- •Передмова
- •Загальні рекомендації
- •The infinitive
- •Sentence patterns with the infinitive
- •1.The Infinitive as Subject
- •2. The Infinitive as Predicate
- •3.The Infinitive as Part of the Predicate
- •3.1 The Infinitive as Part of the Simple Verbal Predicate
- •3.2The Infinitive as Part of the Compound Nominal Predicate proper
- •3.3 The Infinitive as Part of the Compound Verbal Modal Predicate
- •3.4 The Infinitive as Part of the Compound Verbal Phasal Predicate
- •Exercise 10. Complete the following sentences:
- •3.5 The Infinitive as Part of Mixed Predicates
- •4. The Infinitive as Object
- •4.1.The infinitive used after verbs that take only one object
- •4.3.An infinitive conjunctive phrase as object
- •4.4.The infinitive used after adjectives and adjectivized participles
- •4.5The infinitive used after statives
- •5. The Infinitive as Attribute
- •6.The Infinitive as Adverbial Modifier
- •6.2 The Infinitive as Adverbial Modifier of Subsequent Events
- •6.3 The Infinitive as Adverbial Modifier of Consequence (Result)
- •6.4.The Infinitive as Adverbial Modifier of Attendant Circumstances
- •6.5.The Infinitive as Adverbial Modifier of Comparison
- •6.6 The Infinitive as Adverbial Modifier of Condition
- •Exercise 17. Paraphrase the following sentences as in the pattern:
- •6.7 The Infinitive as Adverbial Modifier of Exception
- •6.8 The Infinitive as Adverbial Modifier of Time
- •6.9 The Infinitive as Adverbial Modifier of Motivation
- •7. The Infinitive as Parenthesis
- •Predicative constructions with the infinitive
- •The objective with the infinitive construction
- •I want them to win.
- •The subjective infinitive construction
- •Exercises
- •Self-correction exercises
- •1. Define the form of the infinitive in the following sentences:
- •2.Define the function of the infinitive in the following sentences:
- •3. Paraphrase the following sentences using the predicative infinitive constructions
- •The pattern of a final test on the infinitive
- •1.Complete the following sentences using the predicative infinitive constructions.
- •2.Paraphrase the following sentences using the predicative infinitive
- •3. Copy out the infinitive, define its form and its function.
- •The gerund
- •The main sentence patterns with the gerund
- •1.The Gerund as Subject.
- •2. The Gerund as Part of the Compound Predicate.
- •2.1. The Gerund as Part of the Compound Nominal Predicate (the Predicative)
- •2.2. The gerund as Part of the Compound Verbal Phasal Predicate
- •3. The Gerund as Object
- •3.1. The gerund in the function of a direct object
- •3.2. The Gerund in the function of a prepositional object.
- •3.2.1. After verbs
- •3.2.2. After some phrases
- •4. The gerund as attribute.
- •4.1. After Nouns.
- •4.2. Before Nouns
- •5.The gerund as adverbial modifier.
- •5.2. The gerund as adverbial modifier of attendant circumstances
- •5.3. The gerund as adverbial modifier of manner
- •5.4. The gerund as adverbial modifier of cause (reason).
- •5.5. The gerund as adverbial modifier of substitution / replacement
- •5.7. The gerund as adverbial modifier of addition
- •5.8. The gerund as adverbial modifier of concession
- •5.9. The gerund as adverbial modifier of condition
- •5.10. The gerund as adverbial modifier of exception (exclusion)
- •5.11. The gerund as adverbial modifier of purpose
- •The gerundial construction (complex)
- •1.The gerundial construction as complex subject.
- •2. The gerundial construction as complex predicative
- •3. The gerundial construction as complex direct object
- •4. The gerundial construction as complex prepositional object
- •5. The gerundial construction as complex attribute
- •6. The gerundial construction as complex adverbial modifier
- •Exercises on all sentence patterns with the gerund
- •Self-correction exercises on the gerund
- •1.Define the form of the gerund in the following sentences;
- •2.Define the function of the gerund in the following sentences:
- •The pattern of a final test on the gerund
- •1.Complete the following sentences using the gerund or the predicative gerundial constructions.
- •2.Paraphrase the following sentences using the predicative gerundial constructions, underline them, and define their functions.
- •3.Copy out the gerund, define its form and its function.
- •The Participle
- •The present participle (participle I)
- •Syntactical functions of the present participle
- •1.The Present Participle as Attribute.
- •2.The Present Participle as Adverbial Modifier
- •2.1.The Present Participle as Adverbial Modifier of Time
- •2.2.The Present Participle as Adverbial Modifier of Reason
- •2.3.The Present Participle as Adverbial Modifier of Attendant Circumstances
- •2.6.The Present Participle as Adverbial Modifier of Comparison
- •2.7.The Present Participle as Adverbial Modifier of Concession
- •2.8.The Present Participle as Adverbial Modifier of Condition
- •3.The Present Participle as Predicative (part of the compound nominal predicate)
- •4.The Present Participle as Parenthesis
- •The past participle (participle II)
- •Syntactical functions of the past participle
- •1.The Past Participle as Attribute
- •2.The Past Participle as Predicative (part of the compound nominal predicate)
- •3.The Past Participle as Part of the Compound Nominal Double Predicate
- •4.The Past Participle as Adverbial Modifier
- •4.1.The Past Participle as Adverbial Modifier of Time
- •4.2.The Past Participle as Adverbial Modifier of Reason
- •4.3.The Past Participle as Adverbial Modifier of Condition
- •4.4.The Past Participle as Adverbial Modifier of Concession
- •4.5.The Past Participle as Adverbial Modifier of Comparison
- •Predicative constructions with the participle
- •The objective participial construction
- •I saw the children speaking.
- •I found the door locked.
- •The subjective participial construction
- •Absolute constructions Nominative Absolute Participial Construction
- •Prepositional Absolute Participial Construction
- •Exercises
- •Self-correction exercises
- •1. Define the form of the participle in the following sentences:
- •2. Define the function of the participle in the following sentences:
- •3.Identify the predicative constructions with the infinitive, gerund and participle. Define their functions.
- •The pattern of a final test on the participle
- •1.Complete the following sentences using the predicative constructions with the Participle. Define their names and functions.
- •2. Copy out the Participles and define their functions.
- •3.Copy out the Participles and define their forms:
- •The pattern of a laboratory work on the non-finite forms of the verb
- •Insert the correct form of the non-finite forms of the verb, if possible.
- •Keys to the laboratory work on the non-finite forms of the verb
- •References
2. The Gerund as Part of the Compound Predicate.
The Gerund can be used as part of different types of predicates:
as Part of the Compound Nominal Predicate proper - (the Predicative);
as Part of a Compound Verbal Phasal Predicate
2.1. The Gerund as Part of the Compound Nominal Predicate (the Predicative)
2.1.1.
doing something |
is was |
doing something |
Seeing is believing.- 'Believing' is the gerund which is used in the function of a predicative.
2.1.2.
The main thing Somebody's wish job habit duty hobby etc. |
is (was) doing something |
His favourite pastime is knitting.- 'Knitting' is the gerund in the function of the predicative.
His favourite occupation is fishing.
The worst part was having to wait three hours in the rain.
David's hobby is collecting stamps.
What I like is reading books.
2.1.3.
to be (all) for / against to feel like (up to) |
doing something |
I don't feel like walking. - 'Walking' is the Gerund which is used in the function of the predicative.
I'm for saying nothing.
I'm all for giving people more freedom.
I feel like going for a swim. Do you want to come?
He was so rude I felt like slapping his stupid face.
He's not really up to seeing any visitors.
2.2. The gerund as Part of the Compound Verbal Phasal Predicate
2.2.1.
to stop to finish to give up to keep on to leave off (BE informal) to burst out |
doing something (only the gerund is used) |
It has stopped raining (snowing). - 'Raining' is the gerund which is used in the function of a part of the compound verbal phasal predicate.
Everyone in the room burst out laughing.
You just have to keep on trying.
I finished typing the report just minutes before it was due.
Why don't you give up smoking?
2.2.2.
to start to cease to commence (formal) to continue to begin |
doing something or to do something (no change in meaning) |
Then the baby started crying.
It's starting to rain.
I began teaching in 1984.
After waiting for half an hour she was beginning to get angry.
How can you continue to work / continue working with all that noise going on?
2.2.3.
to go on |
doing something (= to continue) |
crying coughing laughing talking |
to do something (= to do something different; to do something next) |
||
Go on talking. - 'Talking' is the gerund which is used in the function of a part of the compound verbal phasal predicate.
You can't go on working without a break.
Compare:
We went on to discuss finance (the same topic, but introducing a new aspect of it). - He went on working until he was 91. (continued)