Vitamins

By Patricia Torntone

In addition to 1) carboh_drates, fats, proteins, mineral 2) s_lts and water, it is essential that the food of man and animals contains small amounts of the 3) subst_nces called vitamins, which the living organism is unable to 4) man_facture by itself and which have to be supplied from other 5) so_rces, namely diet. If anyone of same fifteen of more of these compounds is lacking in the diet, there occurs eventually a breakdown of 6) metaboli_ processes that results in symptoms of malnutrition that are classed, at the deficiency 7) d_seases.

Vitamins are believed to 1) ______ to ancient elementary organic 2) _____ and to exist before life originated on 3) ______. According to Academician Chagovets vitamins took 4) _______ in the building up as primary organism together with such "blocks" of living matter as nucleic acids, 5) _____, amino acids. Like the hormones, 6) _____are considered to be 7) _______ potent.

In addition to being "accessory food factors" necessary for the maintenance of health and indeed for life 1) (herself, itself), the synthetic vitamins are now 2) (recognizes, recognized) as being valuable therapeutic agents for the treatment of deficiency syndromes and as such they 3) (may, might) legitimately be considered as drugs. The vitamins as a class 4) (is, are) not chemically related, and they 5) (have classify, are classified) according to their solubility and chief therapeutic effect into two groups: a) water-soluble vitamins; b) fat-soluble vitamins. It is known to be essential for the maintenance of 6) (normal, normaler) epithelial tissue.

Текст 2

Завдання до тексту

I. Вставте пропущені букви у словах першого абзацу.

II. Виберіть та вставте запропоновані у дужках слова (shortage,pose,donor,immune,tissue,routine,reduce) в другому абзаці.

III. У третьому абзаці оберіть правильну граматичну форму.

IV. Складіть план до тексту.

V. Поставте 10 запитань до тексту.

VI. Напишіть анотацію.

From the Times

03.02.2008

Transplantations

By Marlen Dought

The idea of transplanting organs and parts of the body from one person to another is very old. However, the first heart transplant was 1) cond__cted not until 1964 when the American 2) s__ientist, J. M. Hardy, managed to 3) impl__nt a chimpanzee's heart into a man. Unfortunately, the 4) pa__ient died a few minutes after the operation. In 1967, the first successful heart transplant was performed in Kapstadt. After this success a 5) rema__kable progress in the field of medicine has made it possible to transplant not only hearts but also 6) kidne__s, livers or even 7) l__ngs.

Although transplants are not yet 1) __________, they are becoming more and more common. However, they still 2) __________ some serious difficulties. First of all, 3) __________ organs must match the patient's blood and 4) __________. Second, the patient's 5) __________ system must be treated medically to 6) __________ the risk of rejection. The greatest problem, however, is not the operation itself but the 7) __________ of organs.

Although it is possible now 1) (being taken, to take) organs without the consent of a dead 2) (person's family, person family), their will is usually respected in case of refusal. Organs 3) (could taken, can be taken) when a person is recognized as "brain-dead". One man 4) (is able, abled) to save even four other people: a taker of heart, liver and two kidneys. Usually young victims of car accidents 5) (becomes, become) sources of organs for transplants. Still, the demand for human organs is enormous. If only they were more readily available, a greater number of lives 6) (could be saved, can be saved).

Текст 3

Завдання до тексту

I. Вставте пропущені букви у словах першого абзацу.

II. Виберіть та вставте запропоновані у дужках слова (laboratory,anemia,against,farmers,appetite,solar,nuclear) в другому абзаці.

III. У третьому абзаці оберіть правильну граматичну форму.

IV. Складіть план до тексту.

V. Поставте 10 запитань до тексту.

VI. Напишіть анотацію.

From the Times

06.07.2006