Reading and developing speaking skills

Ex. 2. Read VOCABULARY and memorize the following words.

Ex. 3. Compose 2-3- sentences using the words of VOCABULARY.

Ex. 4. Insert the missing letters and translate the following words:

Ra_h; m_asles; blotc_y; tin_; s_ot; ac_ompany; _ontagious; persi_tent.

Ex. 5. Translate the following words and word-combinations into Ukrainian:

Incomplete; rubella; rubeola; spike; rid; fade; address; benefit; case; cause; illness; spread; include; dry cough; inflamed eyes; sensitivity; bluish-white; lining of the cheek; spot.

Ex. 6. Read the following words and word-combinations:

Measles; respiratory; contagious; occur; rubella; exposure; virus; tiny; light; cough; sign; hairline; itchy; finally; vaccination; weaken; receive; severe; over-the-counter; isolation; nonimmunized.

Ex. 7. Read the following text:

Measles

Measles is primarily a respiratory infection caused by a highly contagious virus found all over the world. Also called rubeola, measles can be serious and even fatal for small children. Approximately 30 million to 40 million cases of measles occur worldwide each year, resulting in close to 1 million deaths. Measles (rubeola) is not the same as rubella, a condition caused by a different virus that is less contagious and results in less severe symptoms.

The measles vaccine is a highly effective way to prevent the measles illness. However, vaccination programs are incomplete in much of the world. Global health organizations are working hard to address this problem. The disease can spread easily with international travelers.

Measles symptoms and signs appear 10 to 12 days after exposure to the virus. They typically include: fever; dry cough; runny nose; inflamed eyes (conjunctivitis); sensitivity to light; and tiny red spots with bluish-white centers found inside the mouth on the inner lining of the cheek, called Koplik's spots.

Measles typically begins with a mild to moderate fever, accompanied by other signs and symptoms, such as a persistent cough, runny nose, inflamed eyes (conjunctivitis) and sore throat. Two or three days later, Koplik's spots – a characteristic sign of measles – appear. Then a fever spikes, often as high as 104 or 105 F. At the same time, a red blotchy rash appears, usually on the face, along the hairline and behind the ears. This itchy rash rapidly spreads downward to the chest and back and, finally, to the thighs and feet. After about a week, the rash fades in the same sequence that it appeared.

No treatment can get rid of an established measles infection. However, nonimmunized infants may be given the measles vaccination within 72 hours of exposure to the measles virus, to provide protection against the disease. Pregnant women, infants and people with weakened immune systems who are exposed to the virus may receive an injection of proteins (antibodies) that can fight off infection, called immune serum globulin. When given within six days of exposure to the virus, these antibodies can prevent measles or make symptoms less severe.

The person may also take over-the-counter medications to help relieve the fever that accompanies measles. If you develop a bacterial infection while you have measles, such as pneumonia or an ear infection, your doctor may prescribe an antibiotic. Young children who are hospitalized with severe measles might also benefit from prescription doses of vitamin A.

Isolation is another element of treatment. Because measles is highly contagious, people with measles shouldn't return to activities in which they interact with other people during this period. It may also be necessary to keep nonimmunized people out of the infected person's house.

Ex. 8. Translate the following words and word-combinations into English:

Кашель; кір; нежить; з'являтися|появлятися|; інфекційний,контагіозный|; розповсюджуватися|поширюватися|вниз; забезпечувати захист; дуже маленький, крихітний; сироватка; висип; плямочка, пляма; призначення вітаміну; супроводжувати, супроводити.

Ex. 9. Translate the text “Measles” into Ukrainian.

Ex. 10. Insert the missing words:

The cause of measles is a _. The virus lives in the mucus in the nose and throat of an infected child or _. That child or adult is _ from four days before the rash appears to four days after. When someone with _ coughs, sneezes or talks, infected droplets spray into the air, where other people can inhale them. The infected droplets may also land on a surface where they remain active and _ for several hours. You can contract the _ by putting your fingers in your mouth or nose after touching the infected surface.

Once the virus gets inside your _, it typically grows in the cells that line the back of the throat and lungs. The infection then spreads throughout the body, including the respiratory system and the _.

Ex. 11. Answer the following questions:

1. What is measles? 2. How many cases of measles occur worldwide each year? 3. What is the cause of measles? 4. In what cases is the measles vaccine a highly effective? 5. What are the symptoms and signs of measles? 6. How does measles begin? 7. What is the next step? 8. What is the treatment for measles? 9. What is the prevention for measles?

Ex. 12. Match the following words with their definitions:

1. Over-the-counter. 2. Virus. 3. Vaccination. 4. Serum.

1. Deliberate introduction of an antigen into a subject to stimulate the immune system and produce immunity to the antigen. 2. Tiny organism that causes disease. 3. Medications sold without a prescription. 4. Fluid portion of blood after the removal of fibrin and blood cells.

Ex. 13. Insert the prepositions and name the complications of measles: