- •Анотація
- •Передмова
- •Investments in ukraine
- •I. Reading
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Investments in ukraine
- •Vocabulary list
- •II. Vocabulary exercises
- •III. Oral practice
- •Dialogue
- •1. Read the dialogue and act it out:
- •2. Read the dialogue, translate the Ukrainian remarks into English and act it out:
- •А) Read the text and name the facts from the text which are new to you.
- •Read the text and say what you know about the foreign investment in Ukraine: іnvestments in ukraine
- •Unit 2 foreign investment
- •I. Reading
- •1. Read and translate the text: Foreign investment in Ukraine
- •Vocabulary list
- •II. Vocabulary exercises
- •III. Oral practice
- •Dialogue
- •1. Read the dialogue and act it out:
- •2. Read the dialogue, translate the Ukrainian remarks into English and act it out:
- •2. Make up a dialogue on the following:
- •Communicative situations
- •A) Supply the prepositions where necessary.
- •А) Read the text and name the facts from the text which are new to you.
- •Investment legislation
- •Read the text and say what you know about the foreign investment in Ukraine:
- •Investment Registration Procedure
- •Unit 3 licensing
- •I. Reading
- •1. Read and translate the text: Licensing Principles
- •Vocabulary list
- •II. Vocabulary exercises
- •III. Oral practice
- •Dialogue
- •1. Read the dialogue and act it out:
- •2. Read the dialogue, translate the Ukrainian remarks into English and act it out:
- •Make up a dialogue on the following:
- •1. Round-table discussion. The question on the agenda is “Licensing principles in Ukraine”. Open such questions:
- •2. Say what you think about supervision over the licenses process.
- •A) Supply the prepositions where necessary.
- •А) Read the text and name the facts from the text which are new to you.
- •Licensing of Intellectual Property Rights
- •Read the text and say what you know about licenses: Licenses and the Law
- •Unit 4 franchising
- •I. Reading
- •1. Read and translate the text: Franchising
- •Vocabulary list
- •II. Vocabulary exercises
- •III. Oral practice
- •Read the dialogue and act it out:
- •Read the dialogue, translate the Ukrainian remarks into English and act it out:
- •3. Make up a dialogue on the following:
- •A) Supply the prepositions where necessary.
- •А) Read the text and name the facts from the text which are new to you.
- •International management
- •I. Reading
- •1. Read the text:
- •International management
- •Vocabulary list
- •II. Vocabulary exercises
- •1. Study the following definitions. Make sure you understand them and can reproduce from memory:
- •2. Mach the words with their definitions:
- •Complete the following sentences with the words from the box. There are three extra words that you do not need
- •4. Find English equivalents to the following Ukrainian phrases:
- •5. Find words in the text that are synonyms to the following:
- •7. Read the text carefully and decide whether these statements are true or false. Reason it out. Make use of the following phrases:
- •8. Explain the meaning of the following phrases:
- •9. Translate into English:
- •10. Write several paragraphs on the topics suggested using the vocabulary. Make use of the following expressions:
- •11. Answer the following questions:
- •III. Oral practice
- •1. Imagine you are socializing with a specialist in the field of the international management. Put the next questions. Listen to his answers and try to analyze your own options. Work in pairs.
- •2. Imagine you have come to a local company that is doing business on an international level. Interview them about the opportunities and problems. Work in pairs.
- •1. A) Read and translate the following text.
- •The emergence of the global economy
- •2. Write down a brief phrase or single word to mean the same as each of the following words.
- •3. Read the text carefully and decide whether these statements are true or false. Reason it out.
- •4. A) Read and translate the text.
- •Business ethics
- •5. A) Read the text and make a complex plan of it. Multinational corporations
- •Unit 6 risk management
- •1. Read the text: risk management
- •Vocabulary list
- •II. Vocabulary exercises
- •1. Mach the words with their definitions:
- •3. Fill in the blanks:
- •4. Complete the following sentences:
- •5. Find English equivalents to the following Ukrainian phrases:
- •6. Working with a partner, fill in the other forms of the words in the chart:
- •7. Find words in the text opposite in meaning to the following:
- •8. Translate into English:
- •10. Answer the following questions:
- •III. Oral practice
- •2. Prepare a short talk on the following:
- •1. A) Read the text carefully. Fill in the blanks with the prepositions where necessary.
- •Business risk
- •Vocabulary
- •3. Write several paragraphs on the topics suggested using the vocabulary. Make use of the following expressions:
- •1. A) Read the text carefully.
- •Credit risk
- •2. Read the text carefully once more and decide whether these statements are true or false. Reason it out. Make use of the following phrases:
- •1. Read the text. Say whether the statements following the text are the true (t) or false (f). Risk analysis
- •1. Read and translate the dialogue in pairs where the characters make comments about the particular situation. Note down the expressions in Italics. Be ready to use them in your own dialogues.
- •2. Read the dialogue, translate the Ukrainian remarks into English and act it out:
- •3.Working in a small group, discuss the following statements, paraphrase them and comment on them. What do they mean? How do you feel about them?
- •I. Reading
- •1. Practice the pronunciation of the following words:
- •2. Read and translate the text: leasing. Types of leases
- •Vocabularry list
- •1. Read the dialog and sum up the content: leasing in ukraine
- •Vocabulary list
- •2. Read the dialogue, translate the Ukrainian remarks into English and act it out:
- •3. Make up a dialog on the following:
- •Communicative situations
- •Prepare a short talk on the following:
- •IV. Read and discuss
- •1. A) Read and sum up the text in several sentences and present your summary in class.
- •Taxes, theirs , and leases
- •2. A) Read the text and discuss what you know about leases in the usa.
- •Leases in the usa
- •3. A) Read the text and discuss what you know about leases in Ukraine.
- •The Ukraine is about to adopt the Convention on International Financial Leasing
- •The need for leasing in the Ukraine
- •The purpose of the Convention on International Financial Leasing
- •The reasons for national and international leasing
- •4. A) In order to get prepared for participation in class discussion, write a summary of the text.
- •What types of commercial lease is being offered?
- •Unit 8 the insurance market
- •I. Reading
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Insurance and risks
- •Vocabulary list
- •II. Vocabulary exercises
- •The insurance market in ukraine
- •Vocabulary list
- •2. Read the dialogue, translate the Ukrainian remarks into English and act it out:
- •3. Make up a dialog on the following:
- •Communicative situations
- •The origins of insurance
- •A) Read and discuss the text.
- •Single out the main facts from the text end present them in short summary.
- •Say what is more important for the development and improvement of Ukraine’s insurance market. The development of ukraine’s insurance market
- •3. A) Write down three-five questions about the text.
- •Lloyd’s of london
- •4. А) Sum up the text in several sentences and present your summary in class.
- •Discuss the services provided by the liability insurance. Overview of the liability insurance policy
- •4. A) Read the text to find answers to the following questions:
- •Workers’ compensation insurance
- •Unit 9 taxation
- •What are taxes?
- •Іі. Vocabulary exercises
- •Column a
- •Tax system in Ukraine
- •A. Dialogue
- •1. Read and translate the dialogue in pairs: Taxation in Ukraine
- •Vocabulary:
- •2. Read the dialogue, translate the Ukrainian remarks into English and act it out:
- •B. Communicative situations
- •4. Make a short essay on the following:
- •A) Supply the articles where necessary.
- •A) Supply prepositions where necessary.
- •What Is an Excise Duty?
- •Open the brackets putting the verbs in the correct form: Tax Reform in Developing Countries
- •Read the text below carefully and underline the parts of it giving basic ideas about the desired features of a tax system. Tax System Design
- •I. Mark the correct answers on the following questions:
- •II.Fill the tables:
- •III. Match what statements are true and what are false. Results write to the table:
- •Phraseology of reports and speeches coherent and generalization phrases
- •Phrases that are used in admission expressions
- •Nouns: common and possessive case
- •Some common noncount nouns
- •Using nouns as modifiers
- •The indefenite aricle
- •The definite article
- •No article
- •Personal pronouns
- •Possessive pronouns
- •Reflexive pronouns
- •Indefinite pronouns
- •Quantitive pronouns
- •Demonstrative pronouns
- •Degrees of comparison of adectives and adverbs
- •Numerals
- •The functions of the verb «to be»
- •The functions of the verb «to have»
- •The functions of the verb «to do»
- •General questions
- •Tag questions
- •Question words when
- •More questions with how
- •Modal verbs can; could to be able to
- •May; might
- •Must; be to; have to; have got to
- •Should; ought to
- •Will; would
- •Indefinite pronoun «one»
- •The pronouns «both, either and neither»
- •Senquence of tenses
- •The infinitive
- •The prepositional infinitive complex
- •The objective infinitivecomplex
- •The subjective infinitive complex
- •The participle
- •Complexes with the participle the objective participle complex
- •The subjective participle complex
- •The gerund. Forms and functions
- •The gerundal complex
- •Conditional sentenses
- •Irregular verbs
- •Glossary
- •Reference list
Unit 9 taxation
I. READING
Stress the first syllable:
revenue, salary, budgetary, payment, welfare, influence, personal, increase, property, domiciled, capital, mitigate, income, wages, annual, levy, double, resident.
Stress the second syllable:
taxation, compulsory, commodity, expenditure, authority, defence, completion, return, submit, prevent, impose, submit, appeal, assessments, withholding, evasion, avoidance, securities, increase.
Stress the third syllable:
liability, legislation, inequality.
4. Read the text:
What are taxes?
Taxes are the compulsory financial contribution by a person or body of persons towards the expenditure of a public authority. In modern economies taxes are the most important source of government revenues. Taxes on income (i.e. on wages, salaries, profits, dividends, rent and interest) and on capital are known as “direct” taxes. Taxes on commodities or services are known as “indirect’ taxes.
Taxes are considered to have three functions:
fiscal or budgetary, to cover government expenditure, to provide the public authorities with the revenue required for meeting the cost of defence, social services, interest payments on national debt, municipal services, etc;
economic, to give effect to economic policy, to promote stable economic growth, to influence the rate of economic growth of the nation;
social, to increase the economic welfare of the community, to lessen inequalities in the distribution of income and wealth.
Businesses and individuals are subjects to many forms of taxes. The various forms of business organization are not taxed equally. The tax situation is simplest for proprietorships and most partnerships; corporations or companies are treated differently.
In the United States of America nearly all of the federal government’s revenues come from taxes. By far the most important source of tax revenue is the personal income tax. Gross receipts from corporate income taxes yield a far smaller percentage of total federal receipts. Individual states levy their own taxes. As a result, for example, the profits of a corporation are liable to federal and sometimes state corporate income taxes. This often imposes a double tax burden. When the after-tax income is paid out to stock-holders as dividends, it is then taxed again as personal income.
In the United Kingdom there is no single code of tax law, the body of tax legislation being increased by each year’s Finance Act1.
The United Kingdom operates a “schedular” system2, where’by taxable income from different sources is calculated and taxed under the rules of a particular “schedule”.
Tax assessments are normally based on returns by the Board of Inland Revenue (referred to simply as “Inland Revenue”) for completion by the taxpayer. While companies may receive tax return, they normally submit instead a copy of their annual accounts together with a computation of taxable profits.
The United Kingdom does not yet operate a system of self-assessments for tax on income and capital gains, but it is being introduces at the moment.
Under Ukrainian law, all Ukrainian legal entities, whether they have foreign investment or not, are subject to the profit tax law. Foreign entities that have a taxable permanent establishment in Ukraine are also taxed under this law.
Ukrainian taxes provide revenue for two tiers of the budget: national and local. The major taxes paid to the budget are: tax on income, tax on wages, profit tax, excise duty, state duty, value added tax (VAT) and others.
In Ukrainian government tries to create the climate in which business can thrive, to keep the tax burden as low as possible. It also attempts to eliminate tax allowances, which deprive the budget of tax revenues, and to improve tax collection.
Tax returns in Ukrainian legal entities are audited by the tax authorities at the time they are submitted.
If the company or a person assessed believes the assessment is incorrect in any way, an appeal may be lodged against it. The appropriate financial organ is required by law to reply to such an appeal within five days.
When a company resident in one country receives income or gains from source in another, or when shareholders and company are domiciled in different countries it is possible that incomes arising will be taxable in each country, i.e. taxed twice.
A number of countries have problems because of significant taxpayer non-compliance.
Along with cases of illegal evasion of tax obligations there are entirely legal ways of avoidance by which a person may so arrange his affairs as to minimize, or even eliminate, tax liability on his property and income.
NOTES:
1the body of tax legislation being increased by each year’s Finance Act – причому податкове законодавство розширюється за рахунок нових податків, що вводяться щорічно при прийнятті фінансового акту.
2The United Kingdom operates a “scheduler” system…– У Великобританії існує система „шедул”...
Vocabulary list
1.
taxation – оподаткування
compulsory - обов’язковий, примусовий
interest payments – процентні платежі
to give effect (to) - здійснювати, приводити у виконання, втілювати в життя
welfare of the community – добробут суспільства
receipts – сума, надходження
yield – приносити, давати (дохід)
inequality of incomes – нерівність доходів
treat - звертатись, обходитися
levy - обкладати податком
impose - обкладати (податками, мито), накладати
double tax burden - тягар подвійного оподаткування
after-tax income - прибуток після утримання (за відрахуванням) податку
code – кодекс
tax law – податкове законодавство
body of tax legislation – зміст податкового законодавства
where’by – шляхом чого, за допомогою чого
stock-holder - акціонер, утримувач акцій
tax assessments – встановлення податкових ставок
return - податкова декларація
Board of Inland Revenue (“Inland Revenue”) - Податкова служба Великобританії
to issue a return – видавати податкову декларацію
to complete s return – заповнювати податкову декларацію
submit – представляти
annual accounts – річний звіт
computation – розрахунок
taxable profit – прибуток, що обкладається податком
system of self-assessment - система, при якій розмір прибутку, що оподатковується, визначається самим платником
capital gains - прибуток від приросту капіталу
foreign investment – іноземні капіталовкладення
taxable payment establishment – підприємство, що постійно працює і сплачує податки
tier - рівень, ярус
audit - піддаватися аудиторській перевірці
tax authorities – податкові органи
to lodge an appeal - подавати апеляційну скаргу
resident - той, хто постійно проживає в країні
domicile - поселитися на постійне місце проживання
seek (sought) - шукати, прагнути
mitigate - пом’якшувати, зменшувати
double tax treaty - договір про запобігання подвійного оподаткування
arrangements - засоби
prevent - перешкоджати, попереджувати, заважати
evasion of tax obligations - відхилення від податкових обов’язків
avoidance - відхилення
tax liability - обов’язки по виплаті податків
2.
Study the special terms in taxation:
tax on income – податок на прибуток, прибутковий податок
tax on wages – податок на заробітну плату
tax on salary – податок на жалування службовцям
tax on profits – податок на прибуток
tax on dividends – податок на дивіденди
tax on rent – податок на рентні платежі
tax on interest – податок на відсотковий прибуток
tax on capital – податок на капітал
corporate income tax – податок на корпоративний прибуток
tax assessments – встановлення податкових ставок, визначення розміру прибутку, що обкладається податком
system of self-assessment – система, при якій розмір прибутку, що оподатковується, визначається самим платником
value-added tax (VAT) – податок на додану вартість
securities tax – податок на цінні папери
withholding tax – податок із суми дивідендів