- •O. Pisotska
- •Передмова
- •Lesson 39
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Forms of participle
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Respiratory system
- •Normal ventilation
- •Smoking
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar
- •Absolute participle construction
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Respiratory disorders
- •Tracheobronchitis and bronchitis
- •Disorders of the sinuses and throat
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Construction “it is (was, will be ) … that (who, whom)”
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Overview
- •Lesson 42
- •Vocabulary
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Infectious diseases and their types
- •Subgroups of the infectious diseases
- •Overview
- •Immune system
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Simple tenses (revision)
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Immune system
- •Immunity
- •Overview
- •Lesson 44
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Functions of “one”
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Overview
- •Lesson 45
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Infinitive and its forms
- •Інфінітив у формі|у формі| Continuous| виражає тривалу дію, що відбувається одночасно з дією, вираженою дієсловом-присудком:
- •Інфінітив у формі|у формі| Perfect| виражає|виказує,висловлює| дію, що передує дії, вираженій дієсловом-присудком:
- •Subjective infinitive construction
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Endocrine system
- •Ex. 16. Translate the text “Endocrine System” into Ukrainian.
- •Endocrine glands
- •Functions of hormones
- •Ex. 34. Speak on the some endocrine glands using obtained data. You may use the following expressions:
- •Thyroid gland
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Hormonal problems
- •Ex. 7. Translate the text “Hormonal Problems” into Ukrainian.
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Grammar:
- •Objective infinitive construction
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Diabetes mellitus
- •Insulin injection
- •Medication
- •Overview
- •Lesson 48
- •I. Read and translate one of the following texts: Text a thyroid diseases
- •Allergy
- •Text c tuberculosis
- •II. Speak on the following topics:
- •Word-building
- •Nervous system
- •Various forms of nerve cells.
- •Spinal cord
- •Overview
- •Lesson 50
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Sequence of tenses
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Ex. 20. Read the following abstract and write down all unknown medical terms. Translate them with the aid of dictionary. Tell about the hypothalamic functions: hypothalamus
- •Human brain and its functions
- •What is wonderful about the brain?
- •Overview
- •Lesson 51
- •Vocabulary
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Disorders of nervous system
- •Infections
- •Ex. 8. Read and memorize the following words:
- •Degenerative disorders
- •Ex. 16. Write the summary of the text "Degenerative Disorders" overview
- •Lesson 52
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Adverbs
- •Reading and developing speaking skills Ex. 4. Read the vocabulary and memorize new words. Ex. 5. Insert the missing letters, read the following words and translate them:
- •Accessory structures
- •Eye placement
- •Overview
- •Lesson 53
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Noun as attribute
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Ear disorders
- •Communicating with a hearing-impaired person
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •What is your skin type
- •Ex. 22. Read and translate the following text: skin disorders
- •Text a disorders of vision
- •Bronchitis
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Objective participle construction
- •The Objective Participle Construction перекладається підрядним реченням зі сполучником “як”: I saw them walking along the street.Я бачив, як вони йшли по вулиці.
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Urinary system
- •Ex. 20. Make up a dialogue on the urinary system.
- •Functions of urinary system
- •Fluid excretion
- •Kidneys
- •Ex. 26. Describe the structure of kidney using the following figure:
- •Ex. 27 Describe kidneys’ functions. The following expressions may be helpful:
- •Ex. 28. Write the summary of the text "Kidneys".
- •Overview
- •Lesson 57
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Functions of the verb “to have”
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Kidneys disorders
- •Kidney stones
- •Ex. 23. Pronounce and memorize the words to the theme studied:
- •Kidney transplantation
- •Overview
- •Lesson 58
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Functions of the verb “to be”
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Ex. 8. Read and memorize the following terms:
- •Ex. 21. Write the summary of the text “Cancer”.
- •New methods to fight cancer
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Interrogative form (Revision)
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Ex. 8. Translate the following words into English:
- •Stomach tumor
- •Ex. 18. Give a summary of the text “Stomach Tumor”.
- •Lung cancer
- •Tumors of the small intestine
- •Cancer of the kidney
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Pregnancy
- •Food and nutrition during pregnancy
- •Development of the organ systems
- •Signs of pregnancy
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar: simple tenses (revision)
- •Reading and developing skills
- •Death; embryo; adolescent; occur; amount; achieve; subsequent; myelin sheath; push; raise; grasp; listen; quietly; laugh; loud.
- •First year after birth
- •Development during the preschool years
- •School years
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Interrogative form
- •Reading and developing reading skills
- •Newborn’s nutrition
- •Breast feeding
- •Infant’s nutrition
- •Nutrition of preschool child
- •Vocabulary
- •Grammar: modal verbs (revision)
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Childhood infectious diseases
- •Chickenpox
- •Immunization
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Grammar:
- •Infinitive constructions and participles (revision)
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Measles
- •Complications of measles
- •Some notions about measles
- •I. Read and translate one of the following texts: Text a female reproductive system
- •Male reproductive system
- •Infertility
- •Breast cancer
- •Whooping cough
- •Treatment for whooping cough
- •II. Speak on the following topics:
- •Appendix 1
- •Irregular verbs
- •Appendix 2 suffixes and term-elements
- •Term elements of greek and latin origin greek, latin, english and ukrainian equivalents
- •Короткий довідник з правил словотворення
- •Найуживаніші суфікси англійської мови:
- •Основні префікси:
- •Practical grammar guide
- •(Короткий граматичний довідник)
- •Іменник
- •(Cases)
- •Артикль (article)
- •Займенники (pronouns)
- •Прикметник (adjective)
- •Найвищий ступінь порівняння прикметників (Superlative Degree)
- •Порядок слів у реченні.
- •Побудова розповідних і питальних речень
- •Способи визначення присудка в англійському реченні
- •Неозначено-особові речення
- •Безособові речення.
- •Форми дієслова forms of the verb
- •Часи групи simple (indefinite) present simple
- •Past simple
- •Future simple
- •Simple tenses
- •Часи групи continuous
- •Present continuous
- •Past continuous
- •Future continuous
- •Continuous tenses
- •Perfect tenses
- •Present perfect
- •Past perfect
- •Future perfect
- •Perfect tenses
- •Стан дієслова
- •Passive voice
- •Зведена таблиця часів стверджувальної форми
- •Зведена таблиця питальної форми
- •Interrogative form
- •Дієслова to be та to have
- •Ознаки функціональної відмінності дієслова to be
- •Модальні дієслова (modal verbs)
- •Модальне дієслово can
- •Модальне дієслово could
- •Модальне дієслово may
- •Модальне дієслово must
- •Ознаки розпізнавання граматичних форм, утворених за допомогою допоміжних дієслів should I would
- •Підрядні додаткові та означальні речення (object clauses)
- •Виділення членів речення за допомогою підсилювальної конструкції it is (was, will be) ... That (who, which)
- •Умовний спосіб
- •(Infinitive)
- •Об’єктний інфінітивний комплекс (Objective Infinitive Construction)
- •Дієприкметник
- •Об’єктний дієприкметниковий комплекс (Objective Participle Construction)
- •The Objective Participle Construction перекладається підрядним реченням зі сполучником “як”: I saw them walking along the street. – я бачив, як вони йшли по вулиці. Герундій (gerund)
- •Форми герундія
- •Герундіальний комплекс (зворот) (Gerund Construction)
- •Узгодження часів у підрядному додатковому реченні
- •Vocabulary список використаної літератури
Grammar:
Ex. 2. Familiarize yourself with the data of the following table:
Adverbs
slowly, quickly, badly, easily (з неперехідним дієсловом) |
They walked quickly. |
slowly, quickly, badly, easily (з перехідним дієсловом) |
He wrote case-history quickly. He quickly wrote a case-history. |
always, often, never, usually, sometimes |
She always receive necessary information. He is always busy. She must always be in time. |
today, yesterday, tomorrow |
They will come tomorrow. Tomorrow they will come. |
Ex. 3. Read and analyze the place of the adverbs in the following sentences:
1. The blood was dropping from the wound very slowly. 2. Chronic forms begin more slowly. 3. Acute leukemia progresses quickly. 4. The axon quickly divides into numerous branches. 5. Injured leg hurts very badly. 6. In two or three weeks the same recovery is always complete. 7. I usually go to see my friends in the evening. 8. These patients usually have acute problems. 9. This space is always filled with aqueous humor. 10. The face is usually a mirror of person's condition.
Reading and developing speaking skills Ex. 4. Read the vocabulary and memorize new words. Ex. 5. Insert the missing letters, read the following words and translate them:
C_oroid; ret_na; hum_r; ad_ust; b_lk; s_lera; fove_; pro_ect; tou_h; _ornea; p_pil; re_ord; en_lose; l_ns; ey_lid; suspe_d; sig_t; i_is; con_unctiva.
Ex. 6. Read the following words and word-combinations:
Unique; receive; eye; focus; conjunctiva; retina; iris; aqueous humor; canal of Schlemm; vitreous; choroid; eyelid; nourish; tear; power; pass; allow; delicate; anterior chamber; manufacture; posterior; bloodstream; colorless; capsule; fiber; gelatin-like substance; known as; equivalent; primarily; multilayered; vision; visually; interpret; perceive.
Ex. 7. Read the following text:
EYE
The eyes are unique instruments, able to receive definite information about the world outside our body. Thousands of times a day, the eyes move and focus on images near and far. The structure of the eye is very complex. The eye consists of conjunctiva, sclera, cornea, lens, retina, iris, pupil, anterior chamber (aqueous humor), canal of Schlemn, posterior chamber (vitreous humor), fovea (focal point), choroids, and optic nerve.
