Complexes with the participle the objective participle complex

is used with the verbs denoting

1. sense perceptions:

to see

to hear

to feel

to watch

to observe

to notice

I saw her walking along the street.

We heard him speaking in the next room.

She felt her hand trembling.

I watched the children playing in the garden.

The teacher observed the students writing compositions.

2. wish and mental activity

to want

to wish

to find

to leave

I want the letter posted at once.

I wish your dreams realized.

When I returned I found her gone.

He left his work unfinished.

to have

to get

She had her dress made here.

I must have my hair cut.

He will have his coat cleaned.

She must have her hair done.

Have you got your car repaired?

is used with the verbs denoting sense perceptions:

to see

to hear

to watch

to notice

to consider

She was seen walking along the street.

Two people were heard quarrelling.

They were watched playing in the garden.

He was noticed entering the office.

The work was considered finished.

The rain having stopped, we went home.

The day being fine, she went for a walk.

Time permitting, we’ll go to the forest.

In this complex Participle has its own subject expressed by a noun in the Common Case or a personal pronoun in the Nominative case.

Functions

Examples

Complex Subject (The Subjective Participle complex)

They were heard speaking in a lively manner.

He was seen surrounded by a group of students.

He was noticed entering the library.

Complex Object (The Objective Participle complex)

I saw the workers packing the goods.

They watched the car being repaired.

They want the goods shipped on Monday.

Attribute

The cars being produced at our plant are very good.

Adverbial Modifier

Walking in the park, he met his old friend.

The Absolute participle complex

The letter being written, I went to post it.

He being tired, I decided not to disturb him.

Gerund

Active

Passive

Uses

Indefinite

reading

being read

The action expressed by the gerund:

a)

She likes reading.

She likes being read.

Perfect

having read

having been read

Thank you for having helped me.

I remember having been asked this question.

Functions

Examples

Subject

Reading books is useful.

Smoking is harmful.

Reading love stories made her cry.

Predicative

His hobby is collecting stamps.

The main thing is getting there in time.

Seeing is believing.

Part of a Compound Verbal Predicate

She went on reading.

She stopped smoking.

Direct Object

I couldn’t avoid speaking to her.

The film is worth seeing.

I don’t mind waiting.

Prepositional Object

I am fond of reading.

He insisted on doing the work himself.

I don’t like his habit of making people wait.

Attribute

All liked the idea of going to the country.

I have no intention of discussing this question.

There are different ways of solving this problem.

Adverbial Modifier

On entering the room he came up to me.

He left the room without saying a word.

Excuse me for being so late.