Hip-Hop Dance

By Jade Goody

Hip-hop dance refers to social or 1) choreograp__ed dance styles primarily danced to hip-hop music. This includes a wide range of styles notably breaking, locking, and popping which were developed in the 1970s by Black Americans. What separates hip-hop dance from other forms of dance is that it is often 2) fre__style 3) (improviza__ional) in nature and hip-hop dancers 4) fre__uently engage in battles—formal or informal freestyle dance competitions. Informal 5) se__sions and battles are usually performed in a 6) __ipher.These three elements—freestyling, battles, and ciphers—are key 7) __omponents of hip-hop dance.

More than 30 years 1) _____, hip-hop became widely known after the first 2) ___________ breaking, locking, and 3) ________ crews formed in the 1970s. The most influential groups are responsible for the 4) ________of locking, breaking, and popping respectively. Parallel with the evolution of hip-hop 5) _____, hip-hop dancing evolved from breaking and the 6) _________styles into different forms: moves such as the "running man" and the "cabbage patch" hit the mainstream and became 7) ______ dances.

The dance industry in particular responded 1) (with, by) studio/commercial hip-hop, sometimes 2) (called, is calling) new style or L.A. style, and jazz funk. They wanted to create choreography for hip-hop music from the hip-hop dances they saw 3) (being, been) performed on the street. To some, hip-hop dance may only be a form of entertainment or a hobby. To others it has 4) (become, became) a lifestyle: a way to 5) (be, is) active in physical fitness or competitive dance and a way to make a living by 6) (dancing, dance) professionally.

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From The Mirror

12.02.2008

History of Jazz Dance By James Hitch

The 1) b__rthplace of jazz has many origins: New Orleans, St. Louis, Memphis and Kansas City are just a few. But New Orleans was and still 2) r__mains an important jazz center. The 3) et__nic rainbow of people who gravitated to the bars and brothels were a major factor in the development of jazz. The city had been under Spanish and French rule 4) p__ior to the Louisiana 5) p__rchase. By 1900, it was a 6) bl__nd of Spanish, French, English, German, Italian, Slavic and 7) co__ntless blacks originally brought in as slaves.

The first jazz 1) _______ contained a 2) "__________ section" consisting of a string bass, drums, and a 3) ______ or banjo, and a "melodic section" with one or two cornets, a trombone, a clarinet, and sometimes even a violin. Years later, jazz was taken over by large 4) ___________; a "society jazz band" contained fifteen or more 5) ___________. Today, there is a renewed interest in the 6) "________ " era, even though the music has very little to do with 7) “_______”.

True jazz is 1) (characterized, characterizing) by certain essential features. The 2) (one, first) is a tendency to stress the weak beats of the bar (2nd and 4th) in contrast to traditional music 3) (who, which) stressed the first and third beats. The second feature 4) (are, is) syncopation through an 5) (extensive, extensively) repetition of short and strongly rhythmic phrases or "riffs". The third feature of jazz is swing (regular but subtle pulsation which animates 4/4 time). The swing must 6) (to be, be) present in every good jazz performance.

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From The Daily Express

19.10.2010