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Файл:Организационно-правовые основы регулирования миграционных процессов. Административно-правовой аспект. Монография
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_ [alJicc _Tgj\l]iQcd_jW ZgZ \lNel Sl^PDi YKgcdejZl_, [l^YKj_,
dgZj\ lSagTl\, ei dl^PZl ]l[l^ejdi^PeUi aicYacU, el j agT]i^j_ _cH
ld_idcd_ieelcdP _\icdi c ej\j.
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]lSal_l^PeUQ j [iajl]jKicZjQ MgagZdia. =ajKjeg jM YKgcdjW —
VagN]gecZgW [lTjJjW j cl[ajKgcdelcdP lcdaU\ [alS^i\g\ \jVagJjj.
"geegW ZgdiVlajW \lNid SUdP [l]agT]i^ieg eg c^i]YHGji VaY[[U:
6 VagN]gei, YKgcd_YHGji _ [gadeiacd_i _ ^jKel\, je]j_j]Yg^P-
el\ ZgKicd_i;
6 lSGicd_ieeUi laVgejTgJjj. : Sl^PDjecd_i cdage lSGicd_ieeUi
laVgejTgJjj [l]agT]i^WHdcW eg lCjJjg^PeUM j eilCjJjg^PeUM
[gadeial_ \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU. AdgdYc lCjJjg^PeUM [gadeial_
ei
]gid [aiCiaieJjQ, l]egZl SUdP dgZl_U\ [aicdjNel. <elVji laVgejTgJjj [iaiagcdgHd \icdeUi ag\Zj j [ajlSaidgHd aiVjleg^PeUQ j ]gNi lSGiVlcY]gacd_ieeUQ \gcDdgS;
6 Zl\\iaKicZji laVgejTgJjj j [ai]cdg_jdi^j SjTeicg. $M YKgcdji
_ [gadeiacd_i elcjd DjalZjQ MgagZdia: ld [alcdlVl Cjegecjal_gejW [aliZdl_, c_WTgeeUM c [ai]Y[aiN]ieji\ [ag_legaYDiejQ _
cCiai \jVagJjj, ]l [agZdjKicZlVl YKgcdjW _ lcYGicd_^iejj \jVagJjleeUM
\ial[ajWdjQ;
6 lclSUQ YKgcdejZ [gadeiacd_g — A<$. 7ej clT]gHd jeCla\g-
JjleeUQ Cle, c_WTgeeUQ ZgZ c [l[Y^WajTgJjiQ [aliZdl_, lcYGicd_^Wi\UM _ ag\ZgM [gadeiacd_g, dgZ j jM aiZ^g\lQ.
A dlKZj TaiejW YKgcdjW _UDiegT_geeUM cYS0iZdl_, c^i]Yid agT^j-
KgdP [gadeiacd_l c lVagejKieeU\ j^j \jej\g^PeU\ clcdg_l\ cYS0iZdl_ (laVgeU \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU j ]aYVji laVgeU VlcY]gacd_ieelQ
_^gcdj) j ldZaUdli [gadeiacd_l, _ Zldlal\ YKgcd_YHd _ci egT_ge-
eUi cYS0iZdU.
AYGicd_YHd agTellSagTeUi Cla\U, [lcai]cd_l\ ZldlaUM _lT-
\lNeg laVgejTgJjW cldaY]ejKicd_g. : ZgKicd_i lcel_eUM Cla\, [agZdjZYi\UM _ cdagegM A, ld\idj\: clT]geji j ]iWdi^PelcdP lSGicd_ieeUM Zl\jccjQ [aj \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSi; lZgTgeji CjTjKicZlVl cl]iQcd_jW _ [alCj^gZdjZi j [aldj_l]iQcd_jj [aicdY[elcdj _ cCiai
\jVagJjj;
clT]geji, Cjegecjal_geji j YKgcdji _ ]iWdi^Pelcdj aigSj-
^jdgJjleeUM Jiedal_ j lSGicd_; _l^lediacd_l.
"^W _ciM cdage, _ ZldlaUM gZdj_el jc[l^PTYidcW [gadeiacd_l, Mg-
agZdiael [lej\geji SiTl[gcelcdj _ cCiai \jVagJjj j [l]]iaNgeji
\jVagJjleelVl [laW]Zg ZgZ cjcdi\elQ j Zl\[^iZcelQ [alS^i\U, daiSYHGiQ Zlecl^j]gJjj cj^ j cai]cd_ _ciM laVgel_ VlcY]gacd_ieelQ
31
_^gcdj. Kgcdji _ ]geel\ [alJicci — [aW\gW lSWTgeelcdP _ciM VlcY]gacd_ieeUM laVgel_, ZldlagW elcjd ei CgZY^Pdgdj_eUQ, g ela\gdj_el-j\[iagdj_eUQ MgagZdia. : cdagegM A, [l ZagQeiQ \iai _ «cdgaUM», \jVagJjleeUi c^YNSU lcYGicd_^WHd _lT^lNieeUi eg ejM [l^el\lKjW [lcai]cd_l\ ]_YM [gag^^i^PeUM cdaYZdYa: clScd_ieel laVgejTgJjleelQ cdaYZdYaU \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU, VagN]gecZl-VlcY]gacd_ieelQ cjcdi\U
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VagN]gei _l_^iZgHdcW _ lScYN]ieji j aiDieji Z^HKi_UM Tg]gK, _lT^gVgi\UM eg \jVagJjleeYH c^YNSY, _-daidPjM, [gadeiacd_l _UcdY[gid
ZgZ \elVlYal_ei_gW cjcdi\g cl^j]gaelQ
ld_idcd_ieelcdj \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU, ]aYVjM laVgel_ VlcY]gacd_ieelQ _^gcdj, lSGicd_g j VagN]ge _ cCiai \jVagJjj.
.gN]UQ cYS0iZd [gadeiacd_g eicid c_lQ lS0i\ ld_idcd_ieelcdj Tg
clcdlWeji SiTl[gcelcdj _ clld_idcd_jj c _lT^lNieeU\j eg eiVl [l^el\lKjW\j. =aj ?dl\ lS0i\ j cl]iaNgeji [l^el\lKjQ cYS0iZdl_,
ZgZ j cg\j \iMgejT\U eg]i^iejW j agc[ai]i^iejW ld_idcd_ieelcdj
\iN]Y ej\j, elcWd
_gajgdj_eUQ MgagZdia.
=ai]cdg_^ieegW ZlecdaYZJjW j\iid aW] MgagZdiaeUM lclSieelcdiQ.
=aiN]i _ciVl, ]iWdi^PelcdP \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU jTegKg^Pel lajiedjal_geg eg DjalZli YKgcdji Sl^PDlVl Zl^jKicd_g cYS0iZdl_: lSGicd_ieeUM j Zl\\iaKicZjM laVgejTgJjQ, clScd_ieel cg\jM VagN]ge j d.].
=aj ]geelQ cMi\i ei \jVagJjleegW c^YNSg, g VagN]gei l[ai]i^WHd, Kdl
]^W ejM egjSl^ii l[gcel j eg Ki\ c^i]Yid
clcai]ldlKjdP c_lj Ycj^jW.
$\ieel aig^jTgJjW [l]lSelQ cMi\U [lT_l^Wid ]lcdjKP [aji\^i\lVl, c
dlKZj TaiejW egci^iejW, Yal_eW \jVagJjleelQ TgGjGieelcdj.
"l[Ycdj_ ]aYVjM cYS0iZdl_ Z YKgcdjH _ _UagSldZi j [ajeWdjj aiDiejQ, \jVagJjleeUi c^YNSU ]i^iVjaYHd KgcdP c_liQ ld_idcd_ieelcdj
j [l^el\lKjQ cg\l\Y lSGicd_Y j ]aYVj\ VlcY]gacd_ieeU\ laVgeg\.
7aVgeU \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU [ai_agGgHdcW _ _gNeiQDjQ clJjlZY^PdYaeUQ jecdjdYd, TegKieji
j al^P ZldlalVl clcdljd _ jediVagJjj cj^,
]iQcd_jQ j Ycdai\^iejQ _ciM cYS0iZdl_ lSGicd_g j VlcY]gacd_g; eg^gNj_gejj \iN]Y ej\j [lcdlWeelVl j ]iQcd_ieelVl ]jg^lVg; Y[alKiejj
clJjg^PeUM j \iNZY^PdYaeUM c_WTiQ.
=gadeiacd_l, [l\j\l _ciVl, l[iagdj_egW, [YS^jKegW j ?CCiZdj_egW cjcdi\g lSGicd_ieelVl Zledal^W eg] \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSlQ, ZldlaUQ j\iid \iNCYeZJjleg^Peli cl]iaNgeji [lcZl^PZY iVl lcel_Y
clcdg_^WHd
]aYVji ?^i\iedU j MgagZdiajcdjZj [gadeiacd_g (cjcdi\g
lSic[iKiejW lSGicd_ieelVl [laW]Zg; cjcdi\g cl^j]gaelQ ld_idcd_ieelcdj; j]il^lVjW j \idl]l^lVjW [gadeiacd_g).
32
*gjSl^ii agT_jdg cjcdi\g [gadeiacd_g _ :i^jZlSajdgejj. =gadeiacd_l T]icP [ai]cdg_^Wid clSlQ ei _c[l\lVgdi^PeUQ \jVagJjleeUQ
aicYac, g i]jecd_ieel _lT\lNeYH Cla\Y ]iWdi^Pelcdj \jVagJjleelQ
c^YNSU. ajdgecZlVl c^YNgGiVl YKgd ZgZ Yc[iDel lcYGicd_^WdP c_lH
]iWdi^PelcdP _ c_WTZi c lSGicd_l\. l^ii dlVl, laVgejTgJjW cldaY]ejKicd_g c VagN]geg\j W_^WidcW [ag_l_lQ ela\lQ j daiSl_geji\. :
c_WTj c ?dj\ [gadeiacd_l ei [alcdl
jediVajal_gel _ cdaYZdYaY \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU, lel j icdP \jVagJjleegW c^YNSg. :[alKi\, ?dl
\lNel ldeicdj j Z laVgeg\ \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU Sl^PDjecd_l «cdgaUM» cdage A. : «el_UM» cdagegM A cjdYgJjW ]lcdgdlKel c^lNegW.
*gjSl^ii [alS^i\eU\j c dlKZj TaiejW [agZdjKicZlVl _l[^lGiejW
_Tgj\l]iQcd_jW eg [agZdjZi _UV^W]Wd Fic[YS^jZg =l^PDg, Fic[YS^jZg l^VgajW, FY\UejW, [ajSg^djQcZji VlcY]gacd_g.
#agN]gei je]j_j]Yg^Pel j^j Zl^^iZdj_el _lT]iQcd_YHd eg _ci
gc[iZdU laVgejTgJjj j ]iWdi^Pelcdj \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU, _Z^HKgW
j Zg]al_Ui, _UcdY[gW _ ZgKicd_i [ldaiSjdi^iQ Yc^YV, [aljT_l]j\UM
iH. =l?dl\Y ]^W \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU NjTeieel _gNeU _ej\geji j
[l]]iaNZg lSGicd_g. BgZdjKicZj aiKP j]id lS lclSl\ aUeZi — aUeZi [l^jdjZl-clJjg^PeUM Yc^YV, cYS0iZdg\j ZldlalVl W_^WHdcW laVgeU
VlcY]gacd_ieelQ _^gcdj, cai]j ZldlaUM — laVgeU
\jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU. A[iJjCjZg ^HSlVl aUeZg — NicdlKgQDgW ZleZYaieJjW Tg _ej\geji [ldaiSjdi^iQ — VagN]ge j lSGicd_g. <jVagJjleegW c^YNSg ZgZ
laVge, j\iHGjQ c_lH cjcdi\Y j cdaYZdYaY, dgZNi _Z^HKgidcW _ [alJicc
ZleZYaieJjj. : cjdYgJjj [l_UDieelVl _ej\gejW j ]g_^iejW cl cdlaleU lSGicd_g TegKjdi^PegW al^P ld_l]jdcW [ljcZY j gZdj_el\Y jc[l^PTl_gejH aicYacl_, ageii [agZdjKicZj ei [aj\ieWi\UM
_ ]iWdi^Pelcdj
\jVagJjleeUM c^YNS. $M egTegKieji — lS0i]jejdP _ci cdaYZdYaU j
[l]agT]i^iejW \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU _ i]jeli Ji^li, cCla\jal_gdP eg
?dlQ lcel_i YejZg^PeUQ lSagT \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU, ld^jKgHGjQcW
ld ]aYVjM [YS^jKeUM Zla[lagJjQ j [lZgTU_gHGjQ _cH c^lNelcdP j
TegKieji c_liQ ]iWdi^Pelcdj. dg Tg]gKg aiDgidcW [lcai]cd_l\ cjcdi\U
\jVagJjleelVl [lTjJjlejal_gejW. <jVagJjleeli [lTjJjlejal_geji — ?dl Zl\[^iZc \ia j cl_lZY[elcdP jecdaY\iedl_,
eg[ag_^ieeUM
eg clT]geji [l^lNjdi^PelVl lSagTg \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU _ lSGicd_ieel\ clTegejj, TgZai[^ieji j [l]]iaNgeji iVl, g dgZNi [YS^jKegW
]iWdi^Pelcdj \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU, c_WTgeegW c Ycdgel_^ieji\ j agT_jdji\ ]iQcd_ieeUM ZledgZdl_ c lSGicd_l\ j ld]i^PeU\j VagN]geg\j.
: eiZldlal\ ldelDiejj, [lTjJjlejal_geji — ?dl Yc^l_ji j jecdaY\ied [gadeiacd_g
1
.
1
!cdg[ieZl =.*.
_al[iQcZlVl AlHTg j FlccjQcZlQ Bi]iagJjj: "jc. … ]lZd. Haj]. egYZ. <., 2009. A. 65.
.lecdjdYJjleel-[ag_l_Ui lcel_U ]iWdi^Pelcdj [l^jJjj (\j^jJjj) cdage
33
A[iJjCjZg lSGicd_ieelVl _lc[ajWdjW ei [ai][l^gVgid ]^jdi^PelQ ZleJiedagJjj eg ZgZl\-dl l]el\ clJjg^Pel\ W_^iejj. 7el [l]_jNel j jT\ieKj_l, [l?dl\Y eilSMl]j\U KidZji j [leWdeUi agT]agNjdi^j, lajiedjaU j Ycdgel_Zj. 7dcH]g [lTjJjlejal_geji — ?dl,
[aiN]i _ciVl, aig^jTgJjW c^i]YHGjM [ajeJj[l_.
1. Bla\jal_geji j [lcdlWeeli agT_jdji jeCla\gJjleelVl [alcdagecd_g, cYS0iZd ZldlalVl — \jVagJjleegW c^YNSg. Vl cYGicd_ieegW lclSieelcdP — jeCla\gJjleegW egcUGieelcdP j agTellSagTji.
<jVagJjleegW c^YNSg ]l^Neg [ag_j^Pel jc[l^PTl_gdP ]geeUQ jecdaY\ied, KdlSU lSGicd_l ]lcdgdlKel MlalDl [ai]cdg_^W^l ciSi cjdYgJjH, cYGicd_YHGYH _ \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSi. .gZ c^i]cd_ji, ]iWdi^PelcdP \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU ic^j j ei _ciV]g l]lSaWidcW, dl _ciV]g
_ Jiedai jeCla\gJjleelVl _ej\gejW.
2. BlZYcjal_geji j ZleJiedagJjW _ej\gejW lSGicd_g, VagN]ge,
aiVjleg^PeUM j
\YejJj[g^PeUM laVgel_ (cYS0iZdl_ [gadeiacd_g) eg
TegKj\UM [alS^i\gM. "iWdi^PelcdP \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU \lNid elcjdP cg\UQ agTellSagTeUQ MgagZdia, el ii jeCla\gJjleeli lc_iGieji _ciV]g ]l^Nel j\idP l[ai]i^ieeYH ZleJiedagJjH j ClZYcjal_ZY
eg ZgZl\-dl l]el\ eg[ag_^iejj: [lZgTgdP Yc[iMj j^j lS0WcejdP [al_g^U j ei]lcdgdZj; cCla\jal_gdP eYNeUi gcclJjgJjj _ciV]g [alGi
j ^YKDi eg ZgZl\-dl l]el\
[aj\iai, CgZdi.
3. "jCCiaieJjal_geji j lSlclS^ieji ]iWdi^Pelcdj \jVagJjle-
elQ c^YNSU _ lSGicd_ieel\ clTegejj. <jVagJjleegW c^YNSg _ciV]g
cdai\jdcW KidZl j Zl\[^iZcel ]jCCiaieJjal_gdP c_lH ]iWdi^PelcdP,
Zl\[idieJjH j [l^el\lKjW _ cjcdi\i laVgel_ VlcY]gacd_ieelQ _^gcdj. : aiTY^Pdgdi leg ejZlV]g ei ld_iKgid Tg [al_g^U ]aYVjM laVgel_.
=agZdjKicZj ZgN]UQ K^ie lSGicd_g MlalDl Tegid, Kdl j\ieel j
ZgZlQ cdi[iej daiSl_gdP ld \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU.
Ajcdi\g [lTjJjlejal_gejW ld_iKgid eg l]je jT V^g_eUM _l[alcl_
[lcdaliejW j ]iWdi^Pelcdj \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU: ZgZ leg ]l^Neg agSldgdP j _Tgj\l]iQcd_l_gdP c lcel_eU\j jecdjdYdg\j VagN]gecZlVl
lSGicd_g. .^HKi_U\ \l\iedl\ _ aig^jTgJjj ]lZdajeU «^H]j — Z^jiedU \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU» W_^WidcW ei lajiedjal_geelcdP eg egci^ieji, g _lc[ajWdji j lJieZg
cg\j\ egci^ieji\. : lSGicd_ieel\ clTegejj \lNel _U]i^jdP eicZl^PZl [l^lNiejQ ZleJi[dYg^PelVl MgagZdiag, ZleiKegW Ji^P ZldlaUM — cCla\jal_gdP j ei[aiaU_el [l]]iaNj_gdP [lTjdj_eUQ lSagT \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU.
=l^lNieji [ia_li — [lTjJjlejal_geji \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU ZgZ
laVgejTgJjj, [ajT_geelQ [l\lVgdP j TgGjGgdP \jVagJjleeUi jediaicU VagN]ge j VlcY]gacd_g. "geeli [l^lNieji c_WTgel c Cla\jal_geji\ j TgZai[^ieji\ _
lSGicd_ieel\ clTegejj l[ai]i^ieeUM Ycdgel-
_lZ, ZldlaUi [ajT_geU: cCla\jal_gdP KY_cd_l _lc[ajWdjW \jVagJjle-
_
34
elQ c^YNSU ZgZ laVgejTgJjj, ZY]g Ki^l_iZ \lNid lSagdjdPcW _ ^HSlQ
\l\ied; [lZgTgdP lclSYH al^P j ld_idcd_ieelcdP lSGicd_g j ZgN]lVl
VagN]gejeg Tg clcdlWeji j Yal_ieP SiTl[gcelcdj _ cCiai \jVagJjj.
: cdaYZdYai \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU CYeZJjlejaYHd c[iJjg^PeUi
[l]agT]i^iejW c KaiT_UKgQel DjalZj\j [l^el\lKjW\j (c^YNSU [l
agSldi c lSGicd_ieelcdPH). Aai]j eg[ag_^iejQ jM ]iWdi^Pelcdj: lc_iGieji clSUdjQ, gZJjQ, l[iagJjQ
j d.]., lcYGicd_^Wi\UM \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSlQ; agTagSldZg ZagdZlcalKeUM, cai]eicalKeUM j ]l^VlcalKeUM [alVag\\, c_WTgeeUM c [lTjJjlejal_geji\ \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU; [ljcZ egjSl^ii ]lcdY[eUM j [aji\^i\UM Cla\ [lTjJjlejal_gejW; agT0Wceieji dlVl, ZgZ cg\g \jVagJjleegW c^YNSg _j]jd j lJiej_gid di j^j jeUi [alS^i\U j [al_l]j\Ui iH \ial[ajWdjW.
=l^lNieji _dlali — V^g_eU\ [al_l]ejZl\
[lTjJjlejal_gejW
W_^WHdcW ei c[iJjg^jTjal_geeUi cdaYZdYaU, g cg\j cldaY]ejZj \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU. =l?dl\Y aYZl_l]cd_l cdageU j \jVagJjleelQ
c^YNSU [UdgidcW [aj_^iKP Z agSldi _ \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSi egjSl^ii
lSagTl_geeUM VagN]ge, g dgZNi [ai]cdg_jdi^iQ diM clJjg^PeUM c^li_
egci^iejW, ZldlaUi _ cj^Y ZY^PdYaeUM j jcdlajKicZjM [ajKje jVagHd
Sl^PDYH al^P _ lSGicd_i.
<jVagJjleegW ]iWdi^PelcdP j [alCiccjW — ?dl c_lilSagTeUQ lSGicd_ieel-[l^jdjKicZjQ, Cjegecl_l-?Zlel\jKicZjQ j ZY^PdYaeUQ
Saie], ZldlaUQ eYN]gidcW _ Y\i^l\ \gaZidjeVi, _ ]idg^PelQ j dlKelQ [alagSldZi [al_l]j\UM gZJjQ, [aliZdl_ j ]iQcd_jQ, _ Cla\jal_gejj KidZjM gcclJjgdj_eUM c_WTiQ. : agT_jdjj ]geelVl Saie]g ei
cYGicd_Yid \i^lKiQ. FgSldg egKjegidcW c \g^lVl — egT_gejW j _eiDeiVl _j]g \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU. : egT_gejj _ciM laVgel_ \jVag
JjleelQ c^YNSU CjVYajaYHd dgZji [aj^gVgdi^PeUi, ZgZ «egJjleg^PegW», j^j cYGicd_jdi^PeUi «c^YNSg», Z ZldlaU\ \lVYd SUdP ]lSg_^ieU egJjleg^Pel-jcdlajKicZji egj\iel_gejW.
=l^lNieji daidPi — Cla\jal_geji j [lcdlWeeli [l]]iaNj_geji _
lSGicd_ieel\ clTegejj \eiejW, Kdl _ \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSi agSldgHd
dl^PZl [alCiccjleg^U. =alCiccjleg^jT\ — cY\\g _Tgj\lc_WTgeeUM
j, _ dl Ni _ai\W, CYeZJjleg^Pel cg\lcdlWdi^PeUM ?^i\iedl_. Aai]j ejM
ei dl^PZl
c[iJjg^PeUi eg_UZj j TegejW, el j dgZji \lag^Pel-?djKicZji
ZgKicd_g, ZgZ _ej\gdi^PelcdP, KYdZlcdP j Y_gNjdi^Peli ldelDieji Z
VagN]geg\, daiSl_gdi^PelcdP Z ciSi, ]lSaldg j clKY_cd_ji. .gN]UQ cldaY]ejZ \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU ]l^Nie [lcdlWeel egMl]jdPcW _ cjcdi\i
ei[aiaU_elVl lSYKiejW j cg\llSagTl_gejW, [lcZl^PZY dl^PZl lSagTl_geel\Y j [l]Vldl_^ieel\Y cldaY]ejZY [l cj^g\ Yc[iDel agTagSgdU_gdP j aig^jTl_U_gdP
[l^lNiejW \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU j ii ld]i^PeUi
eg[ag_^iejW; clld_idcd_l_gdP lSagTY, clT]g_gi\l\Y _ ag\ZgM [lTjJjlejal_gejW, \gaZidjeVg j aiZ^g\U.
-
35
: aW]i cdage A egYKeUi JiedaU j YKiSeUi Tg_i]iejW lcYGicd_^WHd _icP Zl\[^iZc \ial[ajWdjQ, c_WTgeeUM c Zg]al_U\ lSic[iKieji\
]iWdi^Pelcdj \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU. 7ej cdalVl CYeZJjleg^PeU:
ZgN]gW cdY[ieP lSYKiejW, ZgZ [ag_j^l, lcYGicd_^WidcW jcZ^HKjdi^Pel
eg SgTi l]elVl YKiSelVl Tg_i]iejW. =al_l]Wd TgeWdjW ^jJg SiT YKieUM
cdi[ieiQ, el j\iHGji \elVl^idejQ [agZdjKicZjQ l[Ud.
: [lc^i]eji Vl]U [al_l]WdcW jcc^i]l_gejW
_ cCiai \jVagJjleelQ
]iWdi^Pelcdj, ZldlaUi [ajeWdl ldelcjdP Z cg\lcdlWdi^Pel\Y egYKel\Y eg[ag_^iejH j ]gNi ldagc^j TegejQ — \jVagJijcdjZi. :l[alc
l cg\lcdlWdi^Pelcdj \jVagJijcdjZj ]l_l^Pel c[laie. 7]egZl, _UclZgW egYKegW [alagSldZg ]iWdi^Pelcdj \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU, lclSieel _ _l[alcgM [lTjJjlejal_gejW ei _UTU_gid cl\eiejQ. l^PDjecd_l [ajej\gi\UM j aig^jTYi\UM aiDiejQ [alMl]Wd c_lilSagTeYH _eYdaieeHH «lSZgdZY» [Ydi\ [lcdaliejW
Y\lTajdi^PeUM Yc^l_eUM \l]i^iQ, eg aYZl_l]jdi^iQ \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU _lT^gVgidcW
[aW\gW lSWTgeelcdP dGgdi^PeU\ lSagTl\ jcc^i]l_gdP _ci _lT\lNeUi
_gajgedU aiDiejW [alS^i\U, g dgZNi [alVelTjal_gdP ZgZ [lTjdj_eUi,
dgZ j eiVgdj_eUi aiTY^PdgdU lcYGicd_^Wi\UM ]iQcd_jQ.
=agZdjZg [lTjJjlejal_gejW KaiT_UKgQel \elVllSagTeg j ei jcKia[U_gidcW [aj_i]ieeU\j [aj\iag\j. *l lcel_U_gWcP eg ejM, \lNel Vl_lajdP l c^i]YHGjM lcel_eUM eg[ag_^iejWM
[lTjJjlejal_gejW:
1) aiZ^g\el-jeCla\gJjleeli — cjcdi\g DjalZlVl j _cicdlaleeiVl jeCla\jal_gejW VagN]ge j lSGicd_g: lSl _ciM gc[iZdgM ]iWdi^Pelcdj \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU (g]aic, di^iCle, _gZgecjj j agSldg _
\jVagJjleelQ c^YNSi j d.[.); l cl]iaNgejj Yc^YV, lZgTU_gi\UM \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSlQ c [ai]lcdg_^ieji\ [l]alSelQ ZledgZdelQ jeCla\gJjj j YZgTgeji\ ld_idcd_ieeUM ^jJ j ]a.;
2) jecdjdYJjleg^Pel-
jeCla\gJjleeli — Ji^ieg[ag_^ieegW ]iWdi^PelcdP [l Ycdgel_^iejH j [l]]iaNgeji ]_YcdlaleejM c_WTiQ c lcel_eU\j jecdjdYdg\j lSGicd_g j lSUKeU\j VagN]geg\j: aiZaYdjal_geji _ \jVagJjleeYH c^YNSY [ai]cdg_jdi^iQ _ciM c^li_ lSGicd_g;
VjSZgW j _cicdlaleeW cjcdi\g YKidg lSGicd_ieelVl \eiejW; Ji^ieg[ag_^ieegW j ]l^VlcalKegW agSldg [l _l_^iKiejH A<$ _ \jVagJjleeYH ]iWdi^PelcdP, _ dl\ Kjc^i jediaeid-diMel^lVjQ
.
!eg^jT [l^jdjZl-clJjg^PeUM gc[iZdl_ aig^jTgJjj ]lZdajeU
«^H]j — Z^jiedU \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU» _ cjcdi\i VagN]gecZlVl
lSGicd_g [lT_l^Wid c]i^gdP c^i]YHGji _U_l]U:
6 gZdj_eli [lTjJjlejal_geji \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU _ ag\ZgM
[gadeiacZlQ \l]i^j ZgKicd_ieeU\ lSagTl\ \ieWid ii lS^jZ j ld-
elDieji Z eiQ lSGicd_g, g dgZNi [l_UDgid clJjg^PeYH TegKj-
\lcdP c^YNSU _ cjcdi\i laVgel_ VlcY]gacd_ieelQ _^gcdj;
_ ]i\lZagdjKicZl\ VlcY]gacd_i CYeZJjj j Tg]gKj, _lT^lNieeUi
6
eg \jVagJjleeYH c^YNSY, ei W_^WHdcW ii jcZ^HKjdi^PelQ \lel[l-
36
^jiQ. : c^YKgi ei?CCiZdj_elQ ]iWdi^Pelcdj \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU
KgcdP ii Tg]gK \lNid SUdP ]i^iVjal_geg ]aYVj\ laVgeg\ j cdaYZ-
dYag\, j eglSlald. #^g_eli — aiTY^Pdgd, cdi[ieP j cl]iaNgeji
lSic[iKiejW \jVagJjleelQ c_lSl]U j SiTl[gcelcdj VagN]ge;
6 \jVagJjleeli [lTjJjlejal_geji — \elVlYal_ei_UQ [alJicc,
egKjegHGjQcW c \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU _ Ji^l\ ZgZ laVgejTgJjj
j TgZgeKj_gHGjQcW lSUKeU\j cldaY]ejZg\j, TgdagVj_gW ZgN]li
[l]agT]i^ieji j ZgN]UQ
\jVagJjleeUQ jecdjdYd. 7cel_lQ ]l_i-
ajW W_^WidcW c_li_ai\ieel agT0WceieegW j ]lcdY[egW jeCla\gJjW
1
l agSldi \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU
.
: TgZ^HKieji c^i]Yid ld\idjdP, Kdl [agZdjKicZgW aig^jTgJjW lcYGicd_^Wi\UM \ial[ajWdjQ _ agcc\gdaj_gi\lQ cCiai _lT\lNeg _ ag\ZgM ld]i^PelQ _i]l\cd_ieelQ ZleJi[Jjj. : Kgcdelcdj, B<A Flccjj
_TW^g Tg lcel_Y agT_jdjW [ajeJj[U cldaY]ejKicd_g eg ]l^VlcalKeYH
[iac[iZdj_Y c Ji^PH jT\iejdP cYGicd_YHGYH cjdYgJjH. dl [lT_l^jd
Bi]iag^PelQ \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSi [aidie]l_gdP eg c_lilSagTeUQ Zai]jd ]l_iajW cl cdlaleU egci^iejW
. : \gcDdgSgM _UDiegT_geelQ Zle-
Ji[Jjj Ji^icllSagTel [ai]^lNjdP, ZgZ \jej\Y\, ]_i jejJjgdj_U:
6 «ld lJieZj aiTY^Pdgdl_ Z Y[ag_^iejH [alJiccg\j». : ii ag\ZgM
gZdj_el lc_iGgdP j ]i\lecdajal_gdP [iai\ieU _ cjcdi\i lSYKi-
ejW j [l]Vldl_Zj cldaY]ejZl_ B<A Flccjj;
6 «c_WTP c ^H]P\j». *ilSMl]j\l [aj_^iKP _ej\geji lSGicd_g Z
[alS^i\g\ B<A Flccjj, c l]elQ cdlaleU,
j [al]l^NjdP [ailSagTl_geji B<A Flccjj _ eg[ag_^iejj ldZaUdlcdj j ]lcdY[elcdj, —
c ]aYVlQ.
$ediVagJjW j \gZcj\g^Peli clld_idcd_ji [ajeJj[g\ ]i\lZagdj-
KicZlVl VlcY]gacd_g j VagN]gecZlVl lSGicd_g ]l^NeU cdgdP aYZl_l]WGiQ lcel_lQ _ [alJicci lSel_^iejW B<A Flccjj. dld ]^jdi^PeUQ
j c^lNeUQ [alJicc [ldaiSYid \gZcj\g^PelQ Zlecl^j]gJjj cj^ _ciVl
VlcY]gacd_g j lSGicd_g. 7]egZl, jelVl [Ydj ei cYGicd_Yid
. : ZagdZlcalKelQ [iac[iZdj_i — agTagSldZg j [ajeWdji egJjleg^PelQ cdagdiVjj [gadeiacd_g B<A Flccjj j lSGicd_g, g dgZNi g[alSgJjW ld]i^PeUM \ial[ajWdjQ; _ cai]eicalKelQ — [l?dg[egW jediVagJjW _ cjcdi\Y
jecdjdYdl_ VagN]gecZlVl lSGicd_g; _ ]l^VlcalKelQ — egKg^l aig^jTgJjj lcel_eUM [l^lNiejQ ZleJi[Jjj lSc^YNj_gejW egci^iejW eg lcel_i ]lcdjVeYdUM aiTY^Pdgdl_ _c^i]cd_ji aig^jTgJjj ZagdZlcalKeUM
j cai]eicalKeUM [alVag\\.
#lcY]gacd_ieel-VagN]gecZli [gadeiacd_l _ cCiai \jVagJjj ZgZ cl_lZY[elcdP [YS^jKel-lSGicd_ieeUM jediaicl_ l[ai]i^Wid MgagZdia j
cl]iaNgeji aig^jTgJjj VlcY]gacd_ieelQ _^gcdj _ FlccjQcZlQ Bi]iag-
1
!cdg[ieZl =.*.
_al[iQcZlVl AlHTg j FlccjQcZlQ Bi]iagJjj: "jc. … ]lZd. Haj]. egYZ. <., 2009. A. 75.
.lecdjdYJjleel-[ag_l_Ui lcel_U ]iWdi^Pelcdj [l^jJjj (\j^jJjj) cdage
37
Jjj j VlcY]gacd_gM-K^iegM A j MgagZdiajTYid ]iWdi^PelcdP \jVagJjleeUM c^YNS ZgZ cYS0iZdl_ [l Zledal^H, eg]TlaY j lZgTgejH Yc^YV ZgN]l\Y _ aig^jTgJjj j\ [ag_ j c_lSl] j _Z^HKgid _ ciSW: lSGicd_ieellajiedjal_geeUi [ajeJj[U ]iWdi^Pelcdj \jVagJjleeUM c^YNS j jM
cldaY]ejKicd_l c laVgeg\j VlcY]gacd_ieelQ _^gcdj, lSGicd_l\, VagN]geg\j; _cicdlaleeHH j \elVlYal_ei_YH cjcdi\Y
lSGicd_ieelVl Zledal^W eg] \jVagJjleeU\j c^YNSg\j j ld_idcd_ieelcdP _ciM cYS0iZdl_
Tg Yal_ei\ g]\jejcdagdj_el-[ag_l_lQ TgGjdU j clS^H]ieji\ [ag_
daY]WGjMcW-\jVagedl_; _UclZYH cdi[ieP gZdj_elcdj ZgN]lVl _ cg\lcdlWdi^Pel\ jejJjjal_gejj j aiDiejj lSGicd_ieel-TegKj\UM [alS^i\ j _l[alcl_ _ cCiai \jVagJjj; c_i]ieji Z \jej\Y\Y \idl]l_ g]\jejcdagdj_elVl [ajeYN]iejW _ ]iWdi^Pelcdj \jVagJjleeUM c^YNS.
§§3. 7SGicd_ieeUQ Zledal^P Tg ]iWdi^PelcdPH
\jVagJjleeUM c^YNS
Al_ai\ieeUi VlcY]gacd_l_i]U agcc\gdaj_gHd Zledal^P egci^iejW eg] VlcY]gacd_l\ ZgZ l]je jT gdajSYdl_ ]i\lZagdjj j Yc^l_ji
?CCiZdj_elQ VlcY]gacd_ieelQ _^gcdj. gZ, DjalZli agc[alcdageieji
ciVl]eW [ajlSai^g dilajW Z^jiedcZjM ldelDiejQ (gViedcZgW dilajW)
"^W VlcY]gacd_g VagN]gei j lSGicd_l — Z^jiedU, ZldlaU\ eilSMl]j\l lZgTU_gdP ZgKicd_ieeUi ZleZYaiedeUi j _lcdaiSl_geeUi Yc^YVj. gZgW \l]i^P _Tgj\lagT_jdjW VlcY]gacd_g j lSGicd_g, V]i [ai]lcdg_^ieji ZgKicd_ieeUM VlcY]gacd_ieeUM Yc^YV — Z^HKi_gW CYeZJjW
VlcY]gacd_g, _icP\g ?CCiZdj_eg j _lcdaiSl_geg: agTagSgdU_gHdcW VlcY]gacd_ieeUi cdge]gadU [YS^jKeUM Yc^YV (g]\jejcdagdj_eUi aiV^g\iedU j d.[.), _ei]aWHdcW ?CCiZdj_eUi j Y[alGieeUi
lZgTgejW (?^iZdaleeUi Yc^YVj, [ajeJj[U «l]elVl lZeg» j ]a.). *l
_lTejZgid TgZlel\iaeUQ _l[alc: Zdl lcYGicd_^Wid Zledal^P Tg _U[l^eieji\ cl cdlaleU VlcY]gacd_g ]lVl_laeUM lSWTgdi^Pcd_. =ai][l^gVgidcW, Kdl ?dj CYeZJjj ]l^Nel _TWdP eg ciSW VagN]gecZli lSGicd_l, Zldlali «…YKgcd_Yid _ Y[ag_^iejj cdagelQ j, Zal\i c[lclSelcdj gcclJjjal_gdPcW (_ [gadjj, clHTU, ]_jNiejW),
]iaNj_gdP c VlcY]gacd_l\… ag_el[ag_eUi ]lVl_laeUi (ZlecdjdYJjleeUi) ldelDiejW, _Z^HKgHGji Zledal^P _^gcdj»
Cla\U jM
c[lclSel [l]-
2
.
1
.
1
#ajDZl_iJ !..
_Tgj\l]iQcd_jW ([agZdjZg Flccjj) // #lcY]gacd_l j [ag_l. 2004. & 1. A. 24; #agN]gecZli
lSGicd_l, [ag_l_li VlcY]gacd_l j [ag_l (ZaYV^UQ cdl^ NYa. «#lcY]gacd_l j [ag_l» j «:l[alcU Cj^lclCjj») // #lcY]gacd_l j [ag_l. 2002. & 1. A. 49.
2
.ag_KieZl $.$.
#lcY]gacd_ieegW c^YNSg j VagN]gecZli lSGicd_l: =ag_l_Ui [alS^i\U
=l^jdjZg j clTegeji. <., 2004.
38
=l] laVgeg\j VlcY]gacd_ieelQ _^gcdj j Y[ag_^iejW [lej\gidcW
DjalZjQ ZaYV laVgel_ j ^jJ, ]iQcd_YHGjM ld j\iej lCjJjg^PelQ _^gcdj, _ dl\ Kjc^i laVgeU \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU j jM ]l^NelcdeUi ^jJg.
7]egZl, c^i]Yid [l]KiaZeYdP, Kdl ldelDiejW lSGicd_g j VlcY]gacd_g l[ai]i^WHdcW ZgZ ldelDiejW cYS0iZdg j lS0iZdg Zledal^PeUM [ag_lldelDiejQ c l[ai]i^ieelQ ]l^iQ Yc^l_elcdj. 7cel_egW
[ajKjeg _
dl\, Kdl ZgdiVlajW «Zledal^P» MgagZdiajTYidcW ZgZ ldelDieji «_^gcdP[l]Kjeieji» j [aiN]i _ciVl ZgZ gdajSYd l]elVl jT YKgcdejZl_ ?djM ldelDiejQ — _^gcd_YHGiVl. =l egDi\Y \eiejH, dgZgW [lcdgel_Zg _l[alcg [aj\iejdi^Peg Z dgZ egTU_gi\l\Y VlcY]gacd_ieel\Y Zledal^H.
dl Ni ZgcgidcW Zledal^PeUM CYeZJjQ VagN]gecZlVl lSGicd_g, dl lej
ei dgZ W_el _UagNieU. : ldelDiejj ]iQcd_ieelcdj
\iMgejT\l_ lSGicd_ieelVl Zledal^W eid l]elTegKelQ [lTjJjj ej _ dilajj, ej eg [agZdjZi, g cdgel_^ieji j agT_jdji dgZlVl jecdjdYdg [aldiZgid _ lcdal\
[aldj_lSlacd_i agT^jKeUM lSGicd_ieel-[l^jdjKicZjM cj^ j diKiejQ.
$\ieel [l ?dlQ [ajKjei lSGicd_l _ Sl^PDjecd_i c^YKgi_ agcc\gdaj_gidcW dl^PZl ZgZ lS0iZd Zledal^W.
: cl_ai\ieeUM Yc^l_jWM VlcY]gacd_Y [ajeg]^iNjd aYZl_l]WGgW
al^P
_ clT]gejj j laVgejTgJjj ?CCiZdj_elVl lSGicd_ieelVl Zledal^W
(7SGicd_ieegW [g^gdg, 7SGicd_ieeUi cl_idU [aj laVgegM _^gcdj, jecdjdYdU Y[l^el\lKieelVl [l [ag_g\ Ki^l_iZg j aiSieZg, lSGicd_ieeUi [aji\eUi, egS^H]gdi^PeUi Zl\jccjj j ]a.). *l [l^elJieeUQ
lSGicd_ieeUQ Zledal^P _lT\lNie dl^PZl _ c^YKgi iVl cg\llaVgejTgJjj, ZldlagW W_^WidcW lcel_l[l^gVgHGj\ Yc^l_ji\ VagN]gecZlVl lSGicd_g. : egcdlWGii _ai\W [alJiccU
cg\llaVgejTgJjj lSGicd_ieelVl
Zledal^W _UagNgHdcW, _ [ia_YH lKiai]P, _ ]iWdi^Pelcdj lSGicd_ieeUM lS0i]jeiejQ, ei[ag_jdi^Pcd_ieeUM [ag_lTgGjdeUM laVgejTgJjQ, [alCclHTl_, _ agSldi cai]cd_ \gccl_lQ jeCla\gJjj, _ aig^jTgJjj VagN]gecZjM jejJjgdj_ j ]a.
7SGicd_ieeUQ Zledal^P — DjalZgW ZgdiVlajW; iVl c[iJjCjZg, _
[ia_YH lKiai]P, l[ai]i^WidcW DjalZlQ eg[ag_^ieelcdPH, V]i _ ZgKicd_i
lcel_elVl ?^i\iedg _UcdY[gid lS0iZd lSGicd_ieelVl Zledal^W. 7]egZl,
lSGicd_ieeUQ
Zledal^P ei c_l]jdcW dl^PZl Z Zledal^H ]iWdi^Pelcdj
VlcY]gacd_ieeUM laVgel_ j ]l^NelcdeUM ^jJ. 7e \lNid SUdP eg[ag_^ie
j eg cg\l lSGicd_l. : ?dl\ (DjalZl\) c\Uc^i lSGicd_ieeUQ Zledal^P
_UcdY[gid cai]cd_l\ clJjg^PelQ Vgagedjj [l_i]iejW iVl K^iel_ _ clld_idcd_jj c Ycdgel_^ieeU\j lSGicd_ieeU\j ela\g\j j JieelcdW\j
1
: ZgKicd_i lSGiVl _U_l]g ldelcjdi^Pel eg[ag_^ieelcdj (lS0iZdg)
lSGicd_ieelVl Zledal^W _ cCiai \jVagJjj c^i]Yid ld\idjdP c^i]YH-
.
1
=l^iGYZ !.A.
cZlQ Bi]iagJjj: "jc. … Zge]. Haj]. egYZ. <., 2012.
.lecdjdYJjleel-[ag_l_Ui lcel_U lSGicd_ieelVl Zledal^W _ FlccjQ-
39
Gii. 7clSieelcdj lSGicd_ieelVl Zledal^W TgZ^HKgHdcW _ _lT\lNelcdj lM_gdg _ciM clJjg^PeUM cCia j _j]l_ ]iWdi^Pelcdj. dl ei lTegKgid, Kdl cYS0iZd lSGicd_ieelVl Zledal^W ]l^Nie _USagdP j\ieel dY
[alS^i\eYH cCiaY, [al_iaZg _ ZldlalQ eilSMl]j\g j Ji^icllSagTeg.
7SGicd_ieeUQ Zledal^P _ cCiai \jVagJjj — ?dl laVgejTl_geegW
cjcdi\g (\iMgejT\) Zledal^PeUM \ial[ajWdjQ, [al_l]j\UM jecdjdYdg\j VagN]gecZlVl lSGicd_g j
ld]i^Pel VagN]geg\j, eg[ag_^ieeUM eg _UW_^ieji j [aiciKieji egaYDiejQ [ag_ j c_lSl] Ki^l_iZg cl
cdlaleU Ci]iag^PelVl laVgeg jc[l^ejdi^PelQ _^gcdj j jM ]l^NelcdeUM ^jJ, eg [ai][ajWdjWM agT^jKelQ Cla\U clScd_ieelcdj, _ Ji^WM
YZai[^iejW cdgSj^PeUM VagN]gecZjM ldelDiejQ _ lSGicd_i, [l_UDiejW ?CCiZdj_elcdj ]iWdi^Pelcdj [l Zledal^H, eg]TlaY j lZgTgejH VlcY]gacd_ieeUM Yc^YV _ cCiai
\jVagJjj, g dgZNi clS^H]iejW
]jcJj[^jeU, [ag_l[laW]Zg j lSic[iKieji [ag_g VagN]ge eg c_lSl]Y
[iai]_jNiejW j _USla \icdg Njdi^Pcd_g.
: DjalZl\ c\Uc^i Ji^PH lSGicd_ieelVl Zledal^W _ cCiai \jVagJjj W_^WidcW Cla\jal_geji Yc^l_jQ, _ ZldlaUM laVgeU _^gcdj c^YNgd
jcZ^HKjdi^Pel lSGicd_ieeU\ jediaicg\ j _ _UcDiQ cdi[iej ld_idcd_ieeU j [l]Zledal^PeU lSGicd_Y. TZjQ [l]Ml] [ai][l^gVgid [aj_^iKieji
_ej\gejW laVgel_ _^gcdj j lSGicd_ieelcdj Z TegKj\lQ [alS^i\i j cdj\Y^jal_geji ii aiDiejW; Ycdageieji T^lY[ldaiS^iejQ j egaYDiejQ TgZlel]gdi^Pcd_g, Zledal^P eg] clS^H]ieji\ [ag_ Ki^l_iZg;
[l_UDieji ZgKicd_g Yc^YV j ZgKicd_g agSldU Kjel_ejZl_ j ]a.
1
.
. lSGj\ Tg]gKg\ lSGicd_ieelVl Zledal^W _ cCiai \jVagJjj c^i]Yid ldelcjdP: lcYGicd_^ieji lSagdelQ c_WTj \iN]Y laVgeg\j _^gcdj j
lSGicd_l\, eg[ag_^ieji VlcY]gacd_ieelQ [l^jdjZj eg [YdP lSic[iKiejW
lSGicd_ieeUM jediaicl_, \jag j c[ag_i]^j_lcdj, lSic[iKieji je]j_j]Y
[ag_l_lQ c_lSl]U j ag_iecd_g _lT\lNelcdiQ _ lSGicd_i ]^W egjSl^ii
[l^elQ aig^jTgJjj c_liVl _eYdaieeiVl [ldieJjg^g (lSic[iKieji c_lSl]U je]j_j]Yg^Pelcdj), cg\lagT_jdji, cg\lcl_iaDiecd_l_geji,
cg\laiVY^jal_geji j cg\l[ailSagTl_geji lSGicd_ieelQ cjcdi\U Y[ag_^iejW,
[alSYN]ieji je]j_j]Yg^PelVl j lSGicd_ieelVl cg\lclTegejW.
=agZdjKicZj\j Tg]gKg\j lSGicd_ieelVl Zledal^W _ cCiai \jVagJjj W_^WHdcW: Zlecl^j]gJjW (lS0i]jeieji Ycj^jQ) egci^iejW, egKjegW
c \icdelVl Yal_eW j TgZgeKj_gW Ci]iag^PeU\; _UagSldZg lSGjM [ajeJj[l_ aig^jTgJjj lSGicd_ieelVl Zledal^W; [agZdjKicZgW ]iWdi^PelcdP c jc[l^PTl_geji\ _ciM ]lcdY[eUM Cla\ iVl lcYGicd_^iejW.
7cel_eUi [ajeJj[U
lSGicd_ieelVl Zledal^W _ cCiai \jVagJjj:
TgZleelcdP, c_lSl]g lSGicd_ieelVl lS0i]jeiejW, eiTg_jcj\lcdP (ei-
1
i^Wi_ :.=.
=ag_l j [l^jdjZg. 2004. & 2. A. 15.
.ledal^P ZgZ Cla\g Haj]jKicZlQ ]iWdi^Pelcdj j VgagedjW TgZleelcdj //
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