- •1 Structure of a business letter
- •1 This is how a business school teacher is explaining the parts of a business letter to a student:
- •2 Now read the letter and name its elements:
- •Grammar: The Sequence of Tenses – Узгодження часів
- •2 Writing a business e-mail
- •1 Why do people use e-mail in business? Make a list of reasons.
- •2 Read some 'rules' for writing good business e-mails. Which rules do you follow?
- •3 Read the e-mail below from a student to a company about their work experience programme. Which rules in ex 2 does he break?
- •4 Look al the phrases in italics (1-6) in the e-mail. Match them with the formal phrases (a-f) below:
- •5 Here are some phrases to use in e-mails. Write starting (s), ending (e), saying why you are writing (w) or requesting (r) after each one and the ones in ex 4:
- •6 Rewrite Luigi’s e-mail using the rules in ex 2 and some of the phrases in ex 5. Grammar: Reported Speech (statements) – Непряма мова (стверджувальні речення)
- •3 Doing Business on the Internet
- •1 Match words that have a similar meaning:
- •Grammar: Reported Questions, Requests, Orders – Непрямі питання, прохання, накази
- •4 Business across Cultures
- •1 Match words that have a similar meaning:
- •2 Match the words and phrases in the box with the correct definition:
- •5 Put these statements about customs and culture into the correct order. Translate the sentences:
- •Grammar: First Conditional – Умовні речення і типу
- •5 What is Economics About?
- •1 Read the following words and try to guess their meaning. Mind the stress!
- •2 Match English and Ukrainian equivalents:
- •3 Choose the correct word:
- •4 Complete the sentences:
- •Grammar Second Conditional – Умовні речення іі типу
- •6 Products, Goods and Services
- •1 Match words that have a similar meaning:
- •3 Match the words and phrases in the box with the correct definition:
- •Grammar: Third Conditional – Умовні речення ііі типу
- •7 Markets
- •I. Give English equivalents of the following:
- •III. Answer the questions:
- •IV. Translate into English:
- •Grammar: Modals – Модальні дієслова (1) Ability (здатність, спроможність): can, could, be able to
- •Permission (дозвіл): can, could, may, be allowed to
- •8 Export and Import
- •1 Match words that have a similar meaning:
- •4 Fill in the missing prepositions: (of (2), in, at (2), by (3), on (2), for, through, to)
- •5 Translate into English:
- •Grammar: Modals – Модальні дієслова (2)
- •9 Money and its functions
- •1 Match words that have a similar meaning:
- •2 Translate the sentences into Ukrainian. Define the part of speech of the underlined words:
- •3 The words in the box frequently occur before "money". Find combinations that mean:
- •4 Match the words and phrases in the box with the correct definition:
- •Grammar: Modals with the Perfect Infinitive – Модальні дієслова з перфектним інфінітивом
- •10 Aggregate supply
- •I. Find equivalents:
- •II. Match the synonyms:
- •III. Fill in the blanks with prepositions or adverbs if necessary:
- •IV. Match the terms with their definitions:
- •V. Define which of the following items best completes the statement:
- •VI. Complete the following sentences:
- •VIII. Translate into English:
- •Grammar: The Infinitive – Інфінітив
- •11 Aggregate demand
- •I. Match the antonyms:
- •V. Complete the following sentences:
- •VI. Translate into English:
- •VII. Replace the Ukrainian words and phrases by their English equivalents in the correct form:
- •Grammar: The Gerund – Герундій
- •(12) Grammar: The Participle – Дієприкметник
3к 2с ЕП 2012-13
1 Structure of a business letter
inquiry - запит |
delivery - доставлення |
reply to inquiry – відповідь на запит |
offer- пропозиція |
Letter of credit (L/C) - акредитив |
complaint – рекламація, скарга |
invoice – рахунок-фактура |
intended line – червоний рядок (з абзацу) |
Bill of Lading (B/L) - коносамент |
form - бланк |
Bill of Exchange – трата, переказний вексель |
heading- заголовок (листа) salutation- звернення |
Letter of Insurance –страховий поліс |
subscription- підпис; заключна форма ввічливості |
order -замовлення |
letterhead – заголовок бланку («шапка») |
shipment- відправлення |
recipient – одержувач, адресат |
reference – посилання (на автора листа) affix signature – ставити підпис |
sender – відправник enclosure – додаток |
Business letters include all kinds of commercial letters, replies to inquiries, Letters of Credit, invoices, Bills of Lading, Bills of Exchange or drafts, letters of insurance, orders, letters of shipment, letters of delivery, offers, letters of complaints, replies to those mentioned above, etc.
A business letter should be as short as possible, polite, and its language must be simple.
A private business letter is written by hand, each paragraph begins with an indented line. But if a letter is sent by an organization it is typed on the form of this organization. In this case it is not necessary to use indented lines.
A business letter is usually composed of the following elements: heading, date, address, salutation, text, subscription.
A letter can be typed on the organization’s form. Any form has its letterhead printed typographically. The letterhead bears the name of the organization or the firm, sending this letter, its address, address for telegrams, telephone, fax. If you do not use this form, write your address (as a sender) on the upper right side of the letter. Do not indicate your name here, if will follow your signature. Ukrainian names of foreign trade organizations are not translated into foreign languages. They are written with Latin letters. Your telephone number may be written below.
The date is written on the right side above (under your address or under a typographical letterhead of the form). In Great Britain the date may be indicated as follows: 7th April, 2001 or 7 April 2001. In the USA it is usually written like this: April 7, 2001.
As a rule, before or after the address of the recipient a reference is indicated which the sender asks to mention in the reply to the letter. A common reference represents the initials of the person who wrote the letter and those of the typist who typed it. The name and address of the recipient (inside address) is written on the left above.
The salutation is written on the left. If you don’t know the reader’s name, the opening salutation is Dear Sir, Dear Sir or Madam, or Dear Sirs. If you know the reader’s name, the opening salutation is Dear Ms... or Dear Mr... . In the subscription the expression Yours faithfully is usually used if you are not acquainted the persons or Yours sincerely if you write to a man (woman) whom you know at least by correspondence. In American English more common are the expressions Sincerely, Sincerely yours. The signature is affixed by hand above the typed name of the author.
If some material is added to the letter the word Enclosures or the abbreviation Encl is written in the left lower corner of the letter.
1 What kinds of letters does business correspondence include? 2 What are the major elements of a business letter? 3 When is the letterhead used? 4 What does the reference mean in a letter? 5 Where is the address of the recipient written? 6 How should the text of the letter be written? 7 What phrases are used in the salutation of business letter? 8 What should be written in the subscription of a letter? 9 What may be enclosed in a business letter? 10 How is usually the signature affixed? 11 Where is the date of the letter written? 12 What does the letterhead bear?