- •Передмова
- •Загальні рекомендації
- •The infinitive
- •Sentence patterns with the infinitive
- •1.The Infinitive as Subject
- •2. The Infinitive as Predicate
- •3.The Infinitive as Part of the Predicate
- •3.1 The Infinitive as Part of the Simple Verbal Predicate
- •3.2The Infinitive as Part of the Compound Nominal Predicate proper
- •3.3 The Infinitive as Part of the Compound Verbal Modal Predicate
- •3.4 The Infinitive as Part of the Compound Verbal Phasal Predicate
- •Exercise 10. Complete the following sentences:
- •3.5 The Infinitive as Part of Mixed Predicates
- •4. The Infinitive as Object
- •4.1.The infinitive used after verbs that take only one object
- •4.3.An infinitive conjunctive phrase as object
- •4.4.The infinitive used after adjectives and adjectivized participles
- •4.5The infinitive used after statives
- •5. The Infinitive as Attribute
- •6.The Infinitive as Adverbial Modifier
- •6.2 The Infinitive as Adverbial Modifier of Subsequent Events
- •6.3 The Infinitive as Adverbial Modifier of Consequence (Result)
- •6.4.The Infinitive as Adverbial Modifier of Attendant Circumstances
- •6.5.The Infinitive as Adverbial Modifier of Comparison
- •6.6 The Infinitive as Adverbial Modifier of Condition
- •Exercise 17. Paraphrase the following sentences as in the pattern:
- •6.7 The Infinitive as Adverbial Modifier of Exception
- •6.8 The Infinitive as Adverbial Modifier of Time
- •6.9 The Infinitive as Adverbial Modifier of Motivation
- •7. The Infinitive as Parenthesis
- •Predicative constructions with the infinitive
- •The objective with the infinitive construction
- •I want them to win.
- •The subjective infinitive construction
- •Exercises
- •Self-correction exercises
- •1. Define the form of the infinitive in the following sentences:
- •2.Define the function of the infinitive in the following sentences:
- •3. Paraphrase the following sentences using the predicative infinitive constructions
- •The pattern of a final test on the infinitive
- •1.Complete the following sentences using the predicative infinitive constructions.
- •2.Paraphrase the following sentences using the predicative infinitive
- •3. Copy out the infinitive, define its form and its function.
- •The gerund
- •The main sentence patterns with the gerund
- •1.The Gerund as Subject.
- •2. The Gerund as Part of the Compound Predicate.
- •2.1. The Gerund as Part of the Compound Nominal Predicate (the Predicative)
- •2.2. The gerund as Part of the Compound Verbal Phasal Predicate
- •3. The Gerund as Object
- •3.1. The gerund in the function of a direct object
- •3.2. The Gerund in the function of a prepositional object.
- •3.2.1. After verbs
- •3.2.2. After some phrases
- •4. The gerund as attribute.
- •4.1. After Nouns.
- •4.2. Before Nouns
- •5.The gerund as adverbial modifier.
- •5.2. The gerund as adverbial modifier of attendant circumstances
- •5.3. The gerund as adverbial modifier of manner
- •5.4. The gerund as adverbial modifier of cause (reason).
- •5.5. The gerund as adverbial modifier of substitution / replacement
- •5.7. The gerund as adverbial modifier of addition
- •5.8. The gerund as adverbial modifier of concession
- •5.9. The gerund as adverbial modifier of condition
- •5.10. The gerund as adverbial modifier of exception (exclusion)
- •5.11. The gerund as adverbial modifier of purpose
- •The gerundial construction (complex)
- •1.The gerundial construction as complex subject.
- •2. The gerundial construction as complex predicative
- •3. The gerundial construction as complex direct object
- •4. The gerundial construction as complex prepositional object
- •5. The gerundial construction as complex attribute
- •6. The gerundial construction as complex adverbial modifier
- •Exercises on all sentence patterns with the gerund
- •Self-correction exercises on the gerund
- •1.Define the form of the gerund in the following sentences;
- •2.Define the function of the gerund in the following sentences:
- •The pattern of a final test on the gerund
- •1.Complete the following sentences using the gerund or the predicative gerundial constructions.
- •2.Paraphrase the following sentences using the predicative gerundial constructions, underline them, and define their functions.
- •3.Copy out the gerund, define its form and its function.
- •The Participle
- •The present participle (participle I)
- •Syntactical functions of the present participle
- •1.The Present Participle as Attribute.
- •2.The Present Participle as Adverbial Modifier
- •2.1.The Present Participle as Adverbial Modifier of Time
- •2.2.The Present Participle as Adverbial Modifier of Reason
- •2.3.The Present Participle as Adverbial Modifier of Attendant Circumstances
- •2.6.The Present Participle as Adverbial Modifier of Comparison
- •2.7.The Present Participle as Adverbial Modifier of Concession
- •2.8.The Present Participle as Adverbial Modifier of Condition
- •3.The Present Participle as Predicative (part of the compound nominal predicate)
- •4.The Present Participle as Parenthesis
- •The past participle (participle II)
- •Syntactical functions of the past participle
- •1.The Past Participle as Attribute
- •2.The Past Participle as Predicative (part of the compound nominal predicate)
- •3.The Past Participle as Part of the Compound Nominal Double Predicate
- •4.The Past Participle as Adverbial Modifier
- •4.1.The Past Participle as Adverbial Modifier of Time
- •4.2.The Past Participle as Adverbial Modifier of Reason
- •4.3.The Past Participle as Adverbial Modifier of Condition
- •4.4.The Past Participle as Adverbial Modifier of Concession
- •4.5.The Past Participle as Adverbial Modifier of Comparison
- •Predicative constructions with the participle
- •The objective participial construction
- •I saw the children speaking.
- •I found the door locked.
- •The subjective participial construction
- •Absolute constructions Nominative Absolute Participial Construction
- •Prepositional Absolute Participial Construction
- •Exercises
- •Self-correction exercises
- •1. Define the form of the participle in the following sentences:
- •2. Define the function of the participle in the following sentences:
- •3.Identify the predicative constructions with the infinitive, gerund and participle. Define their functions.
- •The pattern of a final test on the participle
- •1.Complete the following sentences using the predicative constructions with the Participle. Define their names and functions.
- •2. Copy out the Participles and define their functions.
- •3.Copy out the Participles and define their forms:
- •The pattern of a laboratory work on the non-finite forms of the verb
- •Insert the correct form of the non-finite forms of the verb, if possible.
- •Keys to the laboratory work on the non-finite forms of the verb
- •References
Self-correction exercises
1. Define the form of the participle in the following sentences:
SENTENCES |
THE FORMS OF PARTICIPLES |
1.Lou Dell burst into the room, rattling the door on its hinges. |
“rattling” – PI (the non-perfect correlation, the Active voice) |
2. Having taken the key from the lock, she went upstairs. |
“Having taken ” – PI (the perfect correlation, the Active voice) |
3. I am going the same day myself having been detained here for two days by the flood. |
" having been detained ” – PI (the perfect correlation, the Passive voice) |
4. The dark woods were touched here and there with red and golden leaves. |
“touched ” – PII |
5. The letter contained very little matter, being written in haste. |
“being written ” – PI (the non-perfect correlation, the Passive voice) |
6. We looked at the falling rain, dreaming… |
“falling”,” dreaming ” – PI (the non-perfect correlation, the Active voice) |
7. She kept her eyes fixed upon the mirror. |
“fixed ” – PII |
2. Define the function of the participle in the following sentences:
SENTENCES |
THE FORMS OF PARTICIPLES |
1.Hanna is always open for preferred customers. |
“preferred”– PII; an attribute |
2.”Up there”, Nicholas said, trying to point and nod at the same time. |
“trying” – PI; an AM of attendant circumstances |
3.Inside, Napier jumped and Nitchman set down his coffee, and Hoppy stared at them as if startled. |
as if “startled” – PII; an AM of comparison |
4.I saw this guy peeking in. |
“peeking” – PI; part of a complex object |
5.When at last he reached the piano, he felt paralyzed. |
“paralyzed” – PII; part of the CNPpr ( a predicative) |
6….the luxury submarine slipped beneath the surface of the water as smoothly as if guided by a giant hand. |
as if “guided” – PII; an AM of comparison |
7. Once submerged, Flett picked up the speed again, pushing the Coral Wanderer faster than her designers had specified. |
once “submerged” – PII; an AM of time; “pushing” - an AM of manner; “specified” – part of the SVP |
8. Pitt felt lost. |
“lost” - PII; part of the CNPpr (predicative) |
9. She glanced at Thomas as if seeking permission. |
as if “seeking” – PI; an AM of comparison |
10. Sally gave a detailed narrative of Curtis Merlin Zale’s grand scheme to create an oil monopoly and gain enormous wealth while dictating terms to the United States government. |
while “dictating” – PI; an AM of time |
11. The Invader remained headed into New York Harbor. |
“headed” – PII; part of the CNPpr ( a predicative) |
12. The loss of the pilots was appalling. |
“appalling” – PI, part of the CNPpr ( a predicative) |
13.”They’re well preserved”, Giordino observed, casting an admiring eye over the Viking ships. |
“preserved” – part of the CNPpr ( a predicative) “casting” – PI; an AM of manner; “admiring” – the attribute |
14. The last soft light of the setting sun had fallen on the earth. |
“setting ”– PI; an attribute |
15. Seeing clearly that it would be useless to pursue their point, the gentlemen refused. |
“ seeing ” – PI; an AM of cause |
16. Taking everything into consideration, they should be given another try. |
“taking everything into consideration” – PI; parenthesis |
17. He was sitting in the garden drinking his tea. |
“ sitting” – PI; part of the SVP “drinking” – PI; an AM of attendant circumstances |
18. Nelly fell downstairs, breaking her hip. |
“breaking” – PI; an AM of result |
19. She spoke as if suspecting me of something wrong. |
As if “suspecting” – PI; an AM of comparison |
20. Though having a weak voice, he is popular with the public. |
Though “having ” – PI; an AM of concession |
21. Kanaii appeared satisfied. |
“satisfied”– PII; part of the CNPpr (a predicative) |
22. I must have my shoes cleaned. |
“cleaned” – PII; part of the complex object |
23. Reading books in the original, you’ll enlarge your vocabulary. |
“reading ” – PI; an AM of condition |
24. The rose is faded. |
“faded ” – PII; part of the CNPpr (predicative) |
25. When dressed, I sat a long time by the window and looked out over the silent grounds. |
When “dressed ” – PII; an AM of time |
26. We were shown a manuscript written six centuries ago. |
“ written ”– PII; an attribute “ shown” – PII; part of the SVP |
27. Nobody spoke unless spoken to. |
“spoken ” – PII; an AM of condition |
28. Though burnt a little, the cake was tasty. |
“ burnt ” – PII; an AM of concession |
29. Taken daily, vitamin pills will improve your health. |
“taken ” – PII; an AM of condition |
30. Being a man of taste, he furnished his house admirably. |
“being ” – PI; an AM of reason |