Japan was not obliged to |
по форме похожий |
enter the war. |
be similar in shape to smth — These rackets are |
|
на что-либо |
similar in shape to tennis rackets. |
по ходу дела |
1) when things are going; 2) when things are under- |
|
way; 3) when things are in progress; 4) between |
по-хорошему |
times things are going; 5) in the meantime |
in a good way |
|
по часовой стрелке |
clockwise — Turn the dial in a clockwise direc- |
по-честному |
tion. |
1) honestly; 2) in an honest way |
|
по чьей-либо просьбе |
at smb’s request — The play was written by Agatha |
по чьему-либо вкусу |
Christie at the request of Queen Mary. |
after smb’s own heart — Smirnoff really is a man |
|
|
offer my own heart. |
149
по чьему-либо приказу |
at smb’s command |
по чьему-либо реше- |
at smb’s discretion — The awards are made at the |
нию |
discretion of the committee. |
по чьему-либо соци- |
by the smb’s social position |
альному положению |
|
по этой причине |
for this reason that… |
по этому номеру |
1) on this number; 2) on this phone number |
(о телефоне) |
|
по этому поводу
•По этому поводу I shall tell you in connection with that…
я скажу вам…
•Что вы думаете по What are your feelings on the matter?
этому поводу?
…+ По
арестовать по делу to arrest on a charge of burglary
о грабеже
барабанить по стеклу patter on the glass — The rain was pattering on the (о дожде) window pane (оконное стекло).
бегло говорить по be fluent in English, Russian etc. (по-английски, по-русски и пр.)
близки по возрасту |
close in age — These children are close to each |
брак по расчёту |
other in age. |
a marriage of convenience |
|
бродить |
|
•бесцельно по дому drift aimlessly about the house
•бесцельно гулять 1) walk about the town; 2) get about the town;
по городу |
3) wander about the house, town etc — We spent |
• по улицам |
the whole afternoon walking about town. |
wander through the street |
|
бронировать что-либо |
make a reservation by telephone |
по телефону |
|
быть единодушными |
unanimous about (on) — Doctors are unanimous |
по какому-либо |
about danger of this drug. |
вопросу |
|
150