- •1 Structure of a business letter
- •1 This is how a business school teacher is explaining the parts of a business letter to a student:
- •2 Now read the letter and name its elements:
- •Grammar: The Sequence of Tenses – Узгодження часів
- •2 Writing a business e-mail
- •1 Why do people use e-mail in business? Make a list of reasons.
- •2 Read some 'rules' for writing good business e-mails. Which rules do you follow?
- •3 Read the e-mail below from a student to a company about their work experience programme. Which rules in ex 2 does he break?
- •4 Look al the phrases in italics (1-6) in the e-mail. Match them with the formal phrases (a-f) below:
- •5 Here are some phrases to use in e-mails. Write starting (s), ending (e), saying why you are writing (w) or requesting (r) after each one and the ones in ex 4:
- •6 Rewrite Luigi’s e-mail using the rules in ex 2 and some of the phrases in ex 5. Grammar: Reported Speech (statements) – Непряма мова (стверджувальні речення)
- •3 Doing Business on the Internet
- •1 Match words that have a similar meaning:
- •Grammar: Reported Questions, Requests, Orders – Непрямі питання, прохання, накази
- •4 Business across Cultures
- •1 Match words that have a similar meaning:
- •2 Match the words and phrases in the box with the correct definition:
- •5 Put these statements about customs and culture into the correct order. Translate the sentences:
- •Grammar: First Conditional – Умовні речення і типу
- •5 What is Economics About?
- •1 Read the following words and try to guess their meaning. Mind the stress!
- •2 Match English and Ukrainian equivalents:
- •3 Choose the correct word:
- •4 Complete the sentences:
- •Grammar Second Conditional – Умовні речення іі типу
- •6 Products, Goods and Services
- •1 Match words that have a similar meaning:
- •3 Match the words and phrases in the box with the correct definition:
- •Grammar: Third Conditional – Умовні речення ііі типу
- •7 Markets
- •I. Give English equivalents of the following:
- •III. Answer the questions:
- •IV. Translate into English:
- •Grammar: Modals – Модальні дієслова (1) Ability (здатність, спроможність): can, could, be able to
- •Permission (дозвіл): can, could, may, be allowed to
- •8 Export and Import
- •1 Match words that have a similar meaning:
- •4 Fill in the missing prepositions: (of (2), in, at (2), by (3), on (2), for, through, to)
- •5 Translate into English:
- •Grammar: Modals – Модальні дієслова (2)
- •9 Money and its functions
- •1 Match words that have a similar meaning:
- •2 Translate the sentences into Ukrainian. Define the part of speech of the underlined words:
- •3 The words in the box frequently occur before "money". Find combinations that mean:
- •4 Match the words and phrases in the box with the correct definition:
- •Grammar: Modals with the Perfect Infinitive – Модальні дієслова з перфектним інфінітивом
- •10 Aggregate supply
- •I. Find equivalents:
- •II. Match the synonyms:
- •III. Fill in the blanks with prepositions or adverbs if necessary:
- •IV. Match the terms with their definitions:
- •V. Define which of the following items best completes the statement:
- •VI. Complete the following sentences:
- •VIII. Translate into English:
- •Grammar: The Infinitive – Інфінітив
- •11 Aggregate demand
- •I. Match the antonyms:
- •V. Complete the following sentences:
- •VI. Translate into English:
- •VII. Replace the Ukrainian words and phrases by their English equivalents in the correct form:
- •Grammar: The Gerund – Герундій
- •(12) Grammar: The Participle – Дієприкметник
Grammar: Reported Questions, Requests, Orders – Непрямі питання, прохання, накази
When you report a question, you use the same word order as in the statement. You make the same tense and other changes as you do for reported statements:
• Wh- and How questions: "Where is the secretary?" He asked Tom where the secretary was.
• Yes / No questions: "Are you preparing your presentation, Jack?" - She asked if / whether Jack was preparing his presentation.
• Requests: "Would you pass me the report please, Tom?” – She asked Tom if he would pass her the report. – She asked Tom to pass her the report.
• Orders: "Come back to work!"- Manager told us to come back to work.
Ex.1. Rewrite these sentences, changing the direct speech to reported speech:
1 "What has happened to Jane? Has anyone seen her today?" the boss asked.
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2 "Did you buy some more new computers?" she wanted to know.
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3 "Why do the prices go up so often?" she wondered.
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4 "Have you got a work permit?" the immigration officer wanted to know.
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5 "Are you interested in advertising?" asked Susan.
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6 "Why do you want to join our company?" she asked me.
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7 "Are you leaving today or tomorrow morning?" asked his secretary.
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8 "Don't speak to him like this!" she warned me.
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9 "Always read the contract before you sign it," he advised his client.
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10 "Contact our representatives immediately!" Department Manager told them.
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11 "Please don't make rushed decisions," she begged him.
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12 "Don't wait till tomorrow," said the advertisement.
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13 "Could you explain this for me once more, please?" I asked the agent.
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14 "Can I have the weekend off?" she asked her boss.
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15 "Would you mind paying cash?" said the salesgirl when he took out his cheque-book.
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16 "Why don't you trust her?" he wondered.
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Ex.2. Rewrite these sentences, changing the reported speech to direct speech:
1 She said that her corporation had become bankrupt and its stock was of no value anymore. 2 I asked her if she'd like to take my pen but she thanked me. 3 He wanted to know if I was going to calculate the indirect costs. 4 My employer hoped I wouldn’t be offended if he told me that I would do better in some other kind of job. 5 He asked me how long it had taken me to complete the job. 6 I wondered whether he had bought a guidebook to London. 7 He asked what we were discussing. 8 I wondered if they would solve that problem at the meeting. 9 He asked the manager to accept his resignation. 10 She asked me when I would be in Kyiv. 11 The court ordered the company to pay all their debts before 1 October. 12 He wanted to know when the new training program would be presented. 13 She wondered where we had held the conference the previous year. 14 Helen asked Tom if he had got a car. 15 He promised her that if she attended the conference the following week, she would hear his new theory about classification of the costs. 16 He couldn't understand how I managed on my salary.