- •Предисловие
- •Unit I State Structure of the Republic of Belarus
- •Vocabulary
- •The Constitution of the Republic of Belarus
- •Vocabulary Practice
- •Discussion
- •Grammar Practice The Adjective. Degrees of Comparison
- •Articles
- •The Verb. Types of Questions
- •Tenses in the Active Voice
- •Modal Verbs
- •The President
- •The Leguslative and Executive Branches
- •Legal System of Belarus
- •Judicial Power
- •External Policy of the Republic of Belarus
- •Revision Translation
- •Unit II State Structure of the United Kingdom
- •Vocabulary
- •The Constitutional Monarchy
- •Legislature
- •Parliament
- •Vocabulary Practice
- •Verb noun(agent) noun(concept)
- •English Laws
- •Discussion
- •Grammar Practice Tenses in the Active Voice
- •Types of questions. Degrees of comparison. Articles.
- •Limitations on the Lords
- •The Queen
- •Electoral System
- •Political Party System
- •Revision translation
- •Unit III State Structure of the usa
- •Vocabulary
- •The Constitution of the usa
- •Vocabulary Practice
- •Discussion
- •1. The Declaration of Independence:
- •2. The Bill of Rights:
- •The Constitution:
- •Grammar Practice Articles
- •The Passive Voice
- •Modal Verbs
- •The Sequence of Tenses
- •Congress
- •The Senate
- •The House of Representatives
- •Department of Justice
- •Political Parties
- •Revision translation Правовая система сша
- •Unit IV Legal Profession
- •Vocabulary
- •Legal Profession in Great Britain
- •Word Practice
- •Verb noun (agent) noun (concept)
- •Discussion
- •Grammar practice The Infinitive
- •The Infinitive Constructions
- •Prepositions
- •Modal Verbs
- •Legal Profession in the United States
- •Judges Nomination
- •Judicial Independence
- •The United States Sheriffs’ Work
- •Revision translation Профессия юриста в Великобритании
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •You should Know Law
- •Vocabulary Practice
- •Verb noun (agent) noun (concept)
- •Discussion
- •1. Law is the highest achievement of civilization:
- •2. Functions of law:
- •3. The spheres of law:
- •Grammar Practice
- •Tenses in the Active and Passive Voice (Revision)
- •The Participle
- •The Participle Constructions
- •Sources of Law
- •Legal System of Great Britain
- •Ancient Laws
- •The Middle Ages Legislation
- •The Center of Government and Justice
- •Revision translation
- •Англо-саксонская правовая семья или семья общего права
- •Законодательство на территории Беларуси в Средние Века
- •Unit VI Crime
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary Practice
- •Discussion
- •Tom's Life of Crime
- •Inspector’s Investigation
- •Grammar Practice Prepositions
- •The Gerund
- •Defences
- •Juvenile Delinquency
- •Crime Prevention
- •Measures to Combat Terrorism
- •Computer Crime
- •Revision Translation
- •Unit VII Police Force
- •Vocabulary
- •The Work of the Police in Great Britain
- •Vocabulary Practice
- •Duties and functions of the police force:
- •Members of the police:
- •Grammar Practice Subjunctive Mood
- •The Police Mission
- •Points for Discussion:
- •The Metropolitan Police Force
- •Scotland Yard
- •Interpol
- •Police Force in the u.S.A.
- •Inspection Division
- •Revision Translation
- •Revision test (Units 1 – 3)
- •Inns of Court
- •Scottish Parliament
- •Vocation to Defend Man
- •Revision test (Units 4 – 7)
- •A Famous Russian Jurist
- •Supplement
- •1. English Alphabet and Sounds. Алфавит и звуки
- •2. Rules of reading. Произношение и чтение
- •3.Word Formation. Словообразование. Suffixes. Суффиксы
- •4.The Noun. The Category of number. Множественное число существительных
- •5. The Noun. The Category of Case. Притяжательный падеж
- •6. The indefinite Article
- •7. The Definite Article (with Common Nouns)
- •8. Omission of the Article. Отсутствие артикля
- •9. The Degrees of Comparison (the adjective and the adverb). Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий
- •10.The Pronoun. Местоимения
- •11. The Cardinal and the Ordinal numerals. Количественные и порядковые числительные
- •12. The Structure of the Sentence. Порядок слов в английском повествовательном предложении
- •13. To be and to Have (Indefinite Tenses). Глаголы to be и to have во временах группы Indefinite
- •15. Types of Questions. Типы вопросительных предложений
- •16. A) The Tenses in the Active Voice Времена действительного залога
- •16. B) The Future–in–the Past. Будущее в прошедшем
- •17. The Constitution It is/was… that. Усилительная конструкция
- •18. The Passive Voice. Страдательный залог.
- •19. Modal Verbs. Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.
- •20. The Sequence of Tenses. Согласование времен.
- •22. The word One
- •23. The Participle. Причастие.
- •24. The Participial Constructions. Причастные обороты
- •25. The Gerund. Герундий.
- •26. The Gerundial. Герундиальный оборот
- •27. The Infinitive. Инфинитив
- •28. The Infinitive Constructions. Инфинитивные обороты
- •29. Subjunctive Mood. Сослагательное наклонение.
- •List of Irregular Verbs
- •List of Reference Books
Discussion
Ex. 1. Complete the following sentences
In all societies relations between people ...
Law can be defined as a set of rules which ...
Law serves to order and regulate ...
Law seeks to promote and achieve ...
The student of law is concerned with ...
The study of a legal process is ...
Law fixes the forms of ...
Law lays down the measures for ...
Each rule which we call a law is a part of ...
Lawyers generally speak of law and laymen ...
Ex. 2. Choose the best way to complete the sentences and expand the idea.
The English word law refers to ...
development of institution of behaviour.
limits upon various forms of behaviour.
discernment in main claims for forms of behaviour.
Law can be defined as ...
a set of rules which form the pattern of behaviour of a given society.
a body of abstract rules of a particular society.
concept of common sense.
Law acts as ...
product of social and historical forces.
hallmark of civilized society.
standard of conduct and morality.
The study of a legal process is ...
the study of how decisions are made.
the operation of court system.
the influence of a society upon individual citizens.
Each rule which we call a law is a part of ...
the whole which we call the law.
completely new subject
the obvious question: what is law?
Ex. 3. Fill in the following chart.
-
Activities
Outcome of these activities
1. Students of Law discover that
......
2. .....
becomes a new precedent for courts to follow
3. Parliament makes laws which constitute
.....
4. Statute law can be used
.....
5. .....
gradually sees common law off the legal field
6. Legislation of subsequent Parliaments can
.....
Ex. 4. Mark the statements which are True and try to prove your choice
a)
In all societies relations between people are regulated by the government.
Law seeks to promote and achieve a broad range of social objectives.
There is a definite distinction between man-made law and moral precepts.
In man’s capacity to legislate against his own defects one can discern his claim to stand above the animal level.
Law embraces all forms of production, distribution and exchange.
Law enacts the legal status of citizens and the activity of the state mechanism.
Law lays down the measures for combating encroachment on the state system.
The laws of the country are common rules enforced by the government.
Law is based upon long observation of different people in different situations.
The general nature of the law is that it is enforced equally against all members of the nation.
b)
There is not any distinction between civil law and public law.
The victim of the crime pursues his claim for compensation in a civil, not a criminal, action.
The standards of proof are equal in a criminal action and in a civil one.
Criminal and civil procedure are the same.
The English Crown Court deals exclusively with either criminal or civil matters.
The party bringing a criminal action is called the prosecution, but the party bringing a civil action is the plaintiff.
Evidence from a criminal trial is always admissible as evidence in a civil action about the same matter.
The amount of money, or damages which the defendant should pay to the plaintiff is not the main argument in a civil court.
Disobeying any court may constitute criminal conduct.
The guilty defendant in a criminal case will automatically be found liable in a civil action about the same matter.
Ex. 5. Speak on the essence of Law. Include the following points: