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The infinitive

Infinitive

Active voice

Passive voice

Uses

Indefinite

to write

to come

to be written

He wants to write her about it.

He wants to be written about it.

Continuous

to be writing

to be coming

He may be writing a new novel

Perfect

to have written

to have come

to have been written

I am glad to have written her about it.

I was surprised to have been written about it.

Perfect Continuous

to have been writing

to have been coming

He is said to have been writing this novel for 2 years already.

Functions

Examples

Subject

To know him is to trust him.

It is difficult to translate this text.

Predicative

Our aim is to master English.

What I want is to be left alone.

Part of a Compound Verbal Predicate

We must stay at home.

We decided to work together.

Object

He asked me to wait.

He promised to come in time.

Attribute

He is always the first to come.

The article to be translated is on the table.

Adverbial Modifier

I have come here to help you.

The problem is too complicated to be solved at once.

The prepositional infinitive complex

Subject

It is easy for you to say that.

For him to help his friends is quite natural.

Predicative

The question is for you to decide.

The best thing is for you to move to the South.

Object

I waited for him to speak.

Attribute

This is the book for you to read.

Adverbial modifier or purpose

He opened the doors of the car for us to get in.

I’ve brought two books for my son to read.

Adverbial modifier of result

The weather was too cold for the children to go out.

It was too dark for her to see him.

The objective infinitivecomplex

is used after the verbs denoting

  1. perceptions of senses*:

to see

to hear

to feel

to watch

to observe

to notice

I saw him get off the bus.

Did you hear her sing?

She felt her voice tremble.

I watch her enter the shop.

We observe the direction constantly change.

Nobody noticed him come in.

  1. wish, intention, emotions:

to want

to wish

to like

to dislike

to hate

to intend

should/would like

I want you to help me.

He wished the work to be done at once.

He likes dinner to be in time.

I dislike you to say such words.

I hate you to talk like that.

He intended me to go with him.

I should like you to say here.

  1. mental activity:

to consider

to believe

to think

to find

to know

to expect

to suppose

I consider him to be right.

I believe her to be a good teacher.

We thought him to be sleeping.

We find this value to be accurate enough.

I know him to have said that.

We expected her to return.

I suppose him to be about fifty.

d) order, request, permission, advice, compulsion:

to order

to ask

to request

to allow

to advise

to recommend

to cause

to force

get

to make*

to let*

He ordered the children to stop talking.

I asked Tom to help me.

He requested the matter to be kept secret.

She doesn’t allow anyone to smoke.

She advised me to tell the police about it.

I wouldn’t recommend you to stay here.

Her laziness caused her to fail.

He forced me to go there.

I got him to repair my car.

What makes you think so?

Let me go.

*The verbs to make, to let and the verbs of physical perception are followed by the infinitive without «to».

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