- •1 Structure of a business letter
- •1 This is how a business school teacher is explaining the parts of a business letter to a student:
- •2 Now read the letter and name its elements:
- •Grammar: The Sequence of Tenses – Узгодження часів
- •2 Writing a business e-mail
- •1 Why do people use e-mail in business? Make a list of reasons.
- •2 Read some 'rules' for writing good business e-mails. Which rules do you follow?
- •3 Read the e-mail below from a student to a company about their work experience programme. Which rules in ex 2 does he break?
- •4 Look al the phrases in italics (1-6) in the e-mail. Match them with the formal phrases (a-f) below:
- •5 Here are some phrases to use in e-mails. Write starting (s), ending (e), saying why you are writing (w) or requesting (r) after each one and the ones in ex 4:
- •6 Rewrite Luigi’s e-mail using the rules in ex 2 and some of the phrases in ex 5. Grammar: Reported Speech (statements) – Непряма мова (стверджувальні речення)
- •3 Doing Business on the Internet
- •1 Match words that have a similar meaning:
- •Grammar: Reported Questions, Requests, Orders – Непрямі питання, прохання, накази
- •4 Business across Cultures
- •1 Match words that have a similar meaning:
- •2 Match the words and phrases in the box with the correct definition:
- •5 Put these statements about customs and culture into the correct order. Translate the sentences:
- •Grammar: First Conditional – Умовні речення і типу
- •5 What is Economics About?
- •1 Read the following words and try to guess their meaning. Mind the stress!
- •2 Match English and Ukrainian equivalents:
- •3 Choose the correct word:
- •4 Complete the sentences:
- •Grammar Second Conditional – Умовні речення іі типу
- •6 Products, Goods and Services
- •1 Match words that have a similar meaning:
- •3 Match the words and phrases in the box with the correct definition:
- •Grammar: Third Conditional – Умовні речення ііі типу
- •7 Markets
- •I. Give English equivalents of the following:
- •III. Answer the questions:
- •IV. Translate into English:
- •Grammar: Modals – Модальні дієслова (1) Ability (здатність, спроможність): can, could, be able to
- •Permission (дозвіл): can, could, may, be allowed to
- •8 Export and Import
- •1 Match words that have a similar meaning:
- •4 Fill in the missing prepositions: (of (2), in, at (2), by (3), on (2), for, through, to)
- •5 Translate into English:
- •Grammar: Modals – Модальні дієслова (2)
- •9 Money and its functions
- •1 Match words that have a similar meaning:
- •2 Translate the sentences into Ukrainian. Define the part of speech of the underlined words:
- •3 The words in the box frequently occur before "money". Find combinations that mean:
- •4 Match the words and phrases in the box with the correct definition:
- •Grammar: Modals with the Perfect Infinitive – Модальні дієслова з перфектним інфінітивом
- •10 Aggregate supply
- •I. Find equivalents:
- •II. Match the synonyms:
- •III. Fill in the blanks with prepositions or adverbs if necessary:
- •IV. Match the terms with their definitions:
- •V. Define which of the following items best completes the statement:
- •VI. Complete the following sentences:
- •VIII. Translate into English:
- •Grammar: The Infinitive – Інфінітив
- •11 Aggregate demand
- •I. Match the antonyms:
- •V. Complete the following sentences:
- •VI. Translate into English:
- •VII. Replace the Ukrainian words and phrases by their English equivalents in the correct form:
- •Grammar: The Gerund – Герундій
- •(12) Grammar: The Participle – Дієприкметник
1 Read the following words and try to guess their meaning. Mind the stress!
'group - |
'logical - |
in'vest - |
eco'nomics - |
'subject - |
'element - |
pro'duce - |
occu'pation - |
'reason - |
'finally - |
spe'cific - |
indi'vidual - |
'principle - |
re'source - |
e'conomist - |
ana'lytical - |
2 Match English and Ukrainian equivalents:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 |
an applied subject specific skill a few simple rules to derive conclusions to make a choice to take actions to meet one's wants to use intensively to interact in social groups |
a b c d e f g h i |
кілька простих правил прикладна дисципліна особливі уміння вживати заходів використовувати інтенсивно задовольняти потреби робити висновки взаємодіяти в соціальних групах робити вибір |
3 Choose the correct word:
1 Economics is a ... discipline. |
a) basic |
b) natural |
c) social |
2 ... is an applied subject. |
a) history |
b) accounting |
c) economics |
3 Mathematical tools are used in economics.... |
a) briefly |
b) extensively |
c) finally |
4 Like other subjects, economics has a few ... and principles. |
a) rules |
b) graphs |
c) lines |
5 Every choice involves a.... |
a) investment |
b) cost |
c) time |
4 Complete the sentences:
1 Economics is a subject that most students encounter only briefly before they....
2 Economics is not an applied subject in which....
3 It studies people as they....
4 Economics is the science of....
5 Every choice involves ... .
5 Fill in the gaps with: interact, briefly, extensively, make, take, choices, science
1 Logical reasoning and mathematical tools are used in economics.... 2 Most students encounter economics only ... before they begin college. 3 Economics studies people as they ... in social groups. 4 Economics is the ... of making.... 5 Economics is the study of the choices that people ... and the actions that they....
Grammar Second Conditional – Умовні речення іі типу
If + Past Simple ... , ... would +V |
We use the second conditional:
• to talk about an unlikely or imaginary situation and its probable result:
If I won the lottery, I'd buy a new car. – Якби я виграв у лотерею, я б купив нове авто.
• in the expression "If I were you, I'd ..." to give advice:
If I were you, I'd retire. – На твоєму місці я б звільнилася.
Ex.1. Finish these second conditional sentences:
1. If I passed my English exam, ................................................
2. If my friend got promotion, ................................................
3. If he listened to my advice, ................................................
4. If he invested in government bonds, ................................................
5. If I were you, ................................................
6. If the customer complained, ................................................
7. If you knew him better, ................................................
8. If I could help you, ................................................
9. If she were present, ................................................
10. If you didn't ask me any questions, ................................................
11. If he took better care of his health, ................................................
12. If I saw it with my own eyes, ................................................
13. If I were sacked, ................................................
Ex.2. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form (all the sentences refer to the present or future):
1 If nothing better …………… (turn up), he would apply for this job. 2 I wouldn't want to live in this city even if I …………… (have) all the money in the world. 3 If you …………… (change) your mind, I would never forgive you. 4 If you …………… (study) harder, you would get better marks. 5 If I ………… (win) a lot of money, I would feel very happy. 6 If I were you, I …………… (be) more careful. 7 If it ………… (not be) so late, I would phone him. 8 If you really wanted to help, you …………… (can) do it even now. 9 If we reached an agreement, we …………… (sign) the contract. 10 If market prices …………… (rise), we would talk about a bull market. 11 If you …………… (can) send us this information, we would be very grateful. 12 Our products …………… (not sell) if we didn't have a strong sales department. 13 If she had more money, she …………… (spend) her holidays in Italy. 14 If you …………… (provide) a better service, you would get more customers. 15 We would save money if we …………… (employ) our own people.
Ex.3. What would you do if ... Answer these questions with a conditional sentence:
1 ... you won lots of money? ………………………………………………………………………………..
2 ... you were a famous film star? …………………………………………………………………………
3 ... you found a wallet on the ground? …………………………………………………………………..
4 ... you were invited to play a part in a film? ……………………………………………………………
5 ... you were trying to lose weight? ……………………………………………………………………….
6 ... you were to change your job? ……………………………………………………………………….
7 ... you saw someone cheating in an exam? ………………………………………………………………
8 ... you wanted to buy someone a really good present? ……………………………………………………
9 ... you were to apply for the manager's job? ………………………………………………………………
10 ... you found a job abroad? ……………………………………………………………………….
11 ... you were promoted? ……………………………………………………………………….
12 ... you were robbed? ……………………………………………………………………….
13 ... you were asked to work overtime? ……………………………………………………………………
14 ... you were president of a big company? ………………………………………………………………