Unit 5 Ways of Coping with Stress

Grammar

Present Continuous Active

Present Continuous Active используется для обозначения:

1) действия, которое совершается в настоящий момент (момент создания высказывания): He is receiving psychotherapy in an inpatient setting now.

2) длительного действия, которое происходит в настоящее время: At present I am participating in a therapy group.He is still practicing social work and teaching part time.

3) процессов и изменений в состоянии или ситуации: The psychologist says that the patient’s condition is gradually getting better.

4) временных ситуаций или действий: Jack is having a difficult time until he obtains a steady job.

5) запланированного действия в будущем: I am seeing both the young person and their parent today.

Для выражения утвердительного значения в Present Continuous Active используется глагол to be в формах настоящего времени (am/is/are), а также первая форма глагола с окончанием –ing (ing-form):

am

Is performing

are

Для выражения отрицательного значения используется отрицательная частица not, которая ставится после вспомогательного глагола (am/is/are):

am not

Isn’t performing

aren’t

Вопросительная форма конструируется путем постановки вспомогательного глагола (am/is/are) перед подлежащим:

Is the clinical psychologist trying to help the young guy to cope with stress?– Yes, he is./No, he isn’t.

Лексическими маркерами времени Present Continuous Active являются: now, at the moment, still, at present, currently, nowadays, etc.

Ряд глаголов не может быть использован во временах группы Continuous. Они могут быть разделены на следующие группы:

1. Глаголы, выражающие чувства и отношение: like, dislike, love, hate, enjoy, prefer, etc.

2. Глаголы чувственного восприятия: see, hear, smell, taste, feel, look, sound, etc.

3. Глаголы мыслительной деятельности: know, believe, understand, realize, remember, forget, notice, think, etc.

4. Глаголы, выражающие желание: want, desire, wish, etc.

5. Другие глаголы: be, contain, include, belong, mean, need, fit, etc.

Некоторые из указанных глаголов имеют несколько значений. При этом в одном значении они могут употребляться во временах группы Continuous, тогда как в другом значении не используются.

Simple Tenses	Continuous Tenses
to think (считать, полагать)	to think (думать, размышлять)
to be (быть)	to be (вести себя)
to look (выглядеть)	to look at (смотреть)
to see (видеть)	to see (встречаться)
to feel (чувствовать)	to feel (ощупывать, искать на ощупь)
to taste (иметь вкус)	to taste (пробовать на вкус)
to smell (пахнуть)	to smell (нюхать)
to appear (казаться)	to appear (выступать)

Past Continuous Active

Past Continuous Active используется для:

1) обозначения действий, происходящих в определенный момент прошлого: At that time there was a patient on the unit who wasn’t responding to a behavioural program for her severe phobias.

2) обозначения действий, прерываемых другими действиями: When I opened the door the psychologist was talking to a patient and interviewing him about his history.

3) обозначения одновременных длительных действий: While my friend was gaining experience in practicing social work, I was obtaining my Ph.D.

4) описания статичной картины в прошлом: That was my first time that I participated in a therapy group. Eight people were meeting face-to-face with one trained group therapist and were talking about what was troubling them. Members were also expressing their own feelings about what someone said or did.

Для выражения в Past Continuous Active используется глагол to be в формах прошедшего времени (was/were), а также первая форма глагола с окончанием –ing (ing-form):

was

were making

Для выражения отрицательного значения используется отрицательная частица not, которая ставится после вспомогательного глагола (was/were):

wasn’t making

weren’t

Вопросительная форма конструируется путем постановки вспомогательного глагола (was/were) перед подлежащим:

Was the therapy session taking place when you came?- Yes, it was./No, it wasn’t.

Future Continuous Active

Future Continuous Active используется для обозначения:

1) действий, которые будут совершаться в определенный момент будущего: This time tomorrow I will be attending a 2-hour-group therapy session. I will be doing congregational social work upon my graduation.

2) запланированных действий в будущем (подобно времени Present Continuous Active): I can’t join you. I will be attending an appointment with my psychologist. I never miss it.

