Упражнение 30. Определите функции слов only, since, yet, either и переведите предложения

1. Under a fixed procedure of welding these two latter factors are the only ones under which the welding operator has control. 2. There remain only five cases to be considered in this analytic study. 3. The question of the gauge to be adopted was not yet definitely settled. 4. It remains yet to be seen how, if at all, this modest improvement in exports will influence business activity in general. 5. As yet no practicable means of controlling this procedure has been found. 6. Yet occasionally such important operations are delegated to unskilled, inefficient workmen. 7. Text may be formatted either after it has been entered or as it is typed into the work area. 8. You can use either the Zoom options on the Toolbar or the Zoom choice on Words View menu to enlarge or reduce the size of things on your screen. 9. Only download beta software if you know what you’re doing online and are comfortable with your computer and how it works. 10. Linux is actually only the kernel of an operating system, the part that controls hardware, manages files, separates processes, and so forth. 11. Always make all of your formatting changes before creating a table of contents or index, since altered margin settings, type sizes, and a myriad of other things affect how much text will fit on a page, and thus which pages contain specific items. 12. The paragraph alignment buttons will affect either the paragraph containing the insertion point, or all selected paragraphs. 13. Since any analysis or design is only as accurate as the models used, it is essential that the circuit designer have a thorough understanding of the models commonly used, and the degree of approximation involved in each.

1.11 Перевод некоторых союзов, предлогов и наречий

1.11.1 Whether

Союз whether соответствует русскому “ли”, вводит придаточные предложения и занимает место перед подлежащим предложения:

I don’t know whether to go there or not.	Не знаю, идти ли туда или нет.
It is not clear whether the agreement will be signed this week.	Еще не ясно, будет ли соглашение подписано на этой неделе.
It is difficult to establish whether this problem can be solved at all.	Трудно установить, можно ли вообще решить эту проблему.
The results of the test are to be recorded whether successful or not.	Результаты испытания должны быть зафиксированы независимо от того, удачны они или нет.

Упражнение 31. Переведите предложения

1. Hypothesis testing is the process of determining whether a result is or is not statistically significant. 2. Before investing time and money in collecting information about a decision, most people make a judgment (at least implicitly) on whether the information will be worth the trouble. 3. Deciding whether to purchase the newest software can be a problem for corporations and individuals with a large investment in software. 4. By formatting text as hidden, you can choose whether or not to display or print it. 5. Whether you wish you had someone around to spot that dreaded passive voice, or verbs in the wrong place, or long sentences like this one, check out Word’s Grammar Checker

1.11.2 Once

Союз once переводится как “после того, как”; “раз уж”; “стоит только”; “как ... (и)”:

Once the contract is violated, the party at fault becomes liable to pay damages.

Раз уж договор нарушается, для виновной стороны возникает обязанность возместить убытки.

Сочетание “at once” переводится как “сразу”; “сейчас”; “немедленно”:

It must be done at once.

Это надо сделать сейчас же.

С определенным артиклем “the once” переводится как “в тот момент”, “как только”:

The once the arm and shovel got to work making some shallow trenches, it didn’t take long to find that white subsurface once again.

Как только рука и лопатка приступали к работе, прочерчивая неглубокие бороздки, довольно быстро снова появлялась эта белая поверхность.

В качестве прилагательного once переводится как “давний”, “прежний”:

The once barely noticeable Internet Connection Firewall has been replaced by a much-improved Windows Firewall.

Едва заметный прежде брандмауэр Internet Connection Firewall заменен на существенно усовершенствованный брандмауэр Windows Firewall.