Quantifiers: few, a few, little, a little, many, much, a lot of, plenty of

Наречия few(мало), a few (несколько), many (много) используются с исчисляемыми существительными. Наречия little (мало), a little (немного, некоторое количество), much (много) используются с неисчисляемыми существительными. Наречия a lot of, plenty of (много) применяются как с исчисляемыми, так и неисчисляемыми существительными.

Task 10. Change the sentences according to the pattern. Use too much or too many in your sentences:

You have a lot of mistakes in your test. You have too many mistakes in your test. b) This report may take a great deal of time. This report may take too much time.

1. There are plenty of things in my bag.

2. There are a great number of courses to be covered in the first year.

3. There is a lot of information in this textbook.

4. You mustn’t smoke such a lot of cigarettes.

5. I usually have a lot of sugar in my coffee.

6. There is a lot of time left.

7. There is plenty of room for all the students in this lecture hall.

8. There is a good deal of time to prepare for the exam.

9. There are such a lot of questions to you.

Task 11. Answer the following questions with No, only a little/No, only a few, as required:

Are there many more people to come? – No, only a few. b) Is there much paper in the printer? – No, only a little.

1. Have you got many questions to ask?

2. Must they learn many rules for today?

3. Are there many career opportunities for social workers/clinical psychologists?

4. Have you got much time to read for the test?

5. Are there many elective courses at the faculty of social studies and clinical psychology?

6. Is there much information about career opportunities for social workers in the Internet?

7. Is there much furniture in this lecture room?

8. Are there many social work vacancies available in your city?

9. Did you have to do a lot of homework for today?

10. Are there many methods of communication in a scientific community?

Task 12. Choose the proper word. Sometimes there may be more than one answer:

1. … money is spent on health care. 2. … people speak English. 3. I have so ... work to do. 4. Very … old people live alone. 5. There are too … mistakes in your exercises. 6. There were … people at the meeting. 7. There are … vacant seats here. 8. Will there be … participants at the conference? 9. How … time do you need? 10. Hurry up! I have … time. 11. There are only … tickets left. 12. Do you have … time? 13. Do you have … minutes? 14. He knows … French words. 15. We had so … information about him.

Prepositions of time: at, in, on

Study the following examples:

at	the end/the beginning of… weekend present/the moment night rest the time of the onset of the disease the age of rush hour
in	1998 July/October, etc. spring/summer/autumn/winter the morning/the afternoon/the evening the early/the late 30s the twentieth century in two weeks
on	Monday/Tuesday, etc. holidays the 1st of July a cold winter day

Prepositions of place: at, in, on

at	a party/ a conference/a meeting/school/college/ the doctor’s/the dentist’s home/work the corner of
in	a ward/ hospital class the centre of/the middle of the corner of
on	the list duty the right/the left

Task 13. Fill in the proper preposition where necessary:

1. My name is not ... the list of those with a very high excellence rating. 2. ... what time does the seminar start? 3. ... the moment I came the doctor wasn't ... . 4. I left home for the University … 7.20 a.m. 5. He presented a very interesting report ... the conference. 6. The essay will be ready ... a few days. 7. They didn't know much about the anatomy of the human body ... the time of Galen. 8. 12. They met ... a rainy day ... September. 9. This theory was very popular ... the early 1990s. 10. I will graduate from the university ... the age of 23. 11. ... present there are many more areas of life where a clinical psychologist can help. 12. An academic year starts ... the 1^st of September. 13. He ran away from home … the age of 12. 14. In 2011 I started a social work training program and expect to finish it in 2015. 15. Who is … duty today? Could you please clean the blackboard? 16. … the early 1900's, the social work movement in America created many programs and services that we largely take for granted today. 17. Dr. Richard Cabot, a senior physician at Mass General, hired the first social worker … 1905 to provide social work services … the outpatient clinics.

Reading and Speech Practice

Task 14. Before you read the text share with your partner your ideas of available courses and degrees in clinical psychology in Russia, admission requirements, duration of these courses, their syllabi, and forms of academic process.

Task 15. Read the text below and say which of the issues from Task 14 are discussed in it and what paragraphs provide information on them. What other issues are covered in the text?

Training of Clinical Psychologists in Russia

There are a lot of medical educational establishments in our country ranging from a medical college, institute or academy to a medical university. They differ in the number of faculties, courses and teaching facilities but their structure, application requirements and the curriculum are much alike.

Those who want to enter a medical university should have considerable (if not outstanding) academic achievements at school reflected in the universal state exam results. An applicant has to gain a high score in such subjects as biology, chemistry and Russian. The applicants whose score is the highest become university students.

First-year students have to get used to a new mode and pace of life. Some students live at hostels, others rent rooms or flats. Local residents live with their parents and relatives.

A course of study varies from four to six years. Those who seek for a bachelor’s agree (prospective social workers) do a 4-year course. The future dentists, pharmacists and clinical psychologists study for 5 years while the future therapeutists (Amer. – therapists) and pediatricians study for 6 years. The courses are mainly full-time but there are also part-time courses (the one for pharmacists).

The structure of a higher educational establishment is similar for all the universities. A university is headed by a rector and pro-rectors. A dean and a deputy dean are at the head of a faculty. University courses are delivered by various departments. A head of the department (mainly a professor) is in charge of the department. The staff of a department includes professors, assistant professors, senior lecturers, and instructors. Post-graduate students participate in the research work of the department.

The most common forms of teaching process are lectures, practical classes, laboratory works, tutorials, case studies and on-the-job training. The most hard-working and enthusiastic students join scientific societies.

At the end of each term (academic year) students’ performance is evaluated by means of credit tests and exams. In their last year students take State Examinations and get a diploma. After that they can either get a job based on qualifications obtained or apply for a post-diploma course.

Professional training of clinical psychologists is currently provided in a number of higher education institutions all over Russia. Graduates are qualified as specialists in clinical psychology. The course takes five and a half years to complete.

The syllabus of the course includes a number of subjects such as humanities, social sciences, mathematics, general psychology, animal psychology and some others which are studied in junior years. While doing professionally oriented courses in senior years students find out/learn about legal, economic, methodological aspects of clinical psychology. They also have practice placements to gain required experience and learning in practice settings.

Task 16. Say which of the sentences are true/false. Correct the false sentences.

1. Nowadays all applicants have to sit for entrance examinations to be admitted to a higher medical school. 2. Students do professionally oriented courses in junior years. 3. There are two major degrees granted in clinical psychology in Russia – Bachelor in Clinical Psychology, and Specialist in Clinical Psychology. 4. There are many higher education institutions providing professional training in clinical psychology. 5. Training in clinical psychology provided by Russian higher schools is purely theoretical. 6. Clinical psychology graduates can continue their education by doing post-diploma courses. 7. The syllabus of a clinical psychology course includes only general and animal psychology. 8. Applicants are admitted to a higher school on a competitive basis.

Task 17. Answer the questions to the text.

1. What do medical universities differ in? 2. What subjects does an applicant have to gain a high score in to become a student of clinical psychology? 3. How long does a clinical psychology course last? 4. Who is your university headed by? 5. Who is the dean of your faculty? 6. Who is in charge of a university department? 7. What staff members does each department include? 7. What forms of reaching process do you know? 8. How is students’ performance evaluated? 9. What subjects does the clinical psychology course include? 10. Why do students have practice placements?

Task 18. Match the English and Russian equivalents.

1. curriculum	A учебная программа
2. applicant	B. заочное обучение
3. department	C. бакалавр
4. full-time course	D. академическая успеваемость
5. part-time course	E. требования для поступления (к поступающим)
6. application requirements	F. зачет
7. academic achievements/performance	G. учебный план
8. bachelor	H. очное обучение
9. credit test	J. абитуриент
10. syllabus	K. кафедра

Key: 1G; 2J; 3K; 4H; 5B; 6E; 7D; 8C; 9F; 10A.

Task 19. Pick out from the text all the verbs which name the teaching staff positions.

1. Arrange them from the highest to the lowest.

2. Say what each of them is in charge of. Use the patterns:

The rector is charge of/responsible for V + ing... .

Task 20. Match the academic form with their descriptions. Give Russian equivalents to the words provided:

1. A lecture	A. an academic form intended to provide evidence for theoretical conclusions by using laboratory equipment
2. A practical class	B. an oral presentation intended to teach people about a particular subject by a university teacher
3. A practice placement	B. training taking place in a normal working situation, using the actual equipment, documents or materials that trainees will use when fully trained.
4. A laboratory work	C. a small class of only a few students, in which the tutor gives individual attention to students.
5. A case study	D. an academic form aiming to clarify theoretical issues and develop practical skills;
6. A tutorial	E. practical training provided in occupational settings
7. On-the job training	F. analysis of persons, events or other phenomena within their real-life context

Key: 1B; 2D; 3E; 4A; 5F; 6C; 7B;

Task 21. A. Find the information about the departments providing courses at your faculty at your university website. Describe their teaching stuff and the courses provided.

B. Use the description of the Department for Modern Languages with a Course of Latin as an example.

• The staff of the Department for Modern Languages with a Course of Latin includes 1 professor, 4 assistant professors, 9 senior lectures and 12 instructors.

• They deliver courses in Latin and modern languages to first-year students.

• They also provide training in modern languages in the second year.

Task 22. A. Study the word-combinations below.

To give, deliver, offer, provide classes in…;

To deliver, provide, give present lectures on… .

B. Use the information from your university website to describe which lectures and practical classes are provided to you in the first year. Use the patterns

The Department for Modern languages offers practical classes in Latin in the second term. It also gives classes in modern languages in the first and second terms.

Task 23. Describe what things first-year students have to adapt to. Use the pattern as well as the prompts below:

First-year students have to get used to… .

Prompts: new mode and pace of live; new social environment; new daily routine; new academic requirements; new dress code; new academic facilities; new extracurricular activities.

Task 24 .Fill in prepositions if necessary.

1. Applicants who want to enter … a medical university should have considerable (academic achievements at school. 2. I am a first-year student and I have to get used … living in a hostel. 3. As I was seeking … a master’s degree, I had to do a 6-year course. 4. Who is currently … head of your faculty? 5. Next year I will participate … research which is carried out by the department of general psychology. 6. Students do courses … modern languages … first and second years of study.7. … end of each term students have to sit for exams. 8. I am going to apply … a post-graduate course if I graduate from the university with honours. 9. Students can develop practical skills … practice settings.

Key. 1. -; 2. to; 3. for; 4. at; 5. in; 6. in, in; 7. at; 8. for; 9. in.

Task 25. Translate the sentences below from Russian into English.

1. Чем отличаются медицинские учебные заведения в России? 2. Мне нужно набрать высокие баллы по русскому языку и биологии, чтобы поступить в медицинский вуз. 3. Будущие клинические психологи учатся 5,5 лет.4. На каких факультетах есть заочная форма обучения в вашем университете? 5. Моя сестра и я очень похожи. 6. Какая кафедра читает лекции по зоопсихологии? 7. На каком курсе студенты проходят производственную практику? 8. Как часто студенты сдают экзамены? 9. Какие предметы включает учебный план по клинической психологии на первом курсе? 10. На старших курсах студенты узнают о правовых, методологических и экономических аспектах клинической психологии.

Key: 1. What do medical educational establishments differ in? 2. I have to gain a high score in Russian and biology to enter a higher medical educational institution. 3. Future clinical psychologists study for five and a half years. 4. Which faculties offer part-time courses at your university? 5. My sister and I are very much alike. 6. Which department delivers lectures in animal psychology? 7. In what year do students have practice placements? 8. How often do students sit for exams? 9. What subjects does the first-year clinical psychology syllabus include? 10. In senior years students find out/learn about legal, economic, methodological aspects of clinical psychology.

Task 26. Make up a dialogue to discuss the training of clinical psychologists in Russia.

UNIT 3

Your Medical University

Grammar: The Verb to have

Существует три основных употребления глагола to have.

1. В первом случае он используется для сообщения о наличии какого-либо предмета, объекта и имеет значение «иметь, обладать», например: I have/have got many English books. В данном случае в отрицательных предложениях и при постановке вопросов не используется дополнительный вспомогательный глагол, например: I haven’t/haven’t got any English books. Have you/Have you got any English books?

2. Во втором употреблении глагол to have в сочетании с некоторыми существительными (class, lesson, shower, dinner, lunch, breakfast, rest и т.д.) утрачивает свое первоначальное значение «иметь, обладать» и приобретает значение, обусловленное существительным, с которым он сочетается, например: I have classes in the morning – У меня занятие утром.

В данном случае глагол to have используется как обычный глагол и может употребляться во временах групп Simple, Continuous и Perfect.

3. В третьем случае глагол to have употребляется в модальном значении и переводится как «должен, вынуждении, приходится». В этом случае за ним всегда следует другой глагол в инфинитиве с частицей to, например: I have work hard to do well in the exams.

В настоящем времени в отрицательных предложениях и вопросах в предложениях данного типа используется вспомогательный глагол do, например: I do not (don’t) have to resit my English exam. Do you have to sit your English exam tomorrow?

В прошедшем времени в отрицательных предложениях и вопросах в предложениях данного типа используется вспомогательный глагол did, например: I did not (didn’t) have to resit my English exam last year. Did you have to sit your English exam last week?

В будущем времени в отрицательных предложениях и вопросах в предложениях данного типа используется вспомогательный глагол will, например: I will not (won’t) have to resit my English exam next week. Will you have to sit your English exam next week?

Task 1. Answer the following questions using the pattern and the words suggested:

Do we have to work in the laboratory now? (No/from 1p.m. till 2p.m.) – No, we have to work in the laboratory from 1p.m. till 2p.m.

1. Do they have to write a test tomorrow? (No/the day after tomorrow)

2. Do we have to start the laboratory work now? (No/next Thursday)

3. Do I have to go to an out-patient clinic now? (No/next week)

4. Does she have to re-sit for the test right now? (No/in an hour)

5. Does he have to take this medicine once a day? (No/three times a day)

6. Do I have to make an appointment with the doctor today? (No/on Wednesday)

7. Do I have to counsel this patient now? (No/tomorrow)

8. Does she have to present her essay tomorrow? (No/today)

9. Do we have to submit our manuscripts tomorrow? (No/today)

Task 2. Give short negative answers followed by statements in which the words suggested are to be used:

Did you have to return the book yesterday? (the day before yesterday) – No, I didn’t. I had to return it the day before yesterday.

1. Did she have to explain her absence to the lecturer? (to the Dean)

2. Did you have to learn this material for today? (for the day before yesterday)

3. Did the assistant professor to deliver the lecture in the afternoon? (in the morning)

4. Did we have to attend the conference last week? (a fortnight ago)

5. Did we have to present our reports to the instructor yesterday? (on Friday)

6. Did I have to get in touch with her yesterday? (the day before yesterday)

7. Did I have to get a permission paper to make up for the classes I was absent from at the department? (in the Dean’s office)

8. Did she have to send them an e-mail on Friday? (on Thursday)

9. Did we have to call you yesterday to find out the details about our homework? (the day before yesterday)

Task 3. Express the obligation to do the following actions in the future. Use the words suggested:

I needn’t do it now. But I will have to do it tomorrow.

1. You needn’t go to the laboratory now. (in an hour)

2. You needn’t clean the blackboard now. (in a few minutes)

3. I needn’t return the book to the library today. (next week)

4. You needn’t switch on the light now. (when it gets dark)

5. You needn’t wear white gowns now. (when the class starts)

6. You needn’t copy these exercises out now. (at home)

7. She needn’t re-sit for her test today. (tomorrow)

8. He needn’t learn everything that is on pages 34-39 now. (tomorrow)

9. You needn’t go there now. (in two hours)

Task 4. Read the following sentences. Translate them, classify different meanings of the verb «to have». Make the sentences negative and interrogative:

1. I have a desire to contribute in a positive way to society. 2. She had no doubt that her profession was very important. 3. You have to try to be honest with your clients. 4. We will have three classes tomorrow. 5. I have no idea where he is. 6. Social maturity has something to do with a high degree of social skill. 7. At present we have a number of means of communication – via e-mail, telephone, skype and others. 8. He had difficulty in expressing his thoughts clearly. 9. We had the advantage of knowing the answer in advance. 10. We will have plentiful career opportunities when we graduate from the university. 11. She had to handle the stressful situation alone. 12. Her words had nothing to do with my reaction. 13. They will have a lot to do tomorrow. 14. I have to work hard to catch up with other students after my long absence. 15. She had potential to cope with stressful situations.

Task 5. Fill in the appropriate form of the verb to have (have, has, have to, has to, had, had to, will have, will have to):

1. The psychologist reported that the simple exercise … a positive impact on her condition. 2. Social workers … struggle to learn about what AIDS really is. 3. Social workers who go into medical social work in a healthcare system … many opportunities to increase their medical knowledge. 4. I couldn’t come yesterday as I … an appointment with my psychologist. 5. She … quit the college as her parents could not support her any longer. 6. A clinical psychologist … be able to find a way with his clients. 7. Students must … access to a good library. 8. You … hardly any success in your career unless you are well qualified. 9. It is important for social workers to be part of interdisciplinary team and … a network of consultants available to them. 10. This pharmacy … no wheelchair access. 11. In the final year of study we … a deep understanding of major psychological problems. 12. Many women in addiction … no role model for parenting because their mothers were addicted. 13. Postgraduate students should … all the necessary research skills. 14. This psychodynamic approach … benefits for patients with personality disorders. 15. She … do the household chores when she stayed with her aunt.

Task 6. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English:

1. Она не имела никакого отношения к их спору. 2. У вас будут трудности при сдаче экзамена по иностранному языку, так как вы пропускаете занятия. 3. Социальные работники и клинические психологи должны иметь много специальных медицинских знаний. 4. Пациенту не нужно просто следовать тому, что говорит врач, он может активно участвовать в выборе лечения. 5. У него были проблемы (трудности) с адаптацией к новой обстановке в новой школе. 6. У этого психолога прекрасные коммуникативные навыки. 7. Мне придется писать рефераты по нескольким предметам в этом семестре. 8. Какие занятия у вас по пятницам? 9. Мне не нужно переписывать контрольную, я получила «5». 10. У вас была лекция по психологии на прошлой неделе? 11. Приходилось ли тебе раньше не спать по ночам, готовясь к экзаменам? 12. У него не было выбора. Он вынужден был уйти. 13. В какое время он обычно ужинает? 14. Хорошо ли вы провели время на вечере первокурсника? 15. Имеют ли эти факты отношение к этому несчастному случаю?

Reading and Speech Practice

Task 7. Before you read the text discuss with your partner what you know about the history of your university, the courses it provides, its academic staff.

Task 8. Read the text below and say which of the issues from Task 7 are discussed in it and what paragraphs provide information on them. What other issues are covered in the text?