Reading and developing speaking skills

Ex. 4. Read VOCABULARY once more and memorize new words.

Ex. 5. Compose 2-3 sentences using the words of the VOCABULARY.

Ex. 6. Insert the missing letters:

Sever_ty; oc_urrence; sput_m; chi_l; constri_tion; comm_nity-acquired; ai_ment; sam_le; sorene_s; asp_ration; infl_me; feve_.

Ex. 7. Translate the following words and word-combinations into Ukrainian:

Hasten; distortion; aspiration; flu; mucous membrane; air passageways; ailment; spread; deep cough; soreness; chill; fever; drinking extra liquids; damp environment; community-acquired pneumonia; aspiration pneumonia; to detect distortion; a sample of patient’s sputum; severity.

Ex. 8. Read the following words and word-combinations:

Virus; bronchitis; tuberculosis; virtually; cough; breathlessness; recovery; trachea; occurrence; susceptible; acquired; bloody sputum; identify; severity.

Ex. 9. Read the following text:

Respiratory disorders

If bacteria, viruses, or fungi enter the lungs and become established there, they can cause several diseases, classifying from common illnesses such as cold and flu to more serious illnesses such as pneumonia, bronchitis, and tuberculosis.

Bronchitis. When the mucous membranes that line the main air passageways of the lungs become inflamed, the condition is called bronchitis. Virtually everyone has bronchitis at some time.

In most cases, this ailment is the result of viral infections similar to those that cause the cold. The infection spreads to the bronchi, producing the deep cough that, in turn, tends to bring up the yellowish gray sputum from the lungs. The other symptoms are soreness and feeling of constriction in the chest, breathlessness, chill, and slight fever.

Because bronchitis most commonly is the result of a viral infection, the physician probably will be able to do relatively little to hasten the recovery. Rest, drinking extra liquids, and cough medicine are the cornerstones of treatment of bronchitis. The person must avoid other irritants to the airways, such as tobacco smoke. The person must remember that the act of coughing also is irritating to the trachea and bronchi.

If a person has repeated attacks of bronchitis, he/she may be able to trace the occurrence of the conditions in which he/she lives. Cold, damp environments combined with excessive air pollution can make a person more susceptible to bronchitis.

Pneumonia. Pneumonia is an inflammation of the tissues of the lungs. There are many different kinds of pneumonia. The major subtypes are community-acquired pneumonia, hospital-acquired pneumonia, and aspiration pneumonia. The causes of pneumonia are different. Among them are bacteria; influenza and other viruses; and chemical irritants.

The symptoms vary depending on the kind of pneumonia. Cough that produces bloody sputum, breathlessness, pain in the chest, chill, high fever are the major signs and symptoms of pneumonia.

The physician will listen to the chest to detect distortions in the breathing that suggest the presence of the infection. Chest X-rays also may be obtained to identify the location and extent of the infection. A sample of patient's sputum may be tested to identify the infecting agent. Blood test may also be conducted.

The treatment depends on the cause and severity of the patient's symptoms. It may include some antibiotics. Hospitalization may be necessary in severe cases.

Ex. 10. Translate the following words and word-combinations into English:

Озноб; мокротиння; мазок; позалікарняний; виводити; відхилення; біль, болісність; захворювання, недуга; запалюватися; наявність; слідкувати; стиснення; жар, лихоманка, підвищена температура; вологість; слизова оболонка; бронхіт; запалення легенів; задишка.

Ex. 11. Translate the text “Respiratory Disorders” into Ukrainian.

Ex. 12. Insert the missing words:

1. Pneumonia is an inflammation of the tissues of the _. 2. There are many different _ of pneumonia. 3. The major subtypes of pneumonia are _ pneumonia, hospital-acquired pneumonia, and aspiration pneumonia. 4. The physician will listen to the chest to detect _ in the breathing that suggest the presence of the infection. 5. A _ of patient's sputum may be tested to identify the infecting agent. 6. The treatment depends on the cause and _ of the patient's symptoms. 7. When the mucous membranes that line the main air passageways of the lungs become _, the condition is called bronchitis. 8. In most cases, this _ is the result of viral infections similar to those that cause the cold. 9. The infection spreads to the bronchi, producing the deep cough that, in turn, tends to _ up the yellowish gray sputum from the lungs. 12. The other symptoms are soreness and feeling of constriction in the chest, breathlessness, _ , and slight fever.

Ex. 13. Combine corresponding parts into sentences, paying attention to the meaning of the sentences:

1. Acute bronchitis is usually caused by viruses or bacteria and _. 2. Acute bronchitis is characterized by cough and sputum (phlegm) production and symptoms related to the obstruction of the airways by the inflamed airways and the phlegm, such as _. 3. _ will often reveal decreased intensity of breath sounds, wheeze and prolonged expiration. 4. To treat acute bronchitis that appears to be caused by a bacterial infection, or as a precaution, _. 5. The fever, fatigue, and malaise may last only a few days, _.

A. a physical examination B. shortness of breath and wheezing; C. antibiotics may be given; D. may last several days or weeks; E. but the wet cough may last up to several weeks.

Ex. 14. Answer the following questions:

1. What infections of the respiratory tract do you know? 2. What is bronchitis? 3. What is the cause of bronchitis? 4. What are the signs of bronchitis? 5. What is the treatment for bronchitis? 6. What is pneumonia? 7. What subtypes of pneumonia do you know? 8. What is the cause of pneumonia? 9. What are the symptoms of pneumonia? 10. What tests may help to determine pneumonia? 11. What does the treatment of pneumonia include?

Ex. 15. Insert the prepositions:

A respiratory infection such as that caused _ the influenza virus or bacterium may cause bronchioles (small airways in the lungs) to become inflamed and to secrete an excessive amount _ mucus. Bronchiolitis is common, especially during the winter, _ children younger 2 years, but it can occur in young adults under special circumstances. It usually is caused by a viral infection, often contracted _ someone in the infant’s household. In infants or families with a history _allergies or _ infants with recurring bronchiolitis, and allergic reaction may be the cause of the respiratory disorders.

Ex. 16. Write out key words of the text “Respiratory Disorders”.

Ex. 17. Make up a plan of the text “Respiratory Disorders”.

Ex. 18. Speak on the respiratory disorders.

Ex. 19. Make up a dialogue on respiratory disorders.

Ex. 20. Pronounce and memorize the words to the theme studied:

Mucoid| мукоїд; мукоїдный|, слизоподібний; râles| хрипи|хрипіння|; subside| затихати, стихати|вщухати|, утихати|вщухати,затихати|; purulent| гнійний; encounter| зустріти(ся|ся|); coarse| жорсткий (про хрипи|хрипіння|); persistent| стійкий.

Ex. 21. Read the text in paragraphs. Define the main subject of each paragraph: