- •1. Write about the dominant synonym and give examples.
- •2. Systematize the problems of lexicography and contrast your point.
- •3. Define about monosemy and polysemy, give examples.
- •4. Write about conversion and suggest the parts of speech especially affected by conversion.
- •5. Evaluate the problems of terms.
- •6. Define the main functions of synonyms and its classification types.
- •7. Contrast the types of formal vocabulary.
- •8. Write about compound words and their main types.
- •9. Evaluate the functions of phraseological units and thematic classification
- •10. Compare the emotionally neutral and emotionally coloured types of English vocabulary grouping.
- •11. Define the types of dictionaries.
- •12. Compare the synonyms and antonyms.
- •13. From the denotational point of view the meaning of the words can be changed into generalization and specialization of words. Give their definitions and examples to them.
- •14. State out the types of Homonyms.
- •15. Give the main causes of borrowings and comment of them.
- •16. Speak about the types of antonyms. Illustrate with examples.
- •17. Contrast the difference between slang and colloquialisms. Give examples.
- •18. Formulate the definition of phraseological units and its functions.
- •19. Define about the context and its types.
- •20. Give the functions of phraseological units and semantic classification.
- •21. Give your points of view on the differences of phraseological units and proverbs. Give examples.
- •22. Define the types of phraseological units from the structural point of view.
- •23. Define the types of phraseological units from the funcional point of view.
- •24. Define the types of phraseological units from the syntactical point of view.
- •25. Evaluate the basic featuers of formal and informal vocabulary. What differentiates them?
- •26. Compare general and special types of dictionarities and give their differences.
- •27. Point out primary and secondary ways of formation of phraseological units.
- •28. Give the common criteria distinguishing free word combinations and phraseological units.
- •29. Write about non-semantic grouping of English vocabulary and its types.
- •30. Write about lexico-grammatical grouping of English vocabulary and its types.
- •31. Write about emotionally neutral and emotionally coloured grouping of English vocabulary and its types.
- •32. Write about stylistically neutral and stylistically coloured grouping of English vocabulary and its types.
- •1) Formal vocabulary (learned words, fiction, poetry).
- •2) Informal vocabulary (slang, dialect words, colloquial words)
- •33. Give characteristic features of etymology of English words.
- •34. Compare and contrast informal types of words and their classification
- •35. Compare and contrast formal types of words and their classification.
- •36. Define the sources of homonyms and general classification of homonyms.
- •37. Define the sources of antonyms and their classification.
- •38. Define the sources of synonyms and their classification from the connotational point of view.
- •39. Give the difference between neutral and coloured or marked vocabulary.
- •40. Comment on context and types if context.
- •41. Speak on the causes and nature of semantic change.
- •42. Speak on the results of semantic change from the denotational and connotational points of view.
- •43. Say the characteristic features of dominant synonyms and examples.
- •44. Define the types of compound words.
- •45. Find out the reason of borrowings and assimilation of borrowings.
- •46. Consider on semantic field and give examples.
- •47. Speak on the minor types of word-formation.
- •48. Speak on the major types of word-formation.
- •1. Semantic classification
- •Origin of prefixes:
- •49. Formulate the difference of formal and informal vocabulary.
- •50. Analyze the types of slang and compare with jargons.
- •51. Classify the colloquial words according to their importance.
- •52. Show the functions of idioms and proverbs.
- •53. Explain the basic problems of lexicography according to their importance.
- •54. Give the aims and objectives of phraseological units.
- •55. Give the correct definition of context and its types.
- •56. Point out the criteria distinguishing major types of word formation.
- •1. Semantic classification
- •Origin of prefixes:
- •57. Point out the criteria distinguishing minor types of word formation.
- •58. Speak on the native suffixes and illustrate with examples.
- •59. Give the difference between productive and non-productive affixes.
- •60. State out the main functions of suffixes and their classification types.
- •61. State out the main functions of prefixes and their classification types.
- •1. Semantic classification
- •2. Origin of prefixes:
- •62. Compare and contrast the neutral and morphological compounds.
- •63. Compare and contrast syntactic and idiomatic compounds.
- •64. Give your points of view on acronomys and ellipses.
- •65. Write at out non-semantic grouping and their types. 29) suraktyn jauabymen birdie
- •66. Express your attitude on the morphological grouping and its types.
- •73. Give the definition of professional terminology.
- •100. Give the correct definition of the term dictionary.
- •105. Give the characteristic features of learner’s dictionaries.
- •106. Define the basic problems of dictionary compiling. 2) suraktyn jauaby
- •107. Speak on three ways in which the word meanings are arranged in a dictionary.
- •108. Speak on the meanings on the words which are defined by means of four definitions.
- •109. Write about words of general use, literary layer of the vocabulary, neutral words.
- •110. Write about the classification of vocabulary according to form, give examples. 36) suraktyn jauaby. Homonyms is classification of vocabulary acc to form
- •111. Write about the classification of vocabulary according to meaning, give examples. 12) suraktyn jauaby
- •112. Give the difference between paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations of words.
- •113. List the problems of Lexicology and express your attitude.
- •114. Give the difference between free word combinations and phraseological units.
- •115. Give the difference between British and American English.
- •122. Write about graphical, initial, middle abbrevations.
- •123. Define the formation ways of conversion and give examples. 4) suraktyn jauaby
- •124. Define the formation ways of compound words and give examples. 8) suraktyn jauaby
- •125. Define the formation ways of shortenings and give examples.
- •126. Define the formation ways of affixation and give examples. 56) surakta bar
- •127. Write about external and internal ways of vocabulary development.
- •128. Give the characteristic features of dominant synonyms and illustrate with examples. 43) suraktyn jauaby
- •129. Formulate the aims and principles of contrastive analysis.
- •130. Speak on the etymology of English words. 33) suraktyn jauaby
- •131. Speak on the reasons of appering contrastive methods.
- •132. Speak on the reasons of borrowings and evaluate each of them. 15) suraktyn jauaby
- •133. Give the disadvantages of giving word for word translation of lexical items.
- •134. Give the difference between notional and functional words.
- •135. Give the definition of word-family and illustrate with examples.
- •136. Give a brief account of the main characteristics of a word.
- •144. Give examples of your own to show that affixes have meanings.
- •145. Write about interrelationship between the meaning of a compound word and the meanings of its constituent parts.
- •150. Give the distinctive features of the traditional classification of homonyms, give examples. 14) suraktyn jauaby
20. Give the functions of phraseological units and semantic classification.
Sometimes people also confuse proverbs as phraseological units. But they are different. If one compares proverbs and phraseological units in the semantic aspect, proverbs sum up the collective experience of the community, for example they moralize, give advice, give warning, criticize, admonish. No phraseological unit ever does any of these things. They do not stand for whole statements as proverbs do but for a single concept. The function of phraseological units in speech is purely nominative (they denote an object, an act, etc.), the function of proverbs in speech is communicative (they impart certain information). Professor A.V.Koonin includes proverbs in his classification and calls them communicative phraseological units. From this point of view one of the main criteria of a phraseological unit is its stability. If the quotient of phraseological stability in a word-group is not below the minimum. It means that we are dealing with a phraseological unit. That is why we may say that there does not seem to exist any rigid or permanent borderline between proverbs and phraseological units as the latter rather frequently originate from the former.
The semantic classification of phraseological units suggested by V.V.Vinogradov.
Academician Vinogradov classifies phraseological units which was based on the semantic principle and it is considered by some linguists of today to be outdated, because it was the first classification system. Here phraseological units can be classified according to the degree of motivation of their meaning. He pointed out three types.
1) Fusions where the degree of motivation is very low, we cannot guess the meaning of the whole from the meanings of its components, they are highly idiomatic and cannot be translated word for word into other languages. These are word-groups with a completely changed meaning, but in contrast to the unities they are demotivated, that is, their meaning cannot be deduced from the meanings of the constituent parts.
2) Unities where the meaning of the whole can be guessed from the meanings of its components, but it is transferred (metaphorical or metonymical). These are word-groups with a completely changed meaning, that is, the meaning of the unit does not correspond to the meaning of its constituent parts. They are motivated units or putting it in another way, the meaning of the whole unit can be deduced from the meanings of the constituent parts.
3) Collocations or phraseological combinations where words are combined in their original meaning but their combinations are different in different languages. These are word-groups with a partially changed meaning. They may be said to be clearly motivated, that is, the meaning of the unit can be easily deduced from the meanings of its constituents. This group contains one component used in its direct meaning, while the other is used metaphorically.
21. Give your points of view on the differences of phraseological units and proverbs. Give examples.
Sometimes people also confuse proverbs as phraseological units. But they are different. If one compares proverbs and phraseological units in the semantic aspect, proverbs sum up the collective experience of the community, for example they moralize, give advice, give warning, criticize, admonish. No phraseological unit ever does any of these things. They do not stand for whole statements as proverbs do but for a single concept. The function of phraseological units in speech is purely nominative (they denote an object, an act, etc.), the function of proverbs in speech is communicative (they impart certain information). Professor A.V.Koonin includes proverbs in his classification and calls them communicative phraseological units. From this point of view one of the main criteria of a phraseological unit is its stability. If the quotient of phraseological stability in a word-group is not below the minimum. It means that we are dealing with a phraseological unit. That is why we may say that there does not seem to exist any rigid or permanent borderline between proverbs and phraseological units as the latter rather frequently originate from the former.
A proverb is a short familiar epigrammatic saying expressing popular wisdom, a truth or a moral lesson in a concise and imaginative way. Proverbs have much in common with set expressions, because their lexical components are also constant, their meaning is traditional and mostly figurative, and they are introduced into speech ready-made.