It is necessary for students to work hard to pass their exams.

It is useful for us to take notes of the lectures.

It is very difficult to study at a University.

Past Simple

It was obligatory for all students to attend elective courses.

It was interesting for me to attend the conference on family psychology.

It was important to revise all lecture notes before the test.

Future Simple

It will be useful to make a review of literature before writing a report.

It will be possible to make an appointment with the psychologist for next Tuesday.

It will be advisable for you to counsel a psychologist.

Task 9. Change the sentences according to the pattern:

1) We find it difficult to study at a University.

It is difficult for us to study at a University.

2) He found it easy to write the test.

It was easy for him to write the test. 3) We will find it difficult to pass the exam. It will be difficult for us to pass the exam.

1) I find it very important to help people to solve their problems.

2) They find it easy to follow the psychologist’s instructions.

3) They will find it very useful to read these books.

4) He considers it impossible to find any special information in a popular science magazine.

5) I found it interesting to meet some new people at the conference.

6) We will find it very interesting to participate in the conference.

7) We find it very important to participate in all classroom activities.

8) She finds it useful to read this book.

9) She found it difficult to put theory into practice and counsel the patient.

10) I will find it important to counsel a psychologist.

11) I find it rather useful to do morning exercises to keep fit.

12) We find it indispensable to go to the library to borrow some books or read scientific articles.

13) They considered it possible to perform this laboratory work.

Task 10. Change the following sentences according to the pattern and make them negative:

It is important for us to pass our exams. – It is important for us not to fail our exams.

1. It is obligatory for us to be in time for classes. (not be late)

2. It is indispensable for clinicians to use up-to-date equipment. (not to use out-of-date equipment)

3. It is necessary for us to attend all lectures and seminars. (not to miss)

4. It is crucial to make a correct diagnosis to the patient. (not to misdiagnose)

5. It is essential for this patient to continue the treatment. (not to discontinue)

6. It is important for him to catch the 8 o’clock train to London. (not to miss)

7. Once you start a course of treatment, it is essential to adhere to it. (not to be non-adherent to the treatment)

8. It is necessary to continue the second course of psychotherapy. (not to suspend)

9. It is very important for me to encourage my daughter to stop smoking. (not to discourage)

10. It is essential for me to avoid making the same mistake again. (not to make)

Task 11. Translate from Russian into English, using Impersonal constructions and the given suggestions:

1) Желательно (advisable) привлечь (involve) больше студентов к данному научно-исследовательскому проекту (scientific project). 2) Мне будет интересно продемонстрировать результаты моего исследования (the results of my research) в докладе (report) на конференции. 3) Важно соблюдать (to be compliant with) назначенное лечение. 4) Важно не опаздывать (be late for) на лекции. 5) Для меня важно стать квалифицированным специалистом в области клинической психологии/социальной работы. 6) Мне необходимо делать утреннюю зарядку, если я хочу быть здоровой (be healthy). 7) Мне было интересно участвовать в этом мероприятии (this event). 8) Нам было полезно проходить практику (have practical training) в реабилитационном центре (rehabilitation center). 9) Желательно использовать дополнительные источники (some additional sources) информации при подготовке доклада. 10) Нам будет полезно прослушать этот элективный курс (elective course). 11) Мне было трудно поступить в университет (enter the University). 12) Студентам, которые пропускают занятия, очень трудно написать итоговую контрольную с первой попытки (at a first attempt). 13) Посещение практических занятий и лекций является обязательным требованием (obligatory) в нашем университете. 14) Обсуждение этой проблемы с нашим преподавателем будет очень ценным (valuable/useful) для нас. 15) . Студентам важно получать глубокие знания (profound knowledge) в ходе обучения.16)Было полезно побывать (to attend) в новом реабилитационном центре.

Task 12. Fill in the appropriate form of the verb «to be». Make sentences negative and interrogative if possible:

1. There … only one faculty when Stalingrad medical institute was founded. 2. There … thirteen faculties at the university at present. 3. There … many new books in our library next year. 4. There … no one at home when I came. 5. There …something interesting in this article. 6. There …a few mistakes in your last week’s test. 7. There … hardly any vacant seats in the lecture hall yesterday. 8. I hope, there … no wars in future. 9. There … several new courses in our syllabus nowadays. 10. There … 15 students in our group. 11. There … no Internet facilities at our university in the past. 12. There … several ways to solve this problem 13. There … plentiful opportunities for us to find a good job when we graduate. 14. There … time to waste now. 15. There … something wrong with my computer so I asked my brother to handle the problem.

Pronouns

Task 13. Change the following sentences, substituting pronouns for the nouns:

The information is very reliable.

- It is very reliable.

1. His speech is really great. _______ is really great.

2. We have many questions to you. _________ are very important.

3. My sister is a student. ________ is a student.

4. This advice is quite useful. ________is quite useful.

5. These journals are available in the library. ________are available in the library.

6. This student is brilliant. – Yes, really, ________ is brilliant.

7. These students are very promising. ________ are very promising.

8. This job is very difficult. _________is very difficult.

9. John is friendly with his neighbours. ________ is friendly with his neighbours.

10. This psychologist is very experienced. ________ is very experienced.

11. This grammar material is very difficult. _______ is very difficult.

Task 14. Extend the following statements according to the pattern. Replace nouns by pronouns:

I don’t keep my notebooks on the desk. (in my drawer) I keep them in my drawer.

1. I don’t do my morning exercises after breakfast. (before breakfast)

2. My mother doesn’t cook breakfast. (myself)

3. We don’t have lunch at the University. (at home)

4. They don’t perform laboratory works at home. (in the laboratory)

5. I don’t borrow books from my friends. (from the library)

6. We don’t have lectures on Saturday. (on the other days of the week)

7. We don’t have Internet facilities at the University. (at home)

8. He doesn’t begin his work at 8. (at 9)

9. We don’t take notes in seminars. (in lectures)

10. I don’t listen to the news in the evening. (in the morning)

11. We don’t do our homework in the morning. (in the evening)

Reading and Speech Practice

Task 15. Read the name of the text below and write the questions that might be answered in it.

Task 16. Read the text below and say which of the questions you wrote in task 15 were answered in it.

My Working Day

I am a first-year student at Volgograd Medical University. I live with my parents in a flat (house) in Voroshylovsky district. (I am not a native of Volgograd, so I live in a hostel, or rent a flat).

Every day I have much interesting and important work to do. I always remember that the lost time is never gained and that is why I do not want to waste even a minute.

I get up early in the morning – at about 6 o’clock, do my morning exercises and have a cold rubdown. As I am a student of the faculty of clinical psychology and social work I consider that physical exercises are a good remedy for protecting our health against diseases.

After breakfast I get dressed and leave home. It takes me 30 minutes to get to the University by minibus. Our classes usually begin at 8.30.We have several practical classes and a lecture or two every day. It is useful to us to listen to the lectures because the professors always deliver them clearly and scientifically.

On Friday we usually have a lecture in General Psychology. Our professor is not only a very good specialist in their field of science but also a qualified teacher. He delivers lectures in his own way and provides many new and interesting facts about application of scientific findings in practice. The professor shows us that profound knowledge of this subject will be valuable in our future work.

Sometimes we attend medical encounters in hospitals or out-patient clinics to see how our colleagues put theory into practice.

After classes I go home, have lunch and take a rest. I am often tired but I understand that every day which passes by can bring me much valuable and necessary knowledge. I also work hard in laboratories and perform various laboratory works. Sometimes I go to the library where various textbooks and latest scientific articles are available. Besides, our university provides Internet facilities for students. I believe that at present Internet is a very important source of academic information and I turn to it very often

When I have free time I go to the gym or go out with my friends.

I work very hard as I want to be a highly-qualified specialist in the field of clinical psychology/social work.

Task 17. Answer the questions to the text.

1. What university do you go to? 2. What course do you do there? 3. Where is your university located? 4. Where do you live? 5. Do you live in your own flat or do you rent it? 6. What hostel do you live with? 7. Who do you share a room with? 8. Do you lead a hectic life at present? Why? 9. What time do you get up? 10. What do you do after you get up? 11. Do you do morning exercises? Why. 12. What time do you usually have breakfast? 13. What do you normally have for breakfast? 14. How do you get to the university? 15. How long does it take you to get there? 16. What time do your classes begin? 17. How many lectures and practical classes do you have a day? 18. What are your lectures like? 19. What classes do you have on Wednesday? 20. Who delivers lectures to you? 21. What other subjects/courses do you do? 22. In what year are you at present? 23. What subjects are most difficult? 24. Is profound knowledge of English valuable for your future work? 25. How can you apply it? 26. What do you do after classes? 27. Where do you go after classes? 28. Where can you get textbooks and scientific articles? 29. Does the university provide Internet facilities for its students? 30. What are the most important sources of academic information? 31. How often do you go out with friends? 32. Where do you usually go with your friends? 33. What do you do to become a highly-qualified specialist in the field of clinical psychology/social work?

Task 18.

A. Use the notes from Jane’s diary to speak about her daily routine.

7 a.m.	Waking up, morning exercises, a shower
7.30 a.m.	Breakfast
8.00 a.m.	Leaving home
8.30 a. m.	First class
1.00 p. m.	Lunch time
2.00 p.m.	Last lecture
4.00 p.m.	Going to the university library
6.00 p.m.	Getting home
6.15 p.m.	Dinner time
7.00 p.m.	Reading for classes
9.00 p.m.	Going for a walk
10.30 p.m.	Watching TV
11.30 p.m.	Going to bed

B. Make similar notes about yourself.

C. Speak about your daily routine using your notes.

UNIT 2

Training of Clinical Psychologists in Russia

Grammar

There is/are/was/were/will be

Конструкции there is/are/was/were/will be используются для первичного сообщения о наличии/существовании каких-либо предметов, объектов, лиц в некоторых пространственных пределах (There are a variety of different rehabilitation centers, rehabilitation services and rehab facilities.) в отличие от предложений типа (The drug rehabilitation center is on the second floor of this building.), в которых уточняется локализация определенных предметов, объектов, лиц, о которых заранее известно говорящему. Грамматическое согласование в конструкциях there is/are/was/were/will be осуществляется по первому существительному, который следует за формой глагола to be: There are many indoor and outdoor activities and a swimming-pool that are provided by the University. There is a swimming-pool and many other indoor and outdoor activities that are provided by the University.

Task 1. Extend the statements using the words suggested:

There is a laptop on the desk. (some papers) – There is a laptop and some papers on the desk as well. There are some papers on the desk. (a laptop) – There is a laptop there as well.

1. There is a photo on the writing-desk. (some books)

2. There is a teacher in the classroom. (many students)

3. There are many articles in this issue. (some reviews)

4. There will be some new subjects in the syllabus next year. (a few new elective courses)

5. There were some grammar mistakes in my test. (one spelling mistake)

6. There are many books in the library. (a lot of academic journals)

7. There is a notebook on my desk. (a textbook)

8. There will be there examinations at the end of the spring semester. (a number of credits)

9. There are many team sports in the center. (a number of individual activities)

10. There is a medical University in Volgograd. (some medical colleges)

11. There was one professor in the staff of the department. (a number of assistant professors, senior lecturers and instructors)

12. There are many elective courses provided by the University. (degree programs)

13. There are a lot of full-time students in the University. (some part-time students)

14) There are a number of core courses covered in the first year. (a number of social sciences and humanities)

Task 2. Extend the statements according to the pattern. Use the words suggested:

There is a pen on the desk. (black) It’s black. There are some papers in the bag. (important) They are important. c) There was a lot of sun yesterday. (nice) It was nice. d) There were a lot of people at the meeting yesterday. (noisy) They were noisy. e) There will be snow falling tomorrow. (freezing) It will be freezing.

1. There is a wastepaper basket in the corner. (empty)

2. There are some flowers on the window-sill in the classroom. (green)

3. There were some differences in the patient’s lab test results. (significant)

4. In future there will be even more opportunities to read books online for free. (useful)

5. There is a window in the classroom. (quite big)

6. There are some articles in the journal. (interesting)

7. There was a staff meeting yesterday. (productive)

8. There will be some new professionally-oriented subjects in our syllabus next year. (important)

9. There are some posters on the walls. (informative)

10. There is a sports-ground behind the University building. (quite large)

Task 3. Extend the statements according to the patterns. Use the negative constructions in the second part of the sentences:

There are some notebooks on the desk. (textbooks) There aren’t any textbooks there. b) There is a poster there. (picture) There isn’t a picture there. c) There were some questions at the end of the chapter. (other tasks) There weren’t any other tasks there.

1. There are some illustrations on this page. (graphs)

2. There is a table in the textbook. (illustration)

3. There were some explanations in the textbook. (questions)

4. There are some patients in the waiting-room. (doctors)

5. There is an alcohol abuse rehabilitation center in the neighbourhood. (addiction rehabilitation center)

6. There were a lot of small tests throughout the semester. (concluding tests)

7. There are some social sciences and humanities in the first year. (professionally-oriented/core courses)

8. There are full-time courses in the University. (part-time courses)

9. There were some computers in the computer class. (printer)

10. There is reading-room within the University library. (computer library center)

Task 4. Ask questions according to the pattern and give short answers:

There is some chalk here. (duster) – Is there any duster here? – Yes, there is one. (No, there isn’t one) b) There is a dictionary on my desk. (pens and pencils) –Are there any pens and pencils there? – Yes, there are some. (No, there aren’t any)

1. There are plenty of grammar mistakes in my English test. (spelling mistakes)

2. There is some chalk in the box. (paper)

3. There is a lot of information in the textbook. (grammar appendix)

4. There are a lot of patients in the waiting-room. (children)

5. There are some references at the end of the article. (acknowledgements)

6. There are a lot of complex situations in social work practice. (simple cases)

7. There is a flipchart in the lecture room. (DVD player)

8. There are a lot of conference participants. (conference attendees)

9. There is an explanation at the bottom of the page. (rule)

Task 5. Study the following examples and translate the following sentences from Russian into English:

1. Impersonal «it» When to use it Examples Talking about weather It’s raining. It’s cold. It was sunny yesterday. Identifying something «Who is it?» «It’s me.» «What is it?» «It’s a blackboard.» Talking about time «What time is it?» «It’s five o’clock.» «What day is it?» «It’s Thursday.» Talking about distance «How far is it from your house to your work?» «It’s a five-minute walk.» 2. Impersonal «there» Impersonal «there» is used to say that something exists in a particular place: Singular There is a book on desk. Plural There are some books on the desk.

Task 6. Change the sentences according to the pattern:

There was a lot of sun in the afternoon. It was sunny in the afternoon.

1. There was a heavy frost last night.

2. There was a sharp wind yesterday.

3. There were many clouds in the sky in the morning.

4. There is a chill in the air today.

5. There was much rain in summer last year.

6. There is much dust on the road.

7. There was thick fog on Monday.

8. There was much snow last winter.

Task 7. Choose it or there:

1. … was a pleasure for me to attend this professor’s lecture. 2. … was a course of clinical psychology that I finally chose. 3. … is a new student in our group. 4. … is only one name on this list. 5…. was necessary to pass a few concluding tests to pass the credit. 6. … is a medical college within our university. 7. … is no point in re-sitting for the test I failed, I still have to read for it. 8. … was something strange about his appearance. 9. … is a requirement to come to classes on time. 10. … is a rule to greet the teacher at the beginning of each class.

Task 8. Answer the following questions:

1. Is there any useful information in your textbooks? 2. Will there be any new students in your group next year? 3. Were there any mistakes in your last English test? 4. How many students are there in your group? 5. How many desks are there in the classroom? 6. Is there a blackboard in the classroom? 7. Are there any elective courses provided by the University in the first/second year? 8. Are there any scientific societies in psychology at the University? 9. What sports facilities are there at the University? 10. How many faculties are there in your University? 11. How many students are there at the medical University? 12. Was there the faculty of social studies and clinical psychology when the Stalingrad medical Institute was founded in 1935? 13. Is there any alcohol abuse and addiction rehabilitation centers in the place you live? 14. What types of social work are there? 15. What types of practitioner psychologists are there?

Task 9. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English using there is/are/was/were/will be:

1. В нашем районе много социальных служб (social service center). 2. Есть ли на кафедре свободные аудитории сейчас? 3. В настоящее время в университете обучается около 6000 студентов. 4. В компьютерном классе есть несколько новых компьютеров. 5. В следующем году в нашем университете будет еще один новый факультет. 6. Существует ряд требований (requirement) для тех, кто хочет в дальнейшем заниматься научной работой. 7. Есть несколько способов повышения рейтинговых баллов (improve students’ excellence rating). 8. Существует различие (difference) между клиническим психологом и психиатром. 9. В нашей стране огромное количество медицинских учебных заведений. 10. Имеются различные программы подготовки социальных работников (social work training programs) в нашей стране.