Professional Titles

By Michael Bitt

Although many 1) kind_ of people working in or studying legal 2) a__fairs are referred to as 3) law__ers, the word really describes a person who has become officially 4) q__alified to act in certain 5) l__gal matters because of examinations he has taken and 6) prof__ssional 7) exper__ence he has gained.

1) _____ countries have different groups of 2) ______ who each take a 3) _____ kind of examination 4) _____ qualify to do particular jobs. In Japan, a lawyer must 5) _____ whether he wants to take the examination to 6) ______ an attorney, a public prosecutor or a 7) ______.

In England, the decision is between becoming a barrister or a solicitor. Barristers 1) (have specialised, specialise) in arguing cases in front of a judge and have the right to be heard, the right of audience, even in the 2) (higher, highest) courts. They 3) (are not paid, do not pay) directly by clients, but are employed by solicitors. Judges are usually chosen from the most senior barristers, and once appointed they cannot 4) (to continue, continue) to practice as barristers. Solicitors do much of the initial preparation for cases which they then hand to barristers, as well as handling legal work which does not 5) (comes, come) before a court, such as drawing up wills, and dealing with litigation which is 6) (settled, settling) out of court.

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From the Law Practice Magazine

11.09.2007

Unjust Laws

By Terry Gibbons

Laws can be either just or unjust. Just laws protect human 1) rig_ts, and disobeying such laws for personal gain or of personal 2) disagre_ment is wrong because it may harm 3) sec_rity of other members of a 4) comm_nity. The Greek philosopher Socrates claims that someone who breaks the law is “a 5) destro_er of the laws”. Since laws are pillars of 6) so_iety, breaking those laws damages society. But some people believe that certain laws are unjust and should no longer 7) ex_st.

Unjust laws are laws that 1) ______ some people to obey while not requiring others to do the same. These laws are often used by one 2) ______ to mistreat other group. Some 3) ______ think that unjust laws should not be obeyed. While it is better to prevent unjust laws from being made, there are many 4) ______ by which people can act to 5) ______ them after they have been enacted. One of these methods is civil 6) ______, the deliberate and public violation of an unjust law as a means of 7) ______.

During the 1960-70s there 1) (has been, were) a civil rights movement, an anti-war movement and other several movements in which 2) (people, peoples) claimed that obeying the laws was harmful because the law 3) (itself, himself) was wrong. In the United States the famous leader of civil rights movement was Martin Luther King, who promoted non-violent methods 4) (from, of) racial equality. He organized marches for black’s right to vote, fair hiring, desegregation and other rights. He was 5) (arresting, arrested) and in his famous “Letter from the Birmingham Jail” he called on all Americans to actively but peacefully oppose laws that were 6) (moral, morally) wrong. Most of the demands were later enacted into the US law. In 1964 King won the Nobel Peace Prize, in 1968 he was assassinated.

Спеціальність: Хореографія

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From The Sun

27.05. 2008

Dance/Movement Therapy

By Peter O’Neal

Dance is the most fundamental of the arts, involving direct expression through the body. Thus, it is an intimate and powerful medium for therapy. Based on the 1) a__sumption that body and mind are 2) inte__related, dance/movement therapy is defined by the American Dance Therapy Association as 3) "the psychotherape__tic use of movement as a process which furthers the 4) emot__onal, cognitive and 5) p__ysical integration of the individual." Dance/movement therapy 6) __ffects changes in feelings, cognition, physical 7) f__nctioning, and behavior.

Dance as therapy came into 1) ________ in the 1940s, especially through the pioneering 2) ________of Marian Chace. Psychiatrists in Washington, D.C., found that their 3) __________ were deriving benefits from attending Chace's 4) _______ dance classes. As a result, Chace was asked to work on the back 5) ______ of St. Elizabeths Hospital with patients who had been considered too disturbed to 6) ____________ in regular group activities. A non-verbal group 7) _________ was needed and dance/movement therapy met that need.

The American Dance Therapy Association (ADTA) 1) (were, was) founded in 1966 by 73 charter members in 15 states. Now, the Association has grown to nearly 1200 members in 46 states and 20 foreign countries. ADTA 2) (maintains, maintain) a registry of dance/movement therapists who meet specific 3) (more educational, educational) and clinical practice standards. The title "Dance Therapist Registered" (DTR) is granted to entry-level dance/movement therapists who have a master's degree which 4) (includes, include) 700 hours of supervised clinical internship. In addition, as part of 5) (they, their) written application for review by the credentials committee, applicants for ADTR must document their understanding 6) (at, of) theory and practice.

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From the Independent

07. 11. 2006