The conjunctiva runs along the inside of the eyelid and the outermost portion of the eye. It meets the sclera, the tough white layer that covers most of the eyeball. Both contain tiny blood vessels that nourish the eye.
Inside the conjunctiva at the center of the eye the cornea lies. This layer of clear tissue with its film of tears provides about two-thirds of the focusing power of the eye. The cornea refracts light as it enters the eye.
The pupil and iris lie behind the cornea. The pupil is the opening through which light passes to the back of the eye. Muscles controlling the iris (the colored part of the eye) allow it to change the size of the pupil to adjust to the amount of light. The pupil becomes larger in dim light and smaller in bright light to protect the delicate retina from excessive light.
Between the cornea and the iris the anterior chamber lies. This space is filled with aqueous humor. This fluid is manufactured in the posterior chamber of the eye. The fluid passes into the anterior chamber through the pupil and then is absorbed into the bloodstream through the canal of Schlemm in the angle where the iris meets the cornea.
Eye
Behind the iris and anterior chamber the lens is. This colorless tissue is enclosed in a capsule and suspended in the middle of the eye by a net of fibers. The lens can change shape in order to focus light rays on the retina.
The bulk of the eyeball, which is behind the lens, is formed by the round posterior chamber. It is filled with a colorless, gelatin-like substance known as the vitreous humor.
Retina is located behind the vitreous chamber. The retina of the eye is equivalent to the film of the camera. Composed of 10 layers, the retina processes the light images projected from the cornea and lens.
The retina is nourished primarily by the choroids. This multilayered tissue, which lies between the retina and the sclera, is composed of veins and arteries.
Fovea located in the center of the retina provides the most acute vision. This section is the most visually sensitive part of the eye.
The optic nerve takes the electrical impulses recorded by the retina and transmits them to the brain. The optic nerve interprets these messages into what we perceive as sight.
Ex. 8. Translate the following words and word-combinations into Ukrainian:
The world outside our body; to focus on images near and far; it runs along the inside of the eyelid; tiny; provide; amount of light; dim light; delicate retina; the fluid passes through the pupil; bloodstream; colorless, gelatin-like substance; multilayered tissue; acute vision.
Ex. 9. Translate the following words into English:
Віко|повіка|; склера, білкова оболонка ока; кон'юнктива; пристосовуватися; рогівка, рогова оболонка ока; очне яблуко; зіниця; сльоза; сітківка|сітчатка|, сітчаста оболонка; живити|почувати|; райдужка; основна маса; кришталик ока; сприймати, розуміти; поглиблення, ямка; задня камера (очного яблука); передня камера (очного яблука); судинна оболонка ока; склиста волога; шоломів|шлемів| канал.
Ex. 10. Translate the text "Eye" into Ukrainian.
Ex. 11. Answer the following questions:
1. What does the eye consist of? 2. Where is the conjunctiva? 3. What vessels does the conjunctiva contain? 4. What is the cornea? 5. What is its function? 6. Where are the pupil and iris located? 7. What is the function of muscles controlling the iris? 8. What is the anterior chamber filled with? 9. Where is the lens? 10. What is its function? 11. What is the bulk of the eyeball formed by? 12. How many layers is the retina composed by? 13. What is the retina nourished by? 14. What are the choroids composed of? 15. What is fovea? 16. What is the major function of the optic nerves?
Ex. 12. Complete the following sentences:
1. The conjunctiva is_. 2. The sclera is _. 3. The cornea is _. 4. The lens is _. 5. The retina is _. 7. The iris is _ . 8. The pupil is _.
Ex. 13. Insert the missing words given below:
The eye is composed of three coats or tunics. The fibrous tunic is the outer _ of the eye. It consists of the _ and cornea. The sclera is the posterior four fifths of the _. It is white connective tissue that maintains the _ of the eye and provides a site for muscle attachment. The _ is the anterior four fifths of the eye. It is transparent and retracts _ that enters the eye. The vascular tunic of the eye is the _ layer. This layer contains most of the blood vessels of the _. The vascular tunic consists of the _, ciliary body, and iris.
-
sclera; eyeball; eye; layer; light; cornea; shape; choroids; middle.
Ex. 14. Translate the first parts of the sentences into English and complete them:
1. Очі – це_|. 2. Око складається з _. 3. Кон'юнктива, розташована|схильна| на зовнішній стороні ока, складається з _. 4. Функція рогової оболонки ока – це _. 5. Зіниця і райдужка ока розташовані|схильні| _. 6. Водяниста волога ока виробляється _. 7. Кришталик ока може _. 8. Сітчаста оболонка ока є|з'являється,являється| еквівалентом _. 9. Найбільш візуально чутлива частина|частка| ока – це _.
Ex. 15. Compose the plan of the text "Eye".
Ex. 16. Speak on the location of different parts of the eye.
Ex. 17. Speak on the functions of parts of the eye.
Ex. 18. Compose the dialogue on the structure and functions of the eye.
Ex. 19. Read and translate the following text. Write out the key words of it: