- •1. Write about the dominant synonym and give examples.
- •2. Systematize the problems of lexicography and contrast your point.
- •3. Define about monosemy and polysemy, give examples.
- •4. Write about conversion and suggest the parts of speech especially affected by conversion.
- •5. Evaluate the problems of terms.
- •6. Define the main functions of synonyms and its classification types.
- •7. Contrast the types of formal vocabulary.
- •8. Write about compound words and their main types.
- •9. Evaluate the functions of phraseological units and thematic classification
- •10. Compare the emotionally neutral and emotionally coloured types of English vocabulary grouping.
- •11. Define the types of dictionaries.
- •12. Compare the synonyms and antonyms.
- •13. From the denotational point of view the meaning of the words can be changed into generalization and specialization of words. Give their definitions and examples to them.
- •14. State out the types of Homonyms.
- •15. Give the main causes of borrowings and comment of them.
- •16. Speak about the types of antonyms. Illustrate with examples.
- •17. Contrast the difference between slang and colloquialisms. Give examples.
- •18. Formulate the definition of phraseological units and its functions.
- •19. Define about the context and its types.
- •20. Give the functions of phraseological units and semantic classification.
- •21. Give your points of view on the differences of phraseological units and proverbs. Give examples.
- •22. Define the types of phraseological units from the structural point of view.
- •23. Define the types of phraseological units from the funcional point of view.
- •24. Define the types of phraseological units from the syntactical point of view.
- •25. Evaluate the basic featuers of formal and informal vocabulary. What differentiates them?
- •26. Compare general and special types of dictionarities and give their differences.
- •27. Point out primary and secondary ways of formation of phraseological units.
- •28. Give the common criteria distinguishing free word combinations and phraseological units.
- •29. Write about non-semantic grouping of English vocabulary and its types.
- •30. Write about lexico-grammatical grouping of English vocabulary and its types.
- •31. Write about emotionally neutral and emotionally coloured grouping of English vocabulary and its types.
- •32. Write about stylistically neutral and stylistically coloured grouping of English vocabulary and its types.
- •1) Formal vocabulary (learned words, fiction, poetry).
- •2) Informal vocabulary (slang, dialect words, colloquial words)
- •33. Give characteristic features of etymology of English words.
- •34. Compare and contrast informal types of words and their classification
- •35. Compare and contrast formal types of words and their classification.
- •36. Define the sources of homonyms and general classification of homonyms.
- •37. Define the sources of antonyms and their classification.
- •38. Define the sources of synonyms and their classification from the connotational point of view.
- •39. Give the difference between neutral and coloured or marked vocabulary.
- •40. Comment on context and types if context.
- •41. Speak on the causes and nature of semantic change.
- •42. Speak on the results of semantic change from the denotational and connotational points of view.
- •43. Say the characteristic features of dominant synonyms and examples.
- •44. Define the types of compound words.
- •45. Find out the reason of borrowings and assimilation of borrowings.
- •46. Consider on semantic field and give examples.
- •47. Speak on the minor types of word-formation.
- •48. Speak on the major types of word-formation.
- •1. Semantic classification
- •Origin of prefixes:
- •49. Formulate the difference of formal and informal vocabulary.
- •50. Analyze the types of slang and compare with jargons.
- •51. Classify the colloquial words according to their importance.
- •52. Show the functions of idioms and proverbs.
- •53. Explain the basic problems of lexicography according to their importance.
- •54. Give the aims and objectives of phraseological units.
- •55. Give the correct definition of context and its types.
- •56. Point out the criteria distinguishing major types of word formation.
- •1. Semantic classification
- •Origin of prefixes:
- •57. Point out the criteria distinguishing minor types of word formation.
- •58. Speak on the native suffixes and illustrate with examples.
- •59. Give the difference between productive and non-productive affixes.
- •60. State out the main functions of suffixes and their classification types.
- •61. State out the main functions of prefixes and their classification types.
- •1. Semantic classification
- •2. Origin of prefixes:
- •62. Compare and contrast the neutral and morphological compounds.
- •63. Compare and contrast syntactic and idiomatic compounds.
- •64. Give your points of view on acronomys and ellipses.
- •65. Write at out non-semantic grouping and their types. 29) suraktyn jauabymen birdie
- •66. Express your attitude on the morphological grouping and its types.
- •73. Give the definition of professional terminology.
- •100. Give the correct definition of the term dictionary.
- •105. Give the characteristic features of learner’s dictionaries.
- •106. Define the basic problems of dictionary compiling. 2) suraktyn jauaby
- •107. Speak on three ways in which the word meanings are arranged in a dictionary.
- •108. Speak on the meanings on the words which are defined by means of four definitions.
- •109. Write about words of general use, literary layer of the vocabulary, neutral words.
- •110. Write about the classification of vocabulary according to form, give examples. 36) suraktyn jauaby. Homonyms is classification of vocabulary acc to form
- •111. Write about the classification of vocabulary according to meaning, give examples. 12) suraktyn jauaby
- •112. Give the difference between paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations of words.
- •113. List the problems of Lexicology and express your attitude.
- •114. Give the difference between free word combinations and phraseological units.
- •115. Give the difference between British and American English.
- •122. Write about graphical, initial, middle abbrevations.
- •123. Define the formation ways of conversion and give examples. 4) suraktyn jauaby
- •124. Define the formation ways of compound words and give examples. 8) suraktyn jauaby
- •125. Define the formation ways of shortenings and give examples.
- •126. Define the formation ways of affixation and give examples. 56) surakta bar
- •127. Write about external and internal ways of vocabulary development.
- •128. Give the characteristic features of dominant synonyms and illustrate with examples. 43) suraktyn jauaby
- •129. Formulate the aims and principles of contrastive analysis.
- •130. Speak on the etymology of English words. 33) suraktyn jauaby
- •131. Speak on the reasons of appering contrastive methods.
- •132. Speak on the reasons of borrowings and evaluate each of them. 15) suraktyn jauaby
- •133. Give the disadvantages of giving word for word translation of lexical items.
- •134. Give the difference between notional and functional words.
- •135. Give the definition of word-family and illustrate with examples.
- •136. Give a brief account of the main characteristics of a word.
- •144. Give examples of your own to show that affixes have meanings.
- •145. Write about interrelationship between the meaning of a compound word and the meanings of its constituent parts.
- •150. Give the distinctive features of the traditional classification of homonyms, give examples. 14) suraktyn jauaby
22. Define the types of phraseological units from the structural point of view.
The structural classification of phraseological units suggested by A.I.Smirnitsky.
He classified two types. He offered a classification system for English phraseoogical units which is interesting as an attempt to combine the structural and the semantic principles. Here phraseological units are grouped according to the number and semantic significance of their constituent parts.
1) One-top or one-summit. Among one-top he pointed out three structural types;
a) units of the type (verb+postposition type) or verbal-adverbial units. They are equivalent to verbs in which the semantic and the grammatical centres coincide in the first constituent
b) units of the type “to be tired” or units equivalent to verbs which have their grammatical centre in the first constituent but their semantic centre in the second. Some of the units remind the Passive voice in their structure but they have different prepositions with them, while in the Passive voice we can have only prepositions “by or with”
c) prepositional-substantive units either to adverbs or to copulas and having their semantic centre in the substantive constituent and no grammatical centre
One-summit units, which have one meaningful constituents.
2) Two-top or two-summit, multi-summit which have two or more meaningful constituents. They are classified into:
a) attributive-substantive or attributive-nominal equivalent to nouns (black art);
b) verbal-substantive or verb-nominal equivalent to verbs (to take the floor);
c) phrasalogical repetitions equivalent to adverbs (now or never, ups and down, back and forth, cakes and ale, as busy as a bee); such units can be built on antonyms, components in repetitions are joined by means of conjunctions. These units are equivalent of adverbs or adjectives and have no grammar centre. They can also be partly or perfectly idiomatic. F: cool as a cucumber (partly), bread and butter (perfectly)
d) adverbial (every other day)
23. Define the types of phraseological units from the funcional point of view.
Classication of phraseological units according to their functions suggested by A.V.Koonin.
1) nominative phraseological units are represented by word-groups, including the ones with one meaningful word and coordinative phrases of the type wear and tear, well and good. This class also oncludes word-groups with a predicative structure as the crow flies, predicative phrases as see how the land lies, ships that pass in the night
2) nominative-communicative phraseological units include word-groups of the type to break the ice –the ice is broken, that is, verbal word-groups which are transformed into a sentence when verb is used in the Passive voice.
3) interjectional phraseological units, phraseological units which are neither nominative nor communicative.
4) communicative phraseological units are represented by proverbs and sayings.
24. Define the types of phraseological units from the syntactical point of view.
The syntactical classification of phraseological units suggested by I.V.Arnold.
The syntactical principle of classifying phraseological units is based on their ability to perform the same syntactical functions as words.
1) noun phraseological units denoting an object, a person, a living being
2) verb phraseological units denoting an action, a state, a feeling
3) adjective phraseological units denoting a quality
4) adverb phraseological units
5) preposition phraseological units
6) interjection phraseological uints
In I.V.Arnold’s classification there are also sentence equivalents, proverbs, sayings and quotations.