Для формального выражения Future Continuous Active используется вспомогательный глагол будущего времени (shall/will), неопределенная форма глагола to be без частицы to, а также первая форма глагола с окончанием –ing (ing-form):

shall be

will be reviewing

Для выражения отрицательного значения используется отрицательная частица not, которая ставится после вспомогательного глагола (shall/will):

shan’t be reviewing

won’t be

Вопросительная форма конструируется путем постановки вспомогательного глагола (shall/will) перед подлежащим: Will you be taking this medicine this evening?- Yes, I will/No, I shan’t/won’t.

Task 1. Change into the negative according to the pattern:

I am doing an English exercise. (read a text) I am not reading a text.

1. We are sitting at the desks in the classroom. (lie down)

2. The patient is lying on the coach. (sit)

3. We are speaking English. (write an exercise)

4. The teacher is dictating a number of words to us. (read)

5. The instructor is marking our tests. (deliver a lecture)

6. The teacher is explaining some new grammar material to us. (mark our tests)

7. The patient is telling the psychologist what his problem is. (discuss the plan of treatment)

8. The geriatric social worker is listening to his patient. (speak to him)

9. She is trying to get custody of this boy. (adopt this boy)

10. The social worker is interviewing the patient. (provide psychological testing)

Task 2. Answer the questions according to the pattern. Use the promt-words:

Is he listening to the teacher? (talk to a friend) – No, he isn’t. He is talking to a friend.

1. Are you working on your essay? (type)

2. Are you meeting your new colleagues? (do some work on computer)

3. Is she seeing a psychologist? (try to find a psychologist)

4. Is this patient complaining of homophobia? (talk about his friend’s problems)

5. Is the psychotherapist trying to find an adequate treatment? (make a plan of treatment)

6. Is the social worker running a group counseling session? (provide an individual counseling)

7. Is the social worker referring you to another specialist? (try to help himself)

8. Is this social worker working with you? (provide me some individual counseling)

9. Is she looking after your child? (work in our house)

10. Is the patient running a high temperature? (fell good)

11. Are they forcing him to attend team therapy sessions? (persuade him to attend team therapy sessions)

Task 3. Form questions to which the following are the answers. Use the question words suggested:

We are thinking about buying a new computer. (What … about?) What are you thinking about?

1. The clinical psychologist is trying to find out what the patient’s concern is. (What … ?)

2. I am feeling nervous about visiting the psychologist. (What … about?)

3. The psychologist is looking at his patient. (Who … at?)

4. The child has behavioural problems at school. (Where … ?)

5. The social worker is conducting preliminary investigations into allegation of parental abuse. (What investigations … ?)

6. She is having difficulty dealing with problems within her family. (What difficulty … ?)

7. I am getting a relaxation session. (What …?)

8. The social worker is encouraging the participants of group activities to improve their own self-esteem. (Whom… to improve their own self-esteem?)

9. The social worker is referring the patient to a consultant. (Who … to?)

10. In this particular case he is using cognitive therapy to handle this patient. (What technique … ?)

11. We trust this doctor because of his expertise, competence and credentials. (Why ... ?)

Task 4 Answer the questions, using when and the verb of the subordinate clause in the Past Continuous Tense:

When did you begin to feel dizziness? (walk home from work) – I began to feel dizziness when I was walking home from work.

1. When did his condition start improving? (begin to participate in group therapy)

2. When did the patient have a complication? (his condition/improve)

3. When did you have difficulties breathing? (work in the garden)

4. When did you feel shy? (the social worker /interview me about my family and friendship circle)

5. When did you start feeling better? (start attending group counseling sessions)

6. When did the patient’s condition start aggravating? (take a new medicine)

7. When did the child start crying? (the psychologist/ask about his feelings towards his school friends)

8. When did you decide to continue his treatment? (think of his case yesterday)

9. When did you start using this technique? (work with people who have experienced domestic violence)

10. When did you feel nervous? (pick up an examination card)

Task 5. Answer the questions, using the verb of the principal clause in the Past Continuous Tense. First give short and then full answers. Follow the given pattern:

What were you doing while the doctor was interviewing you? (look around his office) a) - I was looking around his office. b) While the doctor was interviewing me I was looking around his office.

1. What were the students doing while the professor was delivering a lecture? (take notes)

2. What were you doing while the teacher was explaining the new grammar material? (listen to the teacher carefully)

3. What were you doing while the Dean was making an announcement? (sit quietly and listen to the Dean)

4. What were you doing while the teacher was giving you your home assignments for the next time? (write them down carefully)

5. What was the social worker doing while the client was waiting for him? (do some paperwork)

6. What was the child doing while the social worker was interviewing her? (draw with pencils)

7. What was the child’s mother doing while the social worker was talking to him? (sit next to the child and support him)

8. What was the social worker doing while the client was telling about his concerns? (document the client’s decision to share the information with his family)

9. What was the psychologist doing while you were waiting for him in the waiting room? (counsel another patient)

10. What were the other family members doing while the social worker was discussing the course of action with each of them individually? (talk to each other)

Task 6. Extend the statements, using Future Continuous Tense and the suggestions indicated. Make the object of the given sentence the subject of the new one.

Don’t call me at six. (do my homework) Don’t call me at six. I’ll be doing my homework.

1. Don’t call me at 8.30. (go to the University)

2. Don’t drop in from 6 to 9 p.m. (visit my grandparents)

3. Don’t call me from 9 a.m. till 11 a.m. (counsel my clients)

4. Don’t call me at this time tomorrow. (make home visits to my clients)

5. Don’t call me at this tomorrow. (make some important phone calls)

6. Don’t call me tomorrow. (do a great deal of important paperwork)

7. Don’t drop in tomorrow from 10 a.m. till 6 p.m. (be out/visit my friends in the country)

8. Don’t call me at 6 p.m.(leave my office)

9. Don’t call me at 6 a.m. tomorrow. (sleep in my bed)

10. Don’t drop in at 2 p.m. on Sunday. (do the shopping)

Task 7. Answer the questions in the Future Continuous Tense, using the given suggestions:

What will you be doing tomorrow at 3 p.m.? (see my psychologist) – I’ll be seeing my psychologist.

1. What will you be doing tomorrow at 8.30 a.m.? (attend a lecture);

2. What will you be doing tomorrow at 1p.m.? (have a lunch break)

3. What will you be doing tomorrow at 4 p.m. ? (do my homework)

4. What will you be doing next Monday at 12.30 p.m.? (have my classes)

5. What will you be doing this time tomorrow? (have my classes)

6. What will you be doing from 8.30 a.m. till 10 a.m. on Friday? (have a seminar)

7. What will you be doing at this time on Wednesday? (go home from the University)

8. What will you be doing from 1 p.m. till 3 p.m. the day after tomorrow? (work in the library to prepare for my seminar)

9. What will you be doing at this time next week? (attend my classes)

10. What will you be doing at 5 a.m. tomorrow? (sleep)

Task 8. Answer the following questions:

a) use Present Continuous Active in your answers.

1. What are you doing now? 2. Who is delivering an English class today? 3. What language are you speaking now? 4. What grammar material are you discussing today? 5.What are the other students doing now? 6. Where are you going after classes today? 7. What topic are you discussing in history now? 8. What issues are they discussing in psychology at present? 9. Are you facing any concerns at present? 10. Are you participating an any extra curricula activities at present? 11. Are feeling nervous? 12. Are you working on any psychology problem now? 13. Are doing research into any psychological issues at present?

b) use Past Continuous Active in your answers.

1. What was the lecturer demonstrating when the screen went blank? 2. What were you doing when the lecture began? 3. What were you doing at 5 p.m. yesterday? 4. What were you doing when the professor arrived? 5. Who were you talking to when I met you yesterday? 6. What were the patients doing when the physician came? 7. Were you feeling nervous when the teacher gave you the test? 8. What were you doing when the teacher was giving you home assignments? 9. What were you doing when an English class began? 10. What were you doing at this time last year? 11. What were you doing from 10 p.m. till 11 p.m. yesterday?

c) use Future Continuous Active in your answers.

1. What will you be doing tomorrow afternoon? 2. Who will the physician be encountering at 9 o’clock? 3. Which courses will you be doing next term? 4. Which test will you be sitting for at 10 tomorrow? 5. What rules will you be revising in the evening today? 6. What exam will you be taking next Monday? 7. Which specialist will you be seeing tomorrow morning? 10. What grammar material will you be discussing next time?

Task 9. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English:

1. Ее состояние постепенно улучшается. 2. Вчера с 10 утра до 18 вечера он работал со своими клиентами на дому (make home visits to his clients). 3. Я буду на приеме у психолога в это время завтра. 4. Он сейчас апробирует новый подход к психологическому лечению больных алкоголизмом. 5. Завтра в 11 часов я делаю доклад об этом случае. 6. Они начинают работать с этим клиентом завтра. 7. Пациент внимательно слушал доктора, пока тот ему рассказывал о плане лечения. 8. Сейчас социальный работник записывает в карту клиента данные опроса семьи больного. 9. В это время завтра я буду проводить сеанс семейной терапии в больнице. 10. Не звоните мне в 10 утра, я буду консультировать моих клиентов. 11. Я начала сильно нервничать, когда социальный работник задавал мне вопросы о моей личной жизни. 12. Какое лечение вы сейчас проходите? 13. Что у вас спрашивал психолог, когда раздался телефонный звонок? 14. Сейчас я посещаю подготовительные курсы, чтобы поступить на факультет «Социальной работы и клинической психологии» в следующем году.

To be going to do sth

Структура to be going to do sth используется для выражения:

• намерения совершить некоторое действие в будущем: I am going to work with each of the family members individually.

• предсказания/прогноза развития какой-либо ситуации: The patient

• looks very frustrated as if she is going to cry.

Формальными показателями выступают глагол быть в настоящем или прошедшем времени и первая форма смыслового глагола с окончанием --ing. Отрицательные и вопросительные формы конструируются аналогично другим структурам, включающим в качестве вспомогательного глагол to be:

He was going to become a social worker. Are you going to be engaged in social work sphere? They are not going to refer this patient to any medical specialist.

Task 10. Extend the statements according to the pattern. Use the given suggestions:

Pass me a piece of chalk, please. (write) Pass me a piece of chalk, please. I’m going to write.

1. Look at this child! (cry)

2. Listen to him! (say something very important)

3. Watch that man! (steal that woman’s handbag)

4. Help this client! (put on her coat)

5. Have a look at those children! (fight)

6. Give me as many details about your family as possible. (make an assessment plan)

7. Take a seat, please. (ask you a few questions)

8. Stop talking! (see what you are doing)

9. Finish this exercise! (check it just right now)

10. Give me your personal details, please! (interview you carefully)

Task 11. Give short negative answers to the questions:

Don’t they live near here? – No, they don’t. Aren’t they going to live near here? – No, they aren’t.

1. Doesn’t she work on Sunday? Isn’t she going to work on Sunday?

2. Don’t you always come on time? Aren’t you on time?

3. Doesn’t she help her groupmates with their homework? Is she going to help them?

4. Don’t you ever leave early? Aren’t you going to leave early?

5. Don’t you cheat during the test? Aren’t you going to cheat during the test?

6. Don’t you discuss such problems in class? Aren’t you going to discuss such problems in class?

7. Doesn’t he read any books in psychology? Isn’t he going to read any books in psychology?

8. Don’t they participate in the conference in psychology? Aren’t they going to participate in the conference in psychology?

9. Doesn’t she work with young patients? Isn’t she going to work with young patients?

10. Don’t you deal with complex social work cases? Aren’t you going to deal with complex social work cases?

Task 12. Read the situations and complete the dialogues. Use be going to do sth.:

1. You are about to find out what the patient is concerned with. Tell him what questions you are going to ask him. Use: to ask you about the feelings and sensations you experience, to find out if you have any fears, to ask you about your family, to ask you a number of personal questions, to find out your social and educational background.

2. You are informing the patient about the coming family group therapy. Tell him what it is going to be like. Use: to involve around nine-ten individuals, to meet twice a week for an hour, to meet in a room with chairs arranged in a circle, to see every other person in the group, to share why you are in group therapy.

3. You want school social workers to help your child. The school social worker tells you how they are going to help. Use: to talk to you and your child to find out if he/she is considered for special education services, to refer your child to some other medical specialists to evaluate if he/she has behavior challenges or mental health concerns, to decide if it is more preferable to provide counseling to your child individually, work with your child in a group, or work with the entire classroom.

4. You are counseling a 63-year-old hospice client in the final stage of terminal lung cancer who wishes to die at home as opposed to in the hospital terminal ward. You say: to be provided with medication delivery and support throughout a day in the hospital, to be aided to perform your bodily functions in the hospital, to be provided with professionally administered medications for pain control every three hours.

5. As a social worker, you are working with a neglected child and his family. Speak about what you are going to do. Use: identify strategies with the family that address the effects of maltreatment and change the behaviors contributing to its risk, provide a clear guide for the family, establish a benchmark to measure client progress for achieving outcomes, develop an essential framework for case decision-making.

6. You are going to be interviewed for a position in social work. Prepare for a social work interview. Use: to review my resume and job description, to practice answers to questions the employer might ask, to research the agency/organization, make a list of questions I will ask, to practice in front of a mirror or with a friend

Task 13. What is going to happen in these situations? Use the words in brackets:

1. The patient looks very pale (to faint). 2. The student is working hard this term (to fail an exam). 3. The girl looks upset (to cry). 4. The patient’s condition is aggravating (to die). 5. The patient does not adhere to the recommended treatment (to get worse). 6. The student has not missed any classes. He was an active participant of all the classroom activities (to do well in an exam). 7. The student has developed considerable expertise in dealing with social cases (to become a social worker). 8. A young mother is having problems with her twelve-year-old boy (to seek advice or help from community social services). 9. This newly married couple is having difficulties with managing and solving conflicts (to seek help from family psychologists). 10. Casey, a 24-year-old Caucasian woman, is experiencing anxiety and depression that she attributes to problems in her current relationship. She and her partner have been having an increasing number of arguments recently, typically about Casey's behavior when they go out and about Casey’s drinking too much (to seek counseling for her problems). 11. Robert is a 32-year-old businessman who was involved in a car accident on his way home after having a couple of drinks at the local bar (to be interviewed by a social worker). 12. The clinical psychologist is taking out her notebook (to record the interview with the patient in the notes). 13. The social worker has scheduled some home visits for today (to pay a visit to the family where violence is practiced against children). 14. They are participating in a family group therapy (to be instructed by a clinical psychologist about the therapy). 15. Recently an elderly person was admitted to the general hospital with a physical condition. It became clear that the man had been neglected in the family home. (to call in social workers).

Task 14. Translate the sentences from Russian into English:

1. Я собираюсь провести оценку всех факторов, влияющих на состояние моего клиента. 2. Я собираюсь побеседовать с родственниками моего клиента на следующей неделе. 3. У меня нет намерения обсуждать эти данные с вами. 4. Я намерена направить вас к другому медицинскому специалисту. 5. Мы собираемся принять участие в этой конференции. 6. Мы собираемся сравнить эффективность индивидуальной терапии и групповой. 7. Какие методы работы вы собираетесь использовать в отношении этого клиента?. 8. В своем докладе я выделю проблемы актуальные для клинической психологии. 9. Сегодня мы собираемся обсудить тему «Эмоциональный стресс». 10. В настоящее время вы испытываете какие-либо проблемы со сном? 11. Я собираюсь провести оценку психоэмоционального состояния этого ребенка. 12. Какую проблему ты собираешься обсудить на форуме? 13. Ты собираешься задать этот вопрос в группе на групповой терапии? 14. Профессор собирается прочесть лекцию о вреде и влиянии стресса на психоэмоциональное и физическое состояние человека. 15. Вы собираетесь обратиться в специализированную социальную службу по поводу сложной ситуации, в которой вы оказались?