Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Организационно-правовые основы регулирования миграционных процессов. Административно-правовой аспект. Монография
.pdf
agedl_, _ [alJicci jediVagJjj — lZl^l 7%. 7cel_egW KgcdP daY]WGjMcW-\jVagedl_ dgZ j^j jegKi g]g[djal_geg Z alccjQcZj\ aig^jW\,
^jSl Vldl_U Z eiQ; dl^PZl 1—2% \jVagedl_ cZ^leeU Z ciVaiVgJjj.
Bi]iag^PeU\ TgZlel\ «7 [ag_l_l\ [l^lNiejj jelcdageeUM
1
VagN]ge _ FlccjQcZlQ Bi]iagJjj»
__i]iel [leWdji «_UclZlZ_g^jCjJjal_geeUQ c[iJjg^jcd», ZldlaU\ W_^WidcW jelcdageeUQ VagN]geje,
j\iHGjQ l[Ud agSldU, eg_UZj j^j ]lcdjNiejW _ ZleZaidelQ lS^gcdj
]iWdi^Pelcdj, ic^j Yc^l_jW [aj_^iKiejW iVl Z daY]l_lQ ]iWdi^Pelcdj
_ FB [ai][l^gVgHd [l^YKieji j\ TgagSldelQ [^gdU _ agT\iai ]_YM j
Sl^ii \j^^jlel_ aYS^iQ Tg l]je Vl]. FgTaiDieji eg agSldY _UclZlZ_g^jCjJjal_geeU\ c[iJjg^jcdg\ _U]gidcW eg calZ
]l daiM ^id, ZldlaUQ \lNid SUdP eil]elZagdel [al]^ie eg calZ ]iQcd_jW daY]l_lVl
]lVl_lag. iaajdlajW ]iQcd_jW _U]g_gi\UM agTaiDiejQ \lNid SUdP
2 j Sl^ii cYS0iZdg FlccjQcZlQ Bi]iagJjj.
A 1 jH^W 2010 V. [l 31 \gadg 2012 V. SU^l _U]gel agTaiDiejQ eg
agSldY _UclZlZ_g^jCjJjal_geeU\ c[iJjg^jcdg\ eg 15 946 Ki^l_iZ
(jT ejM jelcdageeUi VagN]gei, [ajSU_Dji _ _jTl_l\ [laW]Zi, —
14 736 Ki^l_iZ, _ SiT_jTl_l\ — 1210
Ki^l_iZ). *gjSl^PDii Zl^jKicd_l _UclZlZ_g^jCjJjal_geeUM c[iJjg^jcdl_ lcYGicd_^Wid daY]l_YH ]iWdi^PelcdP _ cCiai l[iagJjQ c ei]_jNj\U\ j\YGicd_l\,
]g^ii c^i]YHd l[dl_gW j alTejKegW dlaVl_^W, lSagSgdU_gHGji [al-
2
jT_l]cd_g j cdaljdi^Pcd_l
.
"^W _UclZlZ_g^jCjJjal_geeUM c[iJjg^jcdl_, [aj_^iKieeUM Z
daY]l_lQ ]iWdi^Pelcdj aiTj]iedg\j diMejZl-_ei]aieKicZlQ lclSlQ
?Zlel\jKicZlQ TleU, Ycdgel_^ie [lalV TgagSldelQ [^gdU _ agT\iai
ei \ieii Ki\ 700 dUc. aYS.; ]^W ZgdiVlajj _UclZlZ_g^jCjJjal_geeUM
jelcdageeUM c[iJjg^jcdl_, YKgcd_YHGjM _ clT]gejj j lSic[iKiejj
CYeZJjlejal_gejW jeel_gJjleelVl Jiedag «AZl^Zl_l», ceWdU lVagejKiejW _ agT\iai TgagSldelQ [^gdU. .al\i dlVl, _ clld_idcd_jj c
TgZlel]gdi^Pcd_l\ _UclZlZ_g^jCjJjal_geeU\ jelcdageeU\
c[iJjg^jcdg\ j K^ieg\ jM ci\iQ SY]Yd _U]g_gdPcW \elVlZagdeUi lSUZel_ieeUi agSlKji _jTU, Kdl lc_lSlN]gid jM ld lCla\^iejW _jT [aj
ZgN]l\ _0iT]i _ FlccjQcZYH Bi]iagJjH.
gZNi, _UclZlZ_g^jCjJjal_geeUi jelcdageeUi c[iJjg^jcdU,
j\iHGji _ clScd_ieelcdj Nj^li [l\iGieji, eg]i^WHdcW [ag_l\ Ml]gdgQcd_l_gdP l _U]gKi [ajV^gDiejW eg _0iT] _ FlccjQcZYH Bi]iagJjH K^ieg\ c_liQ ci\Pj ]^W
[l^YKiejW j\j _jTU j _UcdY[gdP _ jM
ldelDiejj [ajej\gHGiQ cdlalelQ. .al\i dlVl, K^ieg\ ci\iQ _Ucl-
1
A% FB. 2002. & 30. Ad. 3032.
2
=l ]geeU\ B<A Flccjj Tg 2012 V.
141
ZlZ_g^jCjJjal_geeUM jelcdageeUM c[iJjg^jcdl_ [ai]lcdg_^WHdcW
[ag_l agSldgdP _ FlccjQcZlQ Bi]iagJjj _ei Z_ld, g [aj_^iZgHGji jM
agSldl]gdi^j lc_lSlN]ieU ld eilSMl]j\lcdj [l^YKiejW agTaiDiejW
eg [aj_^iKieji j jc[l^PTl_geji jelcdageeUM agSldejZl_, K^iel_
ci\iQ _UclZlZ_g^jCjJjal_geelVl c[iJjg^jcdg.
1 We_gaW 2012 V. _cdY[j^l _ cj^Y AlV^gDieji l [ag_l_l\ cdgdYci
daY]WGjMcW-\jVagedl_ j K^iel_ jM ci\iQ, [l^lNiejW\j ZldlalVl [ai]Yc\ldaiel TegKjdi^Peli Y[alGieji [laW]Zg [aiSU_gejW
j lcYGicd_^iejW daY]l_lQ ]iWdi^Pelcdj eg diaajdlajWM VlcY]gacd_ Adlale ]^W
daY]WGjMcW-\jVagedl_, W_^WHGjMcW VagN]geg\j VlcY]gacd_g l]elQ
jT Adlale, TgZleel egMl]WGjMcW j eg TgZleel\ lcel_gejj lcYGicd_^WHGjM daY]l_YH ]iWdi^PelcdP eg diaajdlajj VlcY]gacd_g ]aYVlQ
1
AdlaleU
.
"geeli AlV^gDieji cYGicd_ieeU\ lSagTl\ c[lclScd_Yid Y[alGiejH [laW]Zg [aiSU_gejW j lcYGicd_^iejW daY]l_lQ ]iWdi^Pelcdj
VagN]ge Fic[YS^jZj i^gaYcP, Fic[YS^jZj .gTgMcdge j FlccjQcZlQ
Bi]iagJjj eg diaajdlajWM VlcY]gacd_ Adlale, g dgZNi W_^WidcW l]ej\
jT jecdaY\iedl_ [l clT]gejH i]jelVl aUeZg daY]g j lSGiVl \jVagJjleelVl [alcdagecd_g. "geeUQ l[Ud YNi j\iidcW _ ag\ZgM AlHTelVl
VlcY]gacd_g, di[iaP le SY]id
agc[alcdageie eg .gTgMcdge.
.al\i dlVl, _ ag\ZgM = SY]Yd clT]geU \iNVlcY]gacd_ieeUi
SgTU ]geeUM, g dgZNi _UagSldgeU YejCjJjal_geeUi [l]Ml]U Z aig]\jccjj j _U]_laiejH, i]jelQ _jTl_lQ j [lVagejKelQ [l^jdjZi.
"^W Yc[iDelQ agSldU c jelcdageeU\j VagN]geg\j, [ajSU_gHGj\j ]^W lcYGicd_^iejW daY]l_lQ ]iWdi^Pelcdj eg diaajdlajH FB,
eilSMl]j\l clT]geji Jiedal_ ]l\jVagJjleelQ [l]Vldl_Zj. $TYKieji [agZdjZj
[lZgTg^l, Kdl [lTjJjW B<A Flccjj dgZl_g: eYNel clT]g_gdP dgZji JiedaU ZgZ _ cdagegM jcMl]g jelcdageeUM VagN]ge, dgZ
j eg diaajdlajj FB. 7]egZl, lclSli _ej\geji cdljd Y]i^WdP dgZj\
Jiedag\ Tg aYSiNl\, dgZ ZgZ j\ieel dg\ daY]WGjicW-\jVagedU \lVYd
[l^YKjdP SgTl_YH [l]Vldl_ZY iGi ]l [ajiT]g _ FlccjH. :\icdi c di\,
eg]l YKjdU_gdP cZal\eUi
_lT\lNelcdj Sl^PDjecd_g cdage SU_DiVl
AAAF, j Sl^ii agT_jdYH \gdiajg^Pel-diMejKicZYH SgTY _ Flccjj, [l?dl\Y dgZji JiedaU eYNel clT]g_gdP dgZNi T]icP, _ dl\ Kjc^i c [aj_^iKieji\ Zg[jdg^g agSldl]gdi^iQ, Tgjediaicl_geeUM _ jelcdageeUM agSldejZgM.
A ciedWSaW 2011 V. B<A Flccjj, cl_\icdel c Ble]l\ «FYccZjQ
\ja», aig^jTYidcW «[j^ldeUQ» [aliZd [l lSYKiejH VagN]ge .jaVjT-
Fic[YS^jZj (]l 100 Ki^l_iZ) j VagN]ge Fic[YS^jZj g]NjZjcdge
cZlQ
1
A% FB. 2011. & 5. Ad. 546.
142
(]l 100 Ki^l_iZ) aYccZl\Y WTUZY _ ag\ZgM [alCiccjleg^PelQ [l]Vl-
dl_Zj eg SgTi [alCiccjleg^Pel-diMejKicZlVl ^jJiW & 16 _ V. 7D j eg
SgTi = & 66 _ V. "YDgeSi. .al\i dlVl, _ ciedWSai 2011 V. clcdlW^lcP
ldZaUdji Cj^jg^g .gTgecZlVl egJjleg^PelVl jcc^i]l_gdi^PcZlVl diMel^lVjKicZlVl Yej_iacjdidg (.*$) eg SgTi =alCiccjleg^PelVl
^jJiW & 25 _ V. .ged (.jaVjTcZgW Fic[YS^jZg).
7]ej\
jT CgZdlal_ dagecCla\gJjj \jVagJjleelQ [l^jdjZj VlcY]gacd_ A*# cdg^ _TaU_elQ alcd _eiDejM daY]l_UM \jVagJjQ. AiVl]eW ?dl _lc[aljT_l]jdcW eg jelQ lcel_i — cdageg\j, [ajej\gHGj\j j ld]gHGj\j daY]l_UM \jVagedl_. . [ia_U\ ldelcWdcW FlccjW,
i^laYccjW, .gTgMcdge, g Zl _dlaU\ — _ci lcdg^PeUi VlcY]gacd_g Al]aYNicd_g. FgTY\iidcW, ?dl ]i^ieji Yc^l_el, _ciV]g icdP _cdaiKeUi [ldlZj, [YcdP j eiclagT\iaeUi [l \gcDdgSg\; daY]WGjMcW-\jVagedl_
1
]gNi jT Flccjj \lNel _cdaidjdP _l _ciM cdagegM A*#
.
=l^lNiejW \iN]Yegal]eUM cdge]gadl_ l[ai]i^WHd lclSli \icdl
daY]WGiVlcW-\jVagedg _ cjcdi\i g]\jejcdagdj_el-[ag_l_UM ldelDiejQ, _U]_jVgHd aig^jTgJjH iVl [ag_ _ ZgKicd_i [ajeJj[g, ]iQcd_YHGiVl _ lSGicd_i j VlcY]gacd_i. : cdaYZdYai ]iWdi^Pelcdj ^HSlVl
VlcY]gacd_ieelVl laVgeg _l[alcU lSic[iKiejW aig^jTgJjj [ag_ daY]WGjMcW-\jVagedl_ Tgej\gHd _gNeli \icdl, el ei W_^WHdcW lcel_eU\j. : c_WTj c
?dj\, _lTejZgid eilSMl]j\lcdP clT]gejW \iNVlcY]gacd_ieeUM laVgel_, ei[lcai]cd_ieel c[iJjg^jTjaYHGjMcW eg aiDiejj
Tg]gK _ cCiai \jVagJjj.
A^i]Yid ld\idjdP, Kdl al^P [ag_llMagejdi^PeUM laVgel_ agT^jKeUM VlcY]gacd_ _ aiDiejj _l[alcl_ aig^jTgJjj [ag_ j c_lSl] daY]WGj\jcW-\jVagedg\j ]g^iZl ei l]jegZl_g. dl lS0WceWidcW agT^jKji\
CYeZJjQ, Zl\[idieJjQ, _i]l\cd_ieelQ [ajeg]^iNelcdj, Cla\, \idl]l_, Yc^l_jQ agSldU, g dgZNi cj^
j cai]cd_, ZldlaU\j ?dj laVgeU agc[l^gVgHd. 7cel_eYH egVaYTZY _ aig^jTgJjj [ag_g VagN]geg\j eg
c_lSl]Y [iai]_jNiejW, _USla \icdg agSldU eicYd, ZgZ [ag_j^l, \jVagJjleeUi c^YNSU dlVl j^j jelVl VlcY]gacd_g. "iWdi^PelcdP \jVagJjleeUM c^YNS cdalVl aiV^g\iedjal_geg clld_idcd_YHGj\j [ag_l_U\j ]lZY\iedg\j, eiYZlcejdi^Peli c^i]l_geji ZldlaU\ W_^WidcW _gNelQ VgagedjiQ _U[l^eiejW _lT^lNieeUM eg ejM CYeZJjQ
. icel _Tgj\l]iQcd_YW \iN]Y clSlQ, c[iJjg^jTjaYWcP eg aiDiejj ZleZaideUM
Tg]gK, lej c\lVYd ]l[l^ejdP ]aYV ]aYVg, lSagTl_g_ cdalQeYH cjcdi\Y,
lSic[iKj_gHGYH aig^jTgJjH [ag_ j c_lSl] daY]WGjMcW-\jVagedl_.
1
<YZl\i^P :.
aY]l_gW \jVagJjW _ A*# c [lTjJjj lSGicd_g, ci\Pj j ^jKelcdj // aY]l_gW \jVagJjW
_ Flccjj. :U[. 2. <., 2001.
<jVagJjleegW [l^jdjZg Flccjj. <., 2005. A. 36, 37;
143
%gQleKZl_cZgW .!.
: clKidgejj c \iN]Yegal]eU\j [ajeJj[g\j, cai]cd_g\j, [alJi]Yag\j, Cla\g\j j \idl]g\j ]iWdi^Pelcdj, [ai]egTegKieeU\j ]^W aig^jTgJjj [ag_ j c_lSl] daY]WGiVlcW-\jVagedg, dgZgW cjcdi\g ]l^Neg
j\idP lclSUQ, c^lNeUQ j \elVlcdlaleejQ ZgZ _ laVgejTgJjleel-[l^jdjKicZl\, dgZ j _ Haj]jKicZl\ ldelDiejj g]\jejcdagdj_el-[ag_l_lQ \iMgejT\, ZldlaUQ agcZaU_gidcW KiaiT cjcdi\Y \iN]Yegal]el[ag_l_UM j ZlecdjdYJjleel-
[ag_l_UM ela\, ]iWdi^PelcdP cYS0iZdl_
j lS0iZdl_, MgagZdia c_WTiQ \iN]Y ej\j j jeUi Cla\U.
.al\i dlVl, cYGelcdP dgZlVl \iMgejT\g _UagNgidcW _ ]jeg\jZi,
ZlV]g [alJicc [ai_agGiejW [ag_l_UM ela\, TgZ^HKieeUM _ g]\jejcdagdj_el-[ag_l_lQ \l]i^j ZleZaideUM Haj]jKicZjM _lT\lNelcdiQ,
[l^YKgid ]iQcd_ieeli lcYGicd_^ieji.
"jcZYccjleeUQ MgagZdia [leWdjQ lMageU, TgGjdU, lSic[iKiejW
[ag_ j c_lSl] daY]WGjMcW-\jVagedl_ ei \lNid ei
ldagTjdcW eg [alS^i\i [leWdjW \iMgejT\g _ dilajj g]\jejcdagdj_elVl [ag_g. !]\jejcdagdj_el-[ag_l_lQ \iMgejT\ ldagNgid: cYGicd_ieeUi KiadU daY]WGjMcW-\jVagedl_, jM lcel_eUi [ag_g j c_lSl]U; Ji^P [ag_l_lVl VlcY]gacd_g, eg[ag_^ieeYH eg clT]geji Yc^l_jQ ]^W ]lcdjNiejW S^gVlclcdlWejW ZgN]lVl, lSic[iKieji ag_eUM _lT\lNelcdiQ ]^W agcZaUdjW
d_laKicZlVl [ldieJjg^g _ daY]i; lSic[iKieji lSGicd_ieelVl [laW]Zg
SiTl[gcelcdj, VgagedjQ [ag_ j c_lSl] je]j_j]g ZgZ V^g_elQ Tg]gKj
j
[ag_l_lVl VlcY]gacd_g.
.gZ SU^l cZgTgel _UDi, ZleJi[dYg^PeUi [l^lNiejW cjcdi\U
g]\jejcdagdj_el-[ag_l_lVl \iMgejT\g aiVY^jal_gejW daY]l_lQ
\jVagJjj egci^iejW SgTjaYHdcW eg ela\gM \iN]Yegal]elVl [ag_g,
TgZlel]gdi^Pcd_i j \iN]Yegal]eUM clV^gDiejWM, _ clld_idcd_jj c
ZldlaU\j lSic[iKieji aig^jTgJjj [ag_ j c_lSl] daY]WGjMcW-\jVagedl_ W_^WidcW l]ej\ jT _gNeUM eg[ag_^iejQ VlcY]gacd_ieelQ
]iWdi^Pelcdj.
#lcY]gacd_l [ajT_gel jVagdP aiDgHGYH al^P _ laVgejTgJjj g]\jejcdagdj_el-[ag_l_lVl aiVY^jal_gejW daY]l_lQ \jVagJjj. 7el
[ai]cdg_^Wid clSlQ egjSl^ii ]iQcd_ieeUQ [YdP _ SlaPSi c egaYDiejW\j, [lcZl^PZY ei dl^PZl YcdageWid, el j Y[aiN]gid cg\lH _lT\lNelcdP cl_iaDiejW egaYDiejQ lcel_eUM [ag_ j c_lSl].
FiVY^jal_geji daY]l_lQ \jVagJjj j ii TgGjdg [lT_l^WHd [aia_gdP [aldj_l[ag_eYH ]iWdi^PelcdP,
ei ]l[YcZgdP egcdY[^iejW _ai]eUM
[lc^i]cd_jQ ld [lcWVgdi^Pcd_ eg lSGicd_ieeUi ldelDiejW. !]\jejcdagdj_el-[ag_l_lQ \iMgejT\ ]gid _lT\lNelcdP aiDgdP Tg]gKj SlaPSU c egaYDiejW\j egjSl^ii VY\geeU\j c[lclSg\j, c egj\iePDj\j
jT]iaNZg\j ]^W lSGicd_g j SiT [aj\ieiejW dgZlQ Cla\U VlcY]gacd_ieelVl [ajeYN]iejW, ZgZ YVl^l_eli egZgTgeji.
144
$cMl]W jT jT^lNieelVl, eilSMl]j\l ld\idjdP, Kdl [l] g]\jejcdagdj_el-[ag_l_U\ \iMgejT\l\, aiVY^jaYHGj\ daY]l_YH \jVagJjH, [lej\gidcW cjcdi\g g]\jejcdagdj_el-[ag_l_UM ela\, [ag_l\iaegW ]iWdi^PelcdP agT^jKeUM cYS0iZdl_ j MgagZdiaeUi c_WTj \iN]Y
ej\j, lSGji j c[iJjg^PeUi Vgagedjj, g dgZNi agTellSagTeUi [l^jdjZl-[ag_l_Ui, clJjg^Pel-?Zlel\jKicZji j jeUi Cla\U j \idl]U,
c[lclSU, Yc^l_jW j cai]cd_g
jM lcYGicd_^iejW _ clld_idcd_jj c Ycdgel_^ieeU\j TgZlel\ [alJi]Yag\j j ]iQcd_YHGj\j [ajeJj[g\j j
ela\g\j [ag_g.
aY]l_gW \jVagJjW [ai]cdg_^Wid clSlQ [alJicc [iai\iGiejW
VagN]ge l]elVl VlcY]gacd_g eg diaajdlajH ]aYVlVl VlcY]gacd_g c
Ji^PH daY]l_lQ ]iWdi^Pelcdj j Njdi^Pcd_g, g dgZNi aig^jTgJjj daY]l_UM [ag_ j jediaicl_. gZli [lej\geji daY]l_lQ \jVagJjj [lT_l^Wid _UW_jdP c_li_ai\ieeUi [alS^i\U \iNegJjleg^PeUM
ldelDiejQ j egYKel lS0WcejdP jM _^jWeji eg [iai\iGiejW ^H]iQ, g dgZNi
l[ai]i^jdP _lT\lNeUi [lc^i]cd_jW ?dlVl [alJiccg ]^W ^HSlVl ]i\lZagdjKicZlVl VlcY]gacd_g. !eg^jT daY]l_lQ \jVagJjj eilSMl]j\
]^W l[ai]i^iejW ii clcdg_^WHGjM j VagejJ \jVagJjleelVl [alJiccg.
:U]i^WHd daj lcel_eUM _j]g [iai\iGiejW VagN]ge: SiT_lT_agdeli,
ciTleeli j \gWdejZl_li. 7ej j\iHd _gNeli TegKieji, [lcZl^PZY c_W-
agT_jdji\ [aljT_l]cd_ieeUM cj^ lSGicd_g j ldelcWdcW Z Kjc-
TgeU c
^Y ^jKeUM j _iGicd_ieeUM CgZdlal_ [aljT_l]cd_g. .al\i dlVl, lej
c[lclScd_YHd: [alcdagecd_ieel\Y cli]jeiejH ?^i\iedl_ daY]g. aY]l_gW \jVagJjW MgagZdiajTYidcW ZgZ ]jeg\jKicZjQ [alJicc [l _ai\ieel\Y lclTegeel\Y [iaici^iejH egci^iejW jT l]elVl VlcY]gacd_g
_ ]aYVli c Ji^PH [l^YKiejW l[ai]i^ieelVl TgagSldZg j _lT_agGiejH
eg c_lH al]jeY.
*gjSl^ii TegKj\Ui
[ajTegZj daY]l_lQ \jVagJjj — Ji^i_gW eg-
[ag_^ieelcdP, ]lSalcl_icdelcdP, ]lSal_l^PelcdP, _lT_agdelcdP.
7cel_eU\j [ajKjeg\j daY]l_lQ \jVagJjj, ZgZ [lZgTg^l jTYKieji
[agZdjZj, eg ciVl]eWDejQ ]ieP W_^WHdcW SiTagSldjJg _ al]eUM cdagegM — _c^i]cd_ji jTSUdlKelVl egci^iejW j^j ejTZlVl Yal_eW clJjg^Pel-?Zlel\jKicZlVl agT_jdjW ]geelVl VlcY]gacd_g; ejTZjQ Yal_ieP
]lMl]l_ daY]l_UM \jVagedl_ _ c_liQ cdagei, Tgcdg_^WHGji jcZgdP TgagSldlZ _
]aYVjM cdagegM; _ci\jaegW V^lSg^jTgJjW — agcDjaieji j
YV^YS^ieji MlTWQcd_ieeUM j ZY^PdYaeUM c_WTiQ \iN]Y cdageg\j.
#^g_eU\j ld^jKjdi^PeU\j [ajTegZg\j daY]l_lQ \jVagJjj egci^iejW, [l cag_eiejH c _eYdaieeiQ \jVagJjiQ, W_^WHdcW: VlcY]gacd_ieegW VagejJg, ii [iaiciKieji j clld_idcd_YHGjQ VlcY]gacd_ieeUQ Zledal^P ZgZ Tg CgZdl\ cg\lVl [iai]_jNiejW KiaiT VagejJY (j _ cdagei _UiT]g, j, lclSieel, _
cdagei _0iT]g), dgZ j Tg [lc^i]YHGj\ [aiSU_geji\
145
_ cdagei _0iT]g, lclSieel c daY]lYcdalQcd_l\ j [lcdY[^ieji\ eg YKiSY
j cdgNjal_ZY.
gZj\ lSagTl\, jT^lNieeli [lT_l^Wid cCla\Y^jal_gdP [leWdji
daY]l_lQ \jVagJjj, [l] ZldlalQ [lej\gidcW [alJicc [iai\iGiejW
VagN]ge l]elVl VlcY]gacd_g eg diaajdlajH ]aYVlVl c Ji^PH daY]l_lQ ]iWdi^Pelcdj j Njdi^Pcd_g, g dgZNi aig^jTgJjj daY]l_UM [ag_ j
jediaicl_, _ [alJicci aig^jTgJjj ?Zlel\jKicZlQ ]iWdi^Pelcdj _
diKieji calZg
]iQcd_jW ZledagZdg, clV^gDiejW, agTaiDiejW; g [l]
\jVagJjleeU\ [alJiccl\ — aig^jTgJjW l[ai]i^ieeU\j VaY[[g\j
^H]iQ c_ljM eg\iaiejQ, c_WTgeeUM c [iai]_jNieji\ j c\ielQ [aiSU_gejW (Njdi^Pcd_g), lSYc^l_^ieeUM ^jKeU\j, lSGicd_ieeU\j j
VlcY]gacd_ieeU\j jediaicg\j.
: TgZ^HKiejj eilSMl]j\l ld\idjdP, Kdl lcel_lQ cjcdi\U cl_\icdelQ SiTl[gcelcdj cl cdageg\j A*#, Zl\[iecjaYHGiQ Y[agT]eieji
«[alTagKeUM» VagejJ, eg egD _TV^W], \lNid cdgdP clT]geji i]jelQ
jeCla\gJjleelQ
cjcdi\U j Vga\lejTgJjW \jVagJjleelVl TgZlel]gdi^Pcd_g cdage A*#. =l] Vga\lejTgJjiQ [aj ?dl\ [lej\gidcW YejCjZgJjW egJjleg^PeUM [ag_l_UM ela\ _ ldelDiejj [iaiciKiejW
_eiDejM VagejJ Al]aYNicd_g (_0iT]g-_UiT]g j dageTjdelVl [aliT]g),
[alJi]Ya _U]gKj j [al]^iejW _jT, daiSl_gejQ Z ]lZY\iedgJjj jelcdageeUM VagN]ge j ^jJ SiT VagN]gecd_g, eg^lNiejW \gZcj\g^PeUM
cgeZJjQ eg ^jJ, ei^iVg^Pel [iai_lTWGjM
^H]iQ, ei j\iHGjM eilSMl-
]j\UM [Ydi_UM ]lZY\iedl_.
: c_WTj c ?dj\ cdageU—YKgcdejJU el_lVl clV^gDiejW ]l^NeU
SY]Yd _TWdP eg ciSW lSWTgdi^Pcd_l ei [ajej\gdP l]elcdlaleejM \ia
[l YNicdlKiejH j^j ^jSiag^jTgJjj egJjleg^PeUM \jVagJjleeUM TgZlel]gdi^Pcd_. : [aldj_el\ c^YKgi cdalVji \iaU \jVagJjleelVl
Zledal^W ^HSlQ jT cdage A*# \lVYd SUdP eiQdag^jTjal_geU [Ydi\
_0iT]g KiaiT cdageY c \ieii
NicdZj\ aiNj\l\.
ejCjZgJjW \jVagJjleelVl TgZlel]gdi^Pcd_g cdage—YKgcdejJ
[ldaiSYid agTagSldZj i]jelVl [leWdjQelVl g[[gagdg, _ Kgcdelcdj,
dgZjM [leWdjQ ZgZ «j\\jVaged», «?\jVaged», «jelcdageeUQ VagN]geje», «SiNieiJ», «[l^jdjKicZli YSiNjGi», «_eiDeWW daY]l_gW \jVagJjW», «ei^iVg^PegW \jVagJjW», g dgZNi Yc^l_jQ [ai]lcdg_^iejW ZgN]lVl jT ?djM cdgdYcl_ _ egDjM VlcY]gacd_gM.
*gjSl^ii ?CCiZdj_eU\ c[lclSl\ YKidg j Zledal^W _0iT]g, [ai
SU_gejW, [iai]_jNiejW j _UiT]g agT^jKeUM ZgdiVlajQ daY]WGjMcW\jVagedl_ \lNid cdgdP __i]ieji i]jeUM [l Cla\i, cl]iaNgejH,
calZg\ ]iQcd_jW _0iT]eUM ]lZY\iedl_ (_jT) ]^W _ciM cdage A*#,
l[ai]i^ieji i]jelVl _ ?Z_j_g^iedel\ jT\iaiejj agT\iag cSlal_ Tg
_U]gKY, [laW]lZ [al]^iejW calZg _jTU, g dgZNi _lT\lNelcdP [l^Y-
-
146
KiejW _jTU _ TgVage[ai]cdg_jdi^Pcd_i ^HSlQ jT cdage, [l][jcg_DjM
AlV^gDieji.
.lla]jegJjj daY]l_lQ \jVagJjleelQ [l^jdjZj SY]id c[lclScd_l_gdP: g) cldaY]ejKicd_l ]j[^l\gdjKicZjM j ZlecY^PcZjM YKaiN]iejQ VlcY]gacd_—YKgcdejZl_ clV^gDiejW; S) lS\ie jeCla\gJjiQ l
clcdlWejj _ cdagegM—jcdlKejZgM [alJiccg daY]l_lQ \jVagJjj; _) l
^jJgM, ageii [alcj_DjM YSiNjGi, Ml]gdgQcd_YHGjM l [ai]lcdg_^iejj j^j [ajlSaidDjM cdgdYc SiNieJg, g
dgZNi cl_iaDj_DjM [ag_legaYDieji j^j [aicdY[^ieji eg diaajdlajj ^HSlVl jT VlcY]gacd_—
YKgcdejZl_; V) _Tgj\llS\ie cdgdjcdjKicZj\j ]geeU\j ]^W [alVelTjal_gejW agT_jdjW die]ieJjQ _ cCiai \jVagJjj j d.].
:Tgj\l]iQcd_ji [ag_llMagejdi^PeUM laVgel_ eg egJjleg^Pel\
j \iNVlcY]gacd_ieel\ Yal_ei, \iN]Yegal]eli cldaY]ejKicd_l \iN]Y
[ag_llMagejdi^PeU\j laVgeg\j Flccjj j jelcdageeUM VlcY]gacd_
lcdgidcW [ajlajdidelQ [alS^i\lQ _ cCiai daY]l_lQ \jVagJjj. 7cel_eU\j Cla\g\j \iN]Yegal]elVl cldaY]ejKicd_g _ _l[alcgM [l_UDiejW ?CCiZdj_elcdj _ cCiai ei^iVg^PelQ daY]l_lQ \jVagJjj
]l^NeU cdgdP: cl_iaDiecd_l_geji \iMgejT\g ?Zcdag]jJjj; [l_UDieji l[iagdj_elcdj _ jc[l^eiejj [jcP\ieeUM Ml]gdgQcd_, clV^gcel
[l^lNiejW\ ]lVl_lal_ l [ag_l_lQ _Tgj\l[l\lGj (c Ji^PH _U[l^eiejW eilSMl]j\UM c^i]cd_ieeUM ]iQcd_jQ), g dgZNi c_li_ai\ieelcdP
jc[l^eiejW Tg[alcl_ [ag_llMagejdi^PeUM YKaiN]iejQ l [ai]lcdg_^iejj l[iagdj_elQ [l\lGj. .
[iac[iZdj_eU\ Cla\g\ l[iagdj_elVl
_Tgj\l]iQcd_jW laVgel_ Tgjediaicl_geeUM cdage \lNel, ldeicdj clT]geji cl_\icdeUM c^i]cd_ieel-l[iagdj_eUM VaY[[, g dgZNi [al_i]ieji cl_\icdeUM agcc^i]l_gejQ, [al_l]j\UM _ ag\ZgM YejCjJjal_geeUM \iN]Yegal]el-[ag_l_UM [alJi]Ya.
§§4. !]\jejcdagdj_el-[ag_l_lQ \iMgejT\ TgGjdU [ag_
clldiKicd_ieejZl_, [alNj_gHGjM Tg aYSiNl\
Fig^jTgJjW [ag_ j c_lSl] _ cg\l\ lSGi\ _j]i icdP [agZdjKicZli
jc[l^PTl_geji [ai]Yc\ldaieeUM [ag_l_U\j ela\g\j clJjg^PeUM
_lT\lNelcdiQ, _ aiTY^Pdgdi ZldlalVl Ki^l_iZ [l^YKgid agTellSagTeUi \gdiajg^PeUi, ]YMl_eUi j jeUi S^gVg ]^W lcYGicd_^iejW je]j_j]Yg^PeUM j, _ jT_icdelQ \iai, lSGicd_ieeUM jediaicl_ j Y]l_^id_laiejW c_ljM [ldaiSelcdiQ
1
ai\jeg $.A.
AlldiKicd_ieejZj. <iMgejT\ aig^jTgJjj j TgGjdU [ag_. <., 2010. A. 62.
1
.
147
*g egD _TV^W], g]\jejcdagdj_el-[ag_l_lQ \iMgejT\ aig^jTgJjj
[ag_ j c_lSl] clldiKicd_ieejZl_ Tg aYSiNl\ — ?dl clJjg^Pel lSYc^l_^ieeUQ, [cjMl^lVjKicZj aiVY^jaYi\UQ j, Kdl lclSl _gNel,
[ai]Yc\ldaieeUQ ZlecdjdYJjleeU\ TgZlel]gdi^Pcd_l\ Flccjj Zl\[^iZc clV^gcl_geeUM ]iQcd_jQ ?dlQ ZgdiVlajj ^jJ ([aiN]i _ciVl ZgZ
[ag_llS^g]gdi^iQ), g dgZNi Y[l^el\lKieeUM eg dl cYS0iZdl_ c Ji^PH
aig^PelVl [l^YKiejW clldiKicd_ieejZg\j clJjg^PelVl S^gVg, l[lcai]l_geelVl jM [ag_l\ (c_lSl]lQ).
: [alJicci lcYGicd_^iejW ?dlVl cYS0iZdelVl [ag_g _U]i^WHd daj
lcel_eUi cdg]jj: cdg]jW lSGiVl clcdlWejW cYS0iZdelVl [ag_g, cdg]jW
lS^g]gejW j\, cdg]jW iVl ei[lcai]cd_ieelVl _l[^lGiejW, \gdiajg-
1
^jTgJjj
. gZ, [ag_l clldiKicd_ieejZl_, egMl]WGjMcW Tg aYSiNl\, [l^gVgdPcW eg [l]]iaNZY FB _ lcYGicd_^iejj c_ljM VagN]gecZjM, [l^jdjKicZjM, clJjg^PeUM, ?Zlel\jKicZjM j ZY^PdYaeUM [ag_, clMageiejj
cg\lSUdelcdj egMl]jdcW _ cdg]jj lSGiVl clcdlWejW, [lcZl^PZY [ai]lcdg_^iel TgZlel\ _ci\ clldiKicd_ieejZg\ Tg aYSiNl\. BgZdjKicZli
lS^g]geji ?dj\ [ag_l\ egcdY[gid ]^W ^jJg dlV]g, ZlV]g lel [l]d_ia]j^l l[ai]i^ieeUi Haj]jKicZji
CgZdU — SU_DiVl VagN]gecd_g,
[alNj_gejW eg diaajdlajj cdageU, [ag_l[aii\ejZl\ j [al]l^Ngdi^i\ ZldlalQ W_^WidcW FB, g dgZNi al]cd_g, [alNj_gejW Tg aYSiNl\.
c^j TgZle ei[lcai]cd_ieel eg]i^Wid je]j_j]g ZgZj\-^jSl [ag_l\ (c_lSl]U) SiT daiSl_gejW ]l[l^ejdi^PeUM Haj]jKicZjM CgZdl_
(c_lSl]g \Uc^j j c^l_g, [ag_l eg jeCla\gJjH, c_lSl]g d_laKicd_g j
]a.), dl cdg]jW lSGiVl clcdlWejW lSUKel
cl_[g]gid cl cdg]jiQ lS^g]gejW. c^j Ni lS^g]geji [ag_l\ lTegKgid j [l^PTl_geji j\ ([ag_l
eg NjTeP, eg c_lSl]Y j ^jKeYH ei[ajZlcel_ieelcdP, [l^PTl_geji al]eU\ WTUZl\ j \elVji ]aYVji [ag_g, _ lcel_i ZldlaUM ^iNgd eild0i\^i\Ui ld Ki^l_iZg S^gVg), _dlagW j daidPW cdg]jj cl_[g]gHd.
<iMgejT\ TgGjdU egDjM clldiKicd_ieejZl_ Tg aYSiNl\ clcdljd
jT cY]iSelQ
TgGjdU (cjcdi\g cY]l_ FB) j _eicY]iSelQ TgGjdU (=aiTj]ied, =ag_jdi^Pcd_l, <jejcdiacd_l HcdjJjj, <:", [l^el\lKieeUQ [l [ag_g\ Ki^l_iZg _ FB j ]a.).
Bla\jal_geji agcc\gdaj_gi\lVl g]\jejcdagdj_el-[ag_l_lVl
\iMgejT\g j]id _ eg[ag_^iejj TgZlel]gdi^PelVl lSic[iKiejW aig^jTgJjj [ag_ j c_lSl] clldiKicd_ieejZl_ Tg aYSiNl\; clT]gejW c[iJjg^PeUM laVgel_ ]^W lZgTgejW j\ eg]^iNgGiVl cl]iQcd_jW; TgZai[^iejW
eg TgZlel]gdi^Pel\ Yal_ei lSWTgeelcdiQ ]l^NelcdeUM ^jJ [l
aig^jTgJjj lcel_eUM [ag_ j c_lSl] clldiKicd_ieejZl_ Tg aYSiNl\.
1
:jdaYZ *.:.
cd_i. <., 1979. A. 103—110.
7cel_U dilajj [ag_lVl [l^lNiejW ^jKelcdj _ clJjg^jcdjKicZl\ lSGi-
148
.gZ jT_icdel, _ _l[alci l [ag_gM ^jKelcdj l]el jT Jiedag^PeUM
\icd Tgej\gid [alS^i\g VgagedjQ, dgZ ZgZ l aig^PelQ Jieelcdj [ag_,
c_lSl] j lSWTgeelcdiQ ^jKelcdj cY