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Файл:Организационно-правовые основы регулирования миграционных процессов. Административно-правовой аспект. Монография
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Vgel_ jc[l^ejdi^PelQ _^gcdj j jM ]l^NelcdeUM ^jJ, laVgel_
\icdelVl cg\lY[ag_^iejW, eg [ai][ajWdjWM agT^jKelQ Cla\U
clScd_ieelcdj, _ Ji^WM YZai[^iejW cdgSj^PeUM VagN]gecZjM ldelDiejQ _ lSGicd_i, [l_UDiejW eg]iNelcdj j ?CCiZdj_elcdj
]iWdi^Pelcdj VlcY]gacd_g, g dgZNi clS^H]iejW ]jcJj[^jeU j
[ag_l[laW]Zg.
: YTZl\ c\Uc^i [l] lSGicd_ieeU\ Zledal^i\ _ cCiai \jVagJjj
c^i]Yid [lej\gdP [alJicc _lT]iQcd_jW egci^iejW eg laVgeU jc[l^ejdi^PelQ _^gcdj j Y[ag_^iejW _ Ji^WM ZgKicd_ieelVl lSic[iKiejW
cl cdlaleU [lc^i]ejM c_ljM lSWTgdi^Pcd_ [iai] lSGicd_l\. =aj ?dl\
_icP c[iZda _lT\lNeUM ]iQcd_jQ [l aig^jTgJjj lSGicd_ieelVl Zledal^W \lNid SUdP [ai]cdg_^ie ]_Y\W clcdg_^WHGj\j: \elVlcdlaleeiQ cjcdi\lQ [lcdlWeelVl lSGicd_ieelVl \lejdlajeVg (egS^H]iejW); gZdj_eU\j ]iQcd_jW\j [l [ai]Y[aiN]iejH j YcdageiejH _UW_^ieeUM ldZ^leiejQ.
§§4. !]\jejcdagdj_el-[ag_l_Ui gc[iZdU l[ai]i^iejW
Ji^iQ j [ajlajdidl_ ]iWdi^Pelcdj B<A Flccjj _ cjcdi\i
jecdjdYdl_ VlcY]gacd_g j VagN]gecZlVl lSGicd_g
AdagdiVjW j cdagdiVjKicZli [^gejal_geji — eild0i\^i\UQ ?^i-
\ied g]\jejcdagdj_elVl Y[ag_^iejW j ]iWdi^Pelcdj ^HSlVl laVgeg
VlcY]gacd_ieelQ _^gcdj, _Z^HKgW j \jVagJjleeYH c^YNSY. dl cl_lZY[elcdP _Tgj\llSYc^l_^ieeUM _eYdaieejM [lZgTgdi^iQ, l[ai]i^WHGjM MgagZdia j cl]iaNgeji ]iWdi^Pelcdj _ ZagdZlcalKelQ, cai]eicalKelQ j ]l^VlcalKelQ [iac[iZdj_i. <jVagJjleeUi cdagdiVjj j
[^gejal_geji eiagTaU_el c_WTgeU c [lTjJjlejal_geji\ Bi]iag^PelQ \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU _ cjcdi\i
cd_g. 7ej ]i\lecdajaYHd lSGicd_ieeYH, [l^jdjKicZYH j JieelcdeYH
al^P laVgel_ \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU. =lcai]cd_l\ ejM ]gHdcW ld_idU
eg _l[alcU, Kdl dgZli \jVagJjleegW c^YNSg, Ki\ leg Tgej\gidcW, ZgZl_U ii al^P j egTegKieji _ lSGicd_i j d.[.
AdagdiVjKicZli [^gejal_geji ZgZ Cla\Y^jal_geji [l^jdjZl-
[ag_l_UM j lSGicd_ieeUM lajiedjal_ j\iid ]_g Yal_eW:
1) l[ai]i^ieji
(\jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU _ Ji^l\ j ld]i^PeUM ii [l]agT]i^iejQ _ Kgcd-
elcdj) _ Tg]geeUQ [iajl] _ai\iej — \jal_lTTaieKicZjQ j^j lSGicd_ieel-[l^jdjKicZjQ Yal_ieP;
2) dagecCla\gJjW ]geelVl ClZYcg _ ela\gdj_el-[ag_l_YH j [aj-
Z^g]eYH Cla\U (cdagdiVjj, jejJjgdj_U, [aliZdU, [alVag\\U, cl-
ClZYcg (lajiedjag) \jVagJjleelQ ]iWdi^Pelcdj
jecdjdYdl_ VagN]gecZlVl lSGi-
51
]iaNgGji ZleZaideUi [lZgTgdi^j) — [ajZ^g]elQ j^j ela\gdj_el[ag_l_lQ Yal_ieP.
dj lajiedjaU lS^iZgHdcW _ [YS^jKeYH Cla\Y, egKjegW c \l\iedg
agTagSldZj j ZleKgW jc[l^eieji\. =YS^jKegW (g]\jejcdagdj_el-[ag_l_gW) clcdg_^WHGgW, dgZj\ lSagTl\, _UcdY[gid _ ZgKicd_i cYGelcdelQ
KiadU cdagdiVjQ ZgZ lSGicd_ieel-[l^jdjKicZjM lajiedjal_.
:gNel [l]KiaZeYdP, Kdl [l^jdjZl-[ag_l_Ui lajiedjaU ]iWdi^P-
elcdj B<A Flccjj [ia_jKeU [l ldelDiejH Z
cdagdiVjW\ j [^gejal_gejH ZgZ ?^i\iedY g]\jejcdagdj_el-[ag_l_lVl aiVY^jal_gejW.
.gZ c^i]cd_ji, g]\jejcdagdj_el-[ag_l_gW ]iWdi^PelcdP lcel_U_gidcW eg lSGicd_ieel-[l^jdjKicZjM lajiedjagM, cCla\Y^jal_geeUM
[l^jdjKicZj\ aYZl_l]cd_l\ cdageU, Zldlali, _ c_lH lKiai]P, egMl]jdcW [l] \lGeU\ ]g_^ieji\ j Zledal^i\ jecdjdYdl_ VagN]gecZlVl
lSGicd_g j VagN]ge.
AdagdiVjKicZli [^gejal_geji ZgZ cl_lZY[elcdP lSGicd_ieel-
[l^jdjKicZjM lajiedjal_ j Ji^iQ ]iWdi^Pelcdj B<A
Flccjj — \g^lTegZl\UQ gdajSYd \jVagJjleelQ ]iWdi^Pelcdj ]^W alccjQcZlQ
[agZdjZj. $cMl]W jT gZdYg^Pelcdj ]geelVl _l[alcg ]^W FlccjQcZlQ
Bi]iagJjj, g dgZNi g]\jejcdagdj_el-[ag_l_lQ c[iJjCjZj jcc^i]l_gejW, cdagdiVjKicZli [^gejal_geji j cdagdiVjj _ cCiai \jVagJjj SY]Yd agcc\ldaieU jcZ^HKjdi^Pel ZgZ cl_lZY[elcdP lSGicd_ieel-[l^jdjKicZjM lajiedjal_.
7SlSGieeUQ geg^jT [^gejal_gejW ZgZ cjcdi\U [l^jdjZl-[ag-
_l_UM j lSGicd_ieeUM lajiedjal_
[lT_l^Wid _U]i^jdP eicZl^PZl
lcel_eUM ?^i\iedl_ (KgcdiQ), _Tgj\lc_WTgeeUM j lSagTYHGjM i]jeli Ji^li.
=ia_UQ ?^i\ied — ZagdZli, i\Zli, [leWdeli j KidZli l[ai]i^ieji _i]l\cd_g, lcYGicd_^WHGiVl cdagdiVjKicZli Y[ag_^ieji \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSlQ, g dgZNi YKgcd_YHGiVl _ cjcdi\i lSGicd_ieelVl
Zledal^W.
:dlalQ ?^i\ied — lCla\^ieeli ]lZY\iedg^Pel TgW_^ieji l eg\iaiejWM, Ji^WM j Tg]gKgM ]iWdi^Pelcdj \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU. BgZdjKicZj
aiKP j]id l [YS^jKel\ lSWTgdi^Pcd_i \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU
[iai] lSGicd_l\, Zldlali leg lSiGgid _U[l^ejdP _ diKieji Ycdgel_^ieelVl _ai\iej.
=ajeJj[U ]iWdi^Pelcdj \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU:
6 agSldgdP cl_\icdel c VagN]geg\j j Vlal]cZj\j j ci^PcZj\ [l-
ci^iejW\j [l clT]gejH SiTl[gcelVl, c[ag_i]^j_lVl j dia[j\lVl
lSGicd_g ]^W _ciM;
6 [l]]iaNj_gdP j \lSj^jTl_U_gdP laVgeU \icdelVl cg\lY[ag_-
^iejW, l[jagWcP eg
gZdj_elcdP VagN]ge, KdlSU lej \lV^j Y^YK-
52
DgdP ]iWdi^PelcdP \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU _ Kgcdj lSic[iKiejW
c[lZlQcd_jW VagN]ge _ ]l\gM j lSGicd_ieeUM \icdgM;
6 [ai]lcdg_^WdP aYZl_l]cd_l \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU ld_idcd_ie-
eU\ ^jJg\, egj^YKDj\ lSagTl\ jc[l^PTl_gdP j\iHGjicW aicYacU, agT_j_gdP [gadeiacd_l.
%g]gKg [ia_lVl j _dlalVl ?^i\iedl_ \jVagJjleelVl cdagdiVjKicZlVl [^gejal_gejW — cCla\Y^jal_gdP j TgZai[jdP ld^jKjdi^PeUi
lclSieelcdj \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU _ lSGicd_ieel\ clTegejj, [lZg-
[agZdjKicZli TegKieji ]^W lSGicd_g. 7clTegeeli KY_cd_l [l^P-
TgdP ii
TU — \lGeiQDjQ [lSY]jdi^PeUQ jecdaY\ied, [leYN]gHGjQ egci^ieji [l^lNjdi^Pel ldelcjdPcW Z \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSi ZgZ Z laVgejTgJjj _ Ji^l\, dgZ j Z ld]i^PeU\ ii cldaY]ejZg\. =l\lVgW \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSi, VagN]gei [l^YKgHd aig^PeYH j lcWTgi\YH _UVl]Y ]^W ciSW
_ _j]i «SiTl[gcelVl, c[ag_i]^j_lVl j dia[j\lVl lSGicd_g».
aidjQ
?^i\ied cYGicd_ieeU\ lSagTl\ ld^jKgidcW ld [ai]U]YGjM.
7e j\iid ela\gdj_eli TgZai[^ieji j, c^i]l_gdi^Pel, lajiedjal_ge
eg ZleZaideYH [agZdjKicZYH ]iWdi^PelcdP c^YNS j [l]agT]i^iejQ
B<A Flccjj, g dgZNi eg laVgeU VlcY]gacd_ieelQ _^gcdj, YKgcd_YHGji _ [alJicci lSic[iKiejW SiTl[gcelcdj _ cCiai \jVagJjj. :ci ]lZY\iedU, ldelcWGjicW Z ]geel\Y Yal_eH, cl]iaNgd KidZji [lZgTgdi^j,
c_WTgeeUi c agSldlQ \jVagJjleelQ
c^YNSU.
AdagdiVjW [ai]cdg_^Wid clSlQ ela\gdj_eUQ [ag_l_lQ gZd, cl]iaNgGjQ _ ciSi Zl\[^iZc lSWTgdi^PeUM \ial[ajWdjQ, aig^jTgJjW ZldlaUM eg[ag_^ieg eg ]lcdjNieji lCjJjg^Pel TgW_^ieeUM Ji^iQ j eg\iaiejQ, d.i. [agZdjKicZli _l[^lGieji [ia_lVl j _dlalVl Yal_eiQ.
: Tg_jcj\lcdj ld Haj]jKicZlQ cj^U, c^i]Yid agT^jKgdP _j]U
cdagdiVjQ: lSGiegJjleg^PeUi — [ajeWdU _UcDj\ [ai]cdg_jdi^PeU\ laVgel\ cdageU; aiVjleg^PeUi —
[ajeWdU aiVjleg^PeU\ [ai]cdg_jdi^PeU\ laVgel\; \YejJj[g^PeUi (^lZg^PeUi, \icdeUi),
agTagSldgeeUi j [ajeWdUi eg Yal_ei \icdelVl cg\lY[ag_^iejW; _i]l\cd_ieeUi cdagdiVjj — [ajeWdU [l]agT]i^iejW\j \jVagJjleeUM
1
laVgel_
.
=l [ai]\idY [ag_l_lVl aiVY^jal_gejW cdagdiVjj [l]agT]i^WHdcW
eg: Zl\[^iZceUi — lM_gdU_gHd _icP Zl\[^iZc \jVagJjleeUM [alS^i\; di\gdjKicZji, j^j c[iJjg^jTjal_geeUi — cl]iaNgd Zl\[^iZc \ial[ajWdjQ, [lc_WGieeUM dl^PZl l]elQ [alS^i\i. : Tg_jcj\lcdj ld
calZl_ ]iQcd_jW: ]l^VlcalKeUi — ld daiM ]l ]icWdj ^id; cai]eicalKeUi — [l^Ydlag ]l daiM ^id; ZagdZlcalKeUi — ]l [l^Ydlag ^id.
1
!cdg[ieZl =.*.
_al[iQcZlVl AlHTg j FlccjQcZlQ Bi]iagJjj: "jc. … ]lZd. Haj]. egYZ. <., 2009. A. 127.
.lecdjdYJjleel-[ag_l_Ui lcel_U ]iWdi^Pelcdj [l^jJjj (\j^jJjj) cdage
53
A^i]Yid [l]KiaZeYdP, Kdl laVgel\, ld_idcd_ieeU\ Tg \lejdlajeV j aig^jTgJjH cdagdiVjj, \lNid W_^WdPcW laVge \jVagJjleelQ
c^YNSU. .gZ [ag_j^l, _ ZgKicd_i dgZl_lVl _UcdY[gid ^jSl laVge VlcY]gacd_ieelQ _^gcdj, ^jSl Zl\jccjj, cl_idU j d.]., c[iJjg^Pel clT]geeUi ]^W ?dlVl.
:gNeUQ gc[iZd cdagdiVjKicZlVl [^gejal_gejW — cYS0iZdU, Y[l^el\lKieeUi eg lcYGicd_^ieji dgZlQ ]iWdi^Pelcdj. $ T]icP
[alc^iNj_gidcW KidZgW j [lc^i]l_gdi^PegW TgZlel\iaelcdP: Ki\ _UDi Yal_ieP
cdagdiVjKicZlVl [^gejal_gejW, di\ \iePDi YKgcdji laVgel_ j ^jJ,
lcYGicd_^WHGjM l[iagdj_el-g]\jejcdagdj_eli Y[ag_^ieji B<A
Flccjj. 7[iagdj_eli aYZl_l]cd_l B<A Flccjj j\iid [l^eYH cg\lcdlWdi^PelcdP [aj Cla\jal_gejj [aliZdl_, cMi\ j d.]., agTagSgdU_gi\UM eg lcel_gejj cdagdiVjQ, _ clT]gejj ZldlaUM lej [ajej\gHd
\jej\g^Peli YKgcdji. dl W_^WidcW
_gNelQ VgagedjiQ lajiedjal_geelcdj B<A Flccjj eg [alS^i\U, ZldlaUi aig^Pel _l^eYHd VagN]ge.
.al\i dlVl, \l]i^j j cMi\U agTagSgdU_gHdcW jcZ^HKjdi^Pel eg \icdgM, d.i. eg Yal_ei diaajdlajg^PeUM laVgel_ B<A Flccjj, [aj ?dl\
SiT ZgZlVl-^jSl YKgcdjW j Zledal^W cl cdlaleU _UDicdlWGiVl aYZl_l]cd_g. .gZ c^i]cd_ji, — ZgN]li \ial[ajWdji lZgTU_gidcW [agZdjKicZj lajiedjal_geeU\
j [lT_l^Wid ]lcdjVgdP egjSl^PDiVl aiTY^Pdgdg,
Kdl cdj\Y^jaYid ld_idcd_ieelcdP ei[lcai]cd_ieeUM jc[l^ejdi^iQ.
FiTY^Pdgdl\ cdagdiVjKicZlVl [^gejal_gejW ]l^Neg cdgdP jecdjdYJjleg^PegW ?_l^HJjW laVgel_ \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU, jM cldaY]ejKicd_l c VagN]geg\j j lSGicd_l\. #agN]gei j lSGicd_l, YKgcd_YW
_ [alJicci [^gejal_gejW, _UeYN]ieU gZdj_el [l]]iaNj_gdP \jVagJjleeUQ [laW]lZ. =l?dl\Y cdagdiVjKicZli [^gejal_geji _ cjcdi\i
laVgel_ \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU — ?dl, _l-[ia_UM
, cj^PeUQ j]iedjCjJjaYHGjQ j cjVeg^jTjaYHGjQ CgZdla; _l-_dlaUM, — c[lclS _l_^iKiejW VagN]ge _ [alJicc [gadeiacd_g c _UdiZgHGj\j jT ?dlVl
[lc^i]cd_jW\j _ _j]i cl^j]gaelQ ld_idcd_ieelcdj, lSic[iKiejW \jVagJjleelVl [laW]Zg, lSGicd_ieelVl Zledal^W eg] ]iWdi^PelcdPH
B<A Flccjj.
gZj\ lSagTl\, ]iWdi^PelcdP B<A Flccjj — ?dl dgZNi j cCiag
Yc^YV, [YcdP c[iJjCjKicZjM, el j\ieel Yc^YV. =l?dl\Y ii [aj
lSGiQ
cMlNicdj laVgejTgJjj j CYeZJjlejal_gejW ei^PTW cag_ej_gdP c _ljecZlQ [alCiccjiQ, c[iJc^YNSg\j j cY]g\j. AldaY]ejZ B<A Flccjj —
clJjg^PeUQ gVied, ]iWdi^PelcdP ZldlalVl c_WTgeg c [ai]lcdg_^ieji\
NjTeieel _gNeUM Yc^YV ZgZ _ci\Y lSGicd_Y, dgZ j ld]i^Pel\Y je]j_j]Y. B<A Flccjj KaiT_UKgQel _gNel TegdP, _ ZgZlQ Cla\i, lS0i\i
j ZgZj\ lSagTl\ SY]Yd _lcdaiSl_geU lSGicd_l\ ?dj Yc^YVj
. Adagdi-
VjKicZli [^gejal_geji ]iWdi^Pelcdj B<A Flccjj j [ajT_gel ld_i-
54
djdP eg [lcdg_^ieeUi _l[alcU. 7el Cla\Y^jaYid ]^W lSGicd_g [lej\geji dlVl, _ Ki\ ]l^Neg clcdlWdP [l^PTg ld ]iWdi^Pelcdj B<A Flccjj, g dgZNi ld _lT\lNelVl cldaY]ejKicd_g c eiQ. 7dcH]g c[iJjCjKicZgW lclSieelcdP cdagdiVjKicZlVl [^gejal_gejW — KaiT_UKgQel DjalZjQ clcdg_ cYS0iZdl_, YKgcd_YHGjM _ ei\, V]i B<A Flccjj gZdj_el
YKgcd_Yid dl^PZl eg Yal_ei clT]gejW
[agZdjKicZlVl jecdaY\iedgajW,
eg[ag_^ieelVl eg _l[^lGieji cCla\Y^jal_geeUM lSGicd_ieel-[l^jdjKicZjM Ycdgel_lZ.
$ecdjdYJjleg^Peli agT_jdji B<A Flccjj [ai]cdg_^Wid clSlQ
Kgcdeli [alW_^ieji lSGjM ZlecdjdYJjleeUM [alJiccl_, [ai]cdg_^WHGjM clSlQ [lc^i]l_gdi^Peli agT_jdji j Y[alKieji jecdjdYdl_ ]i\lZagdjKicZlVl VlcY]gacd_g j VagN]gecZlVl lSGicd_g (]i\lZagdjTgJjW
_ DjalZl\ TegKiejj). :\icdi c di\, ZgZ Kgcdeli [alW_^ieji lSGiVl,
jecdjdYJjleg^Peli agT_jdji \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU j\iid clScd_ie
eYH ]jeg\jZY j c[iJjCjZY. =l?dl\Y _ [alJicci agT_jdjW B<A Flccjj
\lNel _U]i^jdP daj _Tgj\lc_WTgeeUM j _Tgj\llSYc^l_^ieeUM, el cg\lcdlWdi^PeUM eg[ag_^iejW: ]i\lZagdjTgJjW _ YTZl\ TegKiejj; clJjg^jTgJjW; VY\gejTgJjW. Fgcc\ldaj\ ZgN]li jT ejM [l]alSeii.
1. "i\lZagdjTgJjW — _cicdlaleejQ [alJicc jediVagJjj \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU _ cjcdi\Y ]i\lZagdjKicZlVl VlcY]gacd_g j VagN]gecZlVl lSGicd_g, — c l]elQ cdlaleU,
g c ]aYVlQ, — _lT\lNelcdP cl
cdlaleU VagN]ge j jM lS0i]jeiejQ lZgTU_gdP cYGicd_ieeli _^jWeji
eg ii laVgejTgJjH, ]iWdi^PelcdP j \idl]l^lVjH. : ZgKicd_i lcel_eUM
clcdg_^WHGjM ]i\lZagdjTgJjj B<A Flccjj \lNel _U]i^jdP:
6 Cla\jal_geji ela\gdj_el-[ag_l_lQ lcel_U ]iWdi^Pelcdj c
KidZj\ l[ai]i^ieji\ Tg]gK, clld_idcd_YHGjM ]i\lZagdjKicZl\Y
VlcY]gacd_Y j VagN]gecZl\Y lSGicd_Y;
6 KgcdjKeli [iaiagc[ai]i^ieji j^j [l^eli jTSg_^ieji ld eiZl-
dlaUM
CYeZJjQ B<A Flccjj _ [l^PTY ]aYVjM VlcY]gacd_ieeUM
laVgel_ j^j Zl\\iaKicZjM cdaYZdYa;
6 ]i[l^jdjTgJjW j ]i\j^jdgajTgJjW c^YNSU.
"i[l^jdjTgJjW c_WTgeg c ei]l[Ycdj\lcdPH ZgZlVl-^jSl _\iDgdi^Pcd_g _ ]iWdi^PelcdP B<A Flccjj; clT]gejW j ]iWdi^Pelcdj [l^jdjKicZjM [gadjQ _eYdaj cjcdi\U; [ai]_USlaelQ gVjdgJjj j gVjdgJjj
[l _l[alcg\ aiCiaie]Y\g, _U[YcZg j agc[alcdageiejW ^HSUM gVjdgJjleeUM \gdiajg^l_.
#^g_egW Ji^P
]i[l^jdjTgJjj — c]i^gdP B<A Flccjj \gZcj\g^Pel eiQdag^PelQ ([l^jdjKicZj, lSGicd_ieel, ?dejKicZj), ^jDieelQ ^HSUM j]il^lVjKicZjM j g]\jejcdagdj_eUM [ajcdagcdjQ _
[alJicci aig^jTgJjj _lT^lNieeUM eg eii Tg]gK. *la\gdj_eUi [ag_l_Ui lVagejKiejW ]iWdi^Pelcdj B<A Flccjj, c_WTgeeUi c [alJic-
-
55
cl\ ]i[l^jdjTgJjj, ]lcdgdlKel [lc^i]l_gdi^PeU. $M cl]iaNgeji _
[l^elQ \iai clld_idcd_Yid i_al[iQcZj\ cdge]gadg\.
"i\j^jdgajTgJjW — [alJicc Sl^ii [aldj_laiKj_UQ j c^lNeUQ
j c_WTge, c l]elQ cdlaleU, c Haj]jKicZj\ j \idl]l^lVjKicZj\ lSlclS^ieji\ B<A Flccjj ld jelQ c^YNSU, g c ]aYVlQ, — c ii jediVagJjiQ _ cjcdi\Y VagN]gecZlQ c^YNSU.
: ZgKicd_i lcel_eUM j Yej_iacg^PeUM eg[ag_^iejQ ]i\j^jdgaj
TgJjj, [ajeWdUM _ cdagegM _alclHTg j [l^YKj_DjM TgZlel]gdi^Peli
TgZai[^ieji eg eg]VlcY]gacd_ieel\ Yal_ei, c^i]Yid _U]i^jdP: cYGicd_l_geji [ajeJj[jg^Pel ld^jKelQ ld j\iHGiQ \icdl _ cj^l_UM laVgegM cjcdi\U T_gejQ, ZgaPiaelVl j [alCiccjleg^PelVl alcdg; lcYGicd_^ieji ]iWdi^Pelcdj _ clld_idcd_jj c [l^lNiejW\j l VlcY]gacd_ieelQ c^YNSi, daY]l_U\ TgZlel]gdi^Pcd_l\, _eYdaieej\j [alCiccjleg^PeU\j ela\g\j, j\iHGj\j [ajeJj[jg^PeUi ld^jKjW
ld
_ljecZjM Ycdg_l_, lcel_geeUM eg NicdZlQ cYSla]jegJjj j [l]Kjeiejj; _lTagcdgeji ]l^j j TegKiejW VagN]gecZlVl [iacleg^g _ cjcdi\i
\jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU. =aj ?dl\ _ Sl^PDjecd_i ]i\lZagdjKicZjM
cdage VagN]gecZji cldaY]ejZj _U[l^eWHd ei _c[l\lVgdi^PeYH al^P,
ZgZ _ cdaYZdYai alccjQcZlQ \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU, g ag_el\iael agc[ai]i^ieU [l _ci\ ]l^NelcdW\. _i^jKieji jM Kjc^ieelcdj _ \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSi
— cYGicd_ieeUQ CgZdla jediVagJjj ]geelQ cjcdi\U
_ VagN]gecZli lSGicd_l.
#Y\gejTgJjW [l]agTY\i_gid ]_g _Tgj\llSYc^l_^ieeUM j _Tgj\lc_WTgeeUM [alJiccg: ela\gdj_eYH [ag_l_YH j\[^i\iedgJjH [ag_ j
c_lSl] _ cjcdi\Y laVgel_ \jVagJjj; Ki^l_iZllajiedjal_geeYH (VY\gejcdjKicZYH) Cj^lclCjH, j]il^lVjH j \idl]l^lVjH ]iWdi^Pelcdj B<A Flccjj.
: aW]i agSld \lNel _cdaidjdP ldlN]icd_^ieji VY\gejTgJjj c [leWdji\ ]i?dgdjTgJjj \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU — «lc^gS^ieji
VlcY]gacd_ieelVl, _i]l\cd_ieelVl egKg^g j, eg[aldj_, Ycj^ieji VY\gejcdjKicZlVl egKg^g _ ii ]iWdi^Pelcdj». =l^gVgi\, ?dl ei cl_ci\ _iael, [lcZl^PZY B<A Flccjj — c[iJjg^jTjal_geeUQ laVge jc[l^ejdi^PelQ _^gcdj.
*g^jKji VlcY]gacd_ieelVl j _i]l\cd_ieelVl egKg^g — ?dl lSGjQ [ajTegZ \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU ZgZ VlcY]gacd_ieelVl laVgeg. Vl ldcYdcd_ji SY]id lTegKgdP [ai_agGieji \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU _ [l^YVlcY]gacd_ieeYH
j^j lSGicd_ieeYH cdaYZdYaY. .al\i dlVl, c dia\jel^lVjKicZlQ dlKZj TaiejW ]i?dgdjTgJjH KaiT_UKgQel daY]el ldlN]icd_^WdP
c VY\gejTgJjiQ. dgdjTgJjW _ SYZ_g^Pel\ c\Uc^i lTegKgid [ajcYdcd_ji
VlcY]gacd_g [agZdjKicZj _l _ciM cCipax NjTei]iWdi^Pelcdj Ki^l_iZg j
lSGicd_g. Alld_idcd_ieel, ?dl — lSagdeUQ [alJicc, ZldlaUQ dicel
c_WTge c VY\gejTgJjiQ, el, di\ ei \ieii, _[l^ei cg\lcdlWdi^PeUQ.
-
56
: Ji^l\, ela\gdj_eUQ [ag_l_lQ gc[iZd [alJiccg VY\gejTgJjj
aig^jTl_ge ]lcdgdlKel [lc^i]l_gdi^Pel. 7e _ [l^elQ \iai clld_idcd_Yid \jal_U\ j lSGii_al[iQcZj\ cdge]gadg\ \jVagJjleelQ ]iWdi^Pelcdj. . clNg^iejH, dlVl Ni ei^PTW cZgTgdP _ ldelDiejj j]il^lVjj j \idl]l^lVjj ]iWdi^Pelcdj ZleZaidelVl cldaY]ejZg. 7S ?dl\
c_j]idi^Pcd_YHd \elVlKjc^ieeUi Ng^lSU VagN]ge eg egaYDiejW
[ag_ j c_lSl] cldaY]ejZg\j B<A Flccjj,
ldagNieeUi _ iNiVl]eUM
]lZ^g]gM [l^el\lKieelVl [l [ag_g\ Ki^l_iZg _ FB.
AlJjg^jTgJjW ZgZ eg[ag_^ieji ]i\lZagdjTgJjj \jVagJjleelQ
c^YNSU ZgKicd_ieel ld^jKgidcW ld geg^lVjKelVl [leWdjW, [aj\iej\lVl Z VlcY]gacd_Y, — «clJjg^Peli VlcY]gacd_l». %]icP ei j]id aiKP
l clT]gejj «Yc^l_jQ, lSic[iKj_gHGjM ]lcdlQeYH NjTeP j c_lSl]eli
agT_jdji Ki^l_iZg».
AlJjg^jTgJjW B<A Flccjj [lej\gidcW ZgZ clld_idcd_ji lNj]gejW\ lSGicd_g, — c l]elQ cdlaleU
, g c ]aYVlQ, — ZgZ lSGicd_ieel
lajiedjal_geegW ]iWdi^PelcdP [l lZgTgejH _cicdlaleeiQ j ]iQcd_ieelQ [l\lGj. dl — c^YNSg lSGicd_Y j Ki^l_iZY, _Tgj\l]iQcd_ji c
VagN]geg\j j lSGicd_ieeU\j jecdjdYdg\j c [lTjJjj cldaY]ejKicd_g,
g ei [ajeYN]iejW. $, egZleiJ, ?dl clS^H]ieji [ag_ j c_lSl] Ki^l_iZg.
B<A Flccjj, SiTYc^l_el, eicid lVal\eUQ VaYT ld_idcd_ieelcdj.
$ [ldl\Y ii ?CCiZdj_elcdP eg[aW\YH
l[ai]i^WidcW ?CCiZdj_elcdPH
_ciQ cjcdi\U laVgel_ VlcY]gacd_ieelQ _^gcdj, g dgZNi ]iWdi^PelcdPH
(SiT]iWdi^PelcdPH) \icdeUM laVgel_ _^gcdj. %g]gKiQ el\ia l]je [l[aiNei\Y lcdgidcW [l_UDieji ?CCiZdj_elcdj VlcY]gacd_ieelVl
Y[ag_^iejW, cdalVli clS^H]ieji Kjel_ejZg\j TgZleelcdj, [ai]lcdg_^ieji j\j ZgKicd_ieeUM [YS^jKeUM Yc^YV egci^iejH
1
.
#lcY]gacd_l _lT^lNj^l eg \jVagJjleeYH c^YNSY Tg]gKj ]i\lZagdjKicZlVl VlcY]gacd_g, el ei dagecCla\jal_g^l ii ]iWdi^PelcdP,
ei _UagSldg^l clld_idcd_YHGYH j]il^lVjH j \idl]l^lVjH. ]jecd_ieeli, Kdl ag]jZg^Pel jT\iej^l VlcY]gacd_l _ [l^lNiejj B<A
Flccjj, — ?dl cCla\jal_g^l ela\gdj_eYH lcel_Y ii ]iWdi^Pelcdj,
ldagNgHGYH ]i\lZagdjKicZYH [ajal]Y alccjQcZlVl VlcY]gacd_g
2
.
=al_i]ieeUQ eg\j geg^jT [lT_l^j^ _U]i^jdP _ agT_jdjj c^YNSU
[aldj_laiKjW:
6 cjcdi\el-jecdjdYJjleg^PelVl MgagZdiag — \iN]Y cl]iaNg-
eji\ agT_jdjW FlccjQcZlQ Bi]iagJjj j \icdl\, Tgej\gi\U\
B<A Flccjj _ cjcdi\i ]i\lZagdjKicZlVl VlcY]gacd_g j jecdjdY-
dl_ VagN]gecZlVl lSGicd_g;
1
=lc^geji =aiTj]iedg FB Bi]iag^Pel\Y AlSagejH FB ld 25 g[ai^W 2005 V.
2
!cdg[ieZl =.*.
_al[iQcZlVl AlHTg j FlccjQcZlQ Bi]iagJjj: "jc. … ]lZd. Haj]. egYZ. <., 2009. A. 134.
.lecdjdYJjleel-[ag_l_Ui lcel_U ]iWdi^Pelcdj [l^jJjj (\j^jJjj) cdage
57
6 \iNCYeZJjleg^PelVl MgagZdiag — c agT^jKji\ _ ]jeg\jZi j
\gcDdgSgM, ZldlaUi [ajej\gHd [alJiccU VY\gejTgJjj, clJjg^j-
TgJjj j ]i\lZagdjTgJjj (_ YTZl\ TegKiejj) B<A Flccjj _ cag_ei-
ejj ]aYV c ]aYVl\.
.gZ SU^l cZgTgel _UDi, eg B<A Flccjj _lT^lNieU Tg]gKj, MgagZdiaeUi ]^W ]i\lZagdjKicZlVl VlcY]gacd_g, l]egZl lej ei j\iHd _
[l^elQ \iai ]l^NelVl \idl]l^lVjKicZlVl j
laVgejTgJjleelVl [alW_^iejW. B<A Flccjj, W_^WWcP laVgel\ _^gcdj, [ai]lcdg_^WHGj\ Yc^YVj lSGicd_Y _ cCiai \jVagJjleelVl [laW]Zg j SiTl[gcelcdj, [aj\ieWid j jc[l^PTYid \idl]U [ajeYN]iejW, Kdl [aldj_laiKjd lSGicd_ieel lajiedjal_geelQ \idl]l^lVjj, W_^WHGiQcW cYdPH agT_jdjW cdageU
eg cl_ai\ieel\ ?dg[i. gcdjKel clMageWW cj^l_lQ Zl\[leied, B<A
Flccjj eilSMl]j\l Y]i^WdP lclSli _ej\geji Z _Tgj\l]iQcd_jH c egci^ieji\, lSGicd_ieeU\ laVgejTgJjW\ j daY]l_U\ Zl^^iZdj_g\ [l
lSic[iKiejH SiTl[gcelcdj _ cCiai \jVagJjj.
B<A Flccjj — cjcdi\eli cdaYZdYaeli lSagTl_geji, j\iHGii
Ji^UQ aW] c^lNelcdiQ, ZldlaUi daiSYHd ei dl^PZl jT\ieiejQ, el j V^lSg^PelQ dagecCla\gJjj. $TYKieji [agZdjZj [lT_l^Wid Vl_lajdP l eg^jKjj c_lilSagTelVl VlcY]gacd_ieelVl j lSGicd_ieelVl TgZgTg eg
\jVagJjleeUi c^YNSU, ZldlaU\ [ajcYG lSGicd_ieel lajiedjal_geeUQ MgagZdia
]iWdi^Pelcdj. :U[l^eieji dgZlVl TgZgTg lS0iZdj_el daiSYid ZgKicd_ieelQ [iaicdalQZj. *l [l]lSeUi [ailSagTl_gejW ]l^NeU
[l_UDgdP ?CCiZdj_elcdP j l[dj\jTjal_gdP ]iWdi^PelcdP B<A Flccjj, j ei dl^PZl Y[ag_^ieKicZlVl (g]\jejcdagdj_el-[ag_l_lVl) MgagZdiag j cl]iaNgejW, g cjcdi\elVl — ]l^VlcalKelVl (eicZl^PZl ]icWdj^idjQ), _ Cla\g^Pel\ j cl]iaNgdi^Pel\ [^gei clld_idcd_YHGjM g]\jejcdagdj_eU\ jT\ieiejW\ [lc^i]ejM ^id j Tg]geel\Y _iZdlaY
Zle-
cdjdYJjleelVl agT_jdjW.
i^P ]geeUM [ailSagTl_gejQ — [lc^i]l_gdi^PegW, [l?dg[egW j
_cilS0i\^HGgW jediVagJjW \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU _ cjcdi\Y ]i\lZagdjKicZlVl VlcY]gacd_g j jecdjdYdl_ VagN]gecZlVl lSGicd_g. : cl]iaNgdi^Pel\ [^gei ?dl [ai][l^gVgid [lc^i]l_gdi^PeYH dagecCla\gJjH
cj^l_lQ j _liejTjal_geelQ [ajal]U \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU.
$ediVagJjH \lNel agcc\gdaj_gdP _ ZgKicd_i Yc^l_jW clJjg^jTgJjj B<A Flccjj — [alJiccg, [ajcYGiVl laVgeg\ \jVagJjleelQ
c^YNSU cdage
A. $ediVagJjW — ?dl dld \jej\Y\, ZldlaUQ eilSMl]j\ ]^W [agZdjKicZlVl lcYGicd_^iejW lcel_eUM \ial[ajWdjQ, c_WTgeeUM c clJjg^jTgJjiQ laVgel_ _eYdaieejM ]i^. $ediVagJjW — ?dl
[l?dg[eli j «\WVZli» aiCla\jal_geji \jVagJjleeUM c^YNS [aj clMageiejj _ ZagdZlcalKelQ j cai]eicalKelQ [iac[iZdj_i cYGicd_YHGiQ g]\jejcdagdj_el-[ag_l_lQ Cla\U.
58
: g_dlacZl\ [lej\gejj c^i]Yid Vl_lajdP l aW]i ZleJi[dYg^PeUM
[l^lNiejQ, c_WTgeeUM c jediVagJjiQ B<A Flccjj _ cjcdi\Y alccjQcZlVl ]i\lZagdjKicZlVl VlcY]gacd_g j lSGicd_g.
:l-[ia_UM, B<A Flccjj — Ci]iag^PeUQ laVge jc[l^ejdi^PelQ
_^gcdj, aYZl_l]cd_l ZldlalQ lcYGicd_^Wid =ag_jdi^Pcd_l FB, j ]l^Neg ei dl^PZl cdaYZdYael j g]\jejcdagdj_el clld_idcd_l_gdP ZlecdjdYJjleeU\ Ycdgel_^iejW\, el dgZNi j \idl]l^lVjj ]iWdi^Pelcdj
laVgel_
VlcY]gacd_ieelQ _^gcdj. : ZleiKel\ cKidi, ?dl ]l^Nel [aj_icdj Z jT\ieiejH cjcdi\U lSGicd_ieel-[l^jdjKicZjM ldelDiejQ: ld VagN]gecZl[YS^jKelVl [gdiaeg^jT\g Z VagN]gecZl-[YS^jKel\Y [gadeiacd_Y.
:l-_dlaUM, agT_jdji ldelDiejQ VagN]gecZl-[YS^jKelVl [gadeiacd_g eg diaajdlajj FB j jediVagJjW B<A Flccjj _ cjcdi\Y ]i\lZagdjKicZlVl VlcY]gacd_g j lSGicd_g lS0iZdj_el daiSYHd dagecCla\g-
_ lSGicd_ieel lajiedjal_geeUQ laVge, [iaiMl]g Z el_lQ \l]i^j
Jjj ii
\jVagJjleelQ ]iWdi^Pelcdj, MgagZdiajTYHGiQcW lajiedgJjiQ eg c^YNieji lSGicd_Y j VagN]geg\, Y_gNjdi^Peli ldelDieji Z ^jKelcdj, _UclZj\ [alCiccjleg^jT\l\ [aj clMageiejj ]lcdgdlKelQ d_ia]lcdj j NicdZlcdj [l ldelDiejH Z [ag_legaYDjdi^W\.
:-daidPjM, ZgZ c_j]idi^Pcd_Yid jecdjdYJjleg^PegW ?_l^HJjW \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU cdage A, ?dj [ailSagTl_gejW \lVYd elcjdP
dl^PZl
]l^VlcalKeUQ MgagZdia j _lT\lNeU jcZ^HKjdi^Pel eg lcel_i Zga]jeg^PeUM jT\ieiejQ cjcdi\U _i]l\cd_ieelVl lSagTl_gejW j [l]Vldl_Zj, g dgZNi dicel c_WTgeelQ c ej\j cjcdi\U [alCiccjleg^Pel-ZgaPiaelVl alcdg. AldaY]ejZ \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU ]l^Nie [ajlSaicdj
Z_g^jCjZgJjH _ _j]i TegejQ, Y\iejQ j eg_UZl_. i\ Sl^PDi _ eiVl
SY]id _^lNiel _ lSagTl_gdi^Pel\ YKaiN]iejj, di\ Sl^ii dlKelQ
j [ag_j^PelQ SY]id iVl ]iWdi^PelcdP; clld_idcd_ieel, j SY]id l[ai]i^WdPcW
MgagZdia j cl]iaNgeji aigZJjj egci^iejW eg iVl ]iWdi^PelcdP j lJieZg, ]g_gi\gW [aj ?dl\. =aj_^iKieji lSagTl_geeUM dg^ged^j_UM \l^l]UM ^H]iQ _ B<A Flccjj — Z^HKi_gW [alS^i\g, c ZldlalQ _ci
Sl^PDi cdg^Zj_gidcW \jVagJjleegW c^YNSg _ [lc^i]eji Vl]U. B<A
Flccjj ]l^Neg cdgdP [aj_^iZgdi^PelQ ]^W \l^l]UM
^H]iQ, c[lclSeUM
[ag_j^Pel cCla\jal_gdP j ]leicdj YejZg^PelcdP clScd_ieelVl [ai]^lNiejW ]l g]aicgdg, d.i. aig^jTl_gdP lcel_eUi [l^lNiejW \jVagJjleelVl [lTjJjlejal_gejW.
A^i]l_gdi^Pel, B<A Flccjj ei dl^PZl ]l^Neg j\idP cg\lcdlWdi^Peli TegKieji _ cjcdi\i VlcY]gacd_ieelQ c^YNSU FB, el j cdj\Y^jal_gdP [lcdlWeeli [l_UDieji [alCiccjleg^PeUM Y\iejQ j eg_UZl_ Y ]iQcd_YHGjM cldaY]ejZl_, KdlSU [l^elcdPH
clld_idcd_l_gdP
daiSl_gejW\, [ai]0W_^Wi\U\ Z \jVagJjleeU\ c^YNSg\ _ ]i\lZagdjKicZl\ VlcY]gacd_i; lcYGicd_^WdP c_lH ]iWdi^PelcdP _ clld_idcd_jj c
ZleJi[JjiQ lSc^YNj_gejW egci^iejW; c[lclScd_l_gdP Ycj^iejH [iacleg^PelQ ld_idcd_ieelcdj cldaY]ejZl_ Tg [ajej\gi\Ui aiDiejW.
59
$\iHGji \icdl egaYDiejW j eiclS^H]ieji [ag_ j c_lSl] Ki^l_iZg _ cjcdi\i B<A Flccjj daiSYHd [iailajiedgJjj [alCiccjleg^PeUM Ycdgel_lZ _ Kgcdj [l]Vldl_Zj j [iai[l]Vldl_Zj ^jKelVl clcdg_g.
7ej ]l^NeU SUdP g]g[djal_geU Z cYGicd_YHGj\ egJjleg^PeU\ j
1
\iN]Yegal]eU\ cdge]gadg\ j \iMgejT\g\
.
$cdlKejZl\ Sl^PDjecd_g [alS^i\, c_WTgeeUM c ei]l^NeU\ clS^H]ieji\ j ei[lej\geji\ SiTYc^l_elVl TegKiejW [ag_ Ki^l_iZg _ cjcdi\i
B<A Flccjj, W_^WHdcW [alcKidU _ cjcdi\i lSYKiejW j _lc[jdgejW.
: cdagegM A j]il^lVjW j \idl]l^lVjW VagN]gecZl-[YS^jKelVl
_Tgj\l]iQcd_jW _^jWid eg laVgejTgJjH j ]iWdi^PelcdP laVgel_ \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU. !]\jejcdagdj_el-[ag_l_lQ cdgdYc laVgel_ \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU lSYc^l_^j_gidcW
_lT^gVgi\U\j [l^el\lKjW\j _ cCiai
lSic[iKiejW SiTl[gcelcdj j [laW]Zg. $M aig^jTgJjW [aj l[ai]i^ieeUM
Yc^l_jWM j lScdlWdi^Pcd_gM [ai][l^gVgid jc[l^PTl_geji \ia [ajeYN]iejW. 7]egZl, V^g_elQ cYGelcdPH \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU W_^WHdcW
[ajeJj[U j ldelDiejW VagN]gecZl-[YS^jKelVl [gadeiacd_g, MgagZdiajTYHGji \jVagJjleeYH c^YNSY ZgZ [alCiccjleg^PeYH VlcY]gacd_ieeYH lSGicd_ieel lajiedjal_geeYH c^YNSY, [ai]lcdg_^WHGYH Yc^YVj
VagN]geg\ j lSGicd_Y _ cCiai \jVagJjj.
7]egZl, B<A
Flccjj ei \lNid SUdP [l^elcdPH ldeicieg Z [gadeiacZlQ \l]i^j, [lcZl^PZY ii cYGelcdeUi KiadU j\iHd KgcdjKeli [alW_^ieji; leg \lNid SUdP l[ai]i^ieg [lcai]cd_l\ cg\lcdlWdi^PelQ
\l]i^j, g j\ieel g]\jejcdagdj_el-[gdiaeg^jcdcZlQ.
!]\jejcdagdj_el-[ag_l_Ui lcel_U laVgejTgJjj B<A Flccjj j
\jVagJjleeUM c^YNS cdage A MgagZdiajTYHdcW lSGelcdPH Ycdgel_^iejQ, _ Kgcdelcdj lSGelcdPH _lT^gVgi\UM eg ejM Tg]gK.
7]egZl, icdP
cYGicd_ieeUi agT^jKjW _ \iMgejT\i jM [agZdjKicZlQ aig^jTgJjj j, c^i]l_gdi^Pel, \icdi, Tgej\gi\l\ \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSlQ Flccjj j cdage
A _ cjcdi\i ]i\lZagdjKicZlVl VlcY]gacd_g j VagN]gecZlVl lSGicd_g.
<lNel _U]i^jdP ]_g lcel_eUM eg[ag_^iejW agT_jdjW \jVagJjle-
eUM c^YNS _ S^jNgQDji ]icWdj^idjW eg i_al[iQcZl\ Zledjeiedi.
=ia_li eg[ag_^ieji SY]Yd [ai]cdg_^WdP cdageU, _ ZldlaUM TegKi-
eji \jVagJjleelQ
c^YNSU _ NjTei]iWdi^Pelcdj lSGicd_g egKeid [lcdlWeel Y\iePDgdPcW. "^W ejM MgagZdiaeU: ^gdiedeUi j ldZaUdUi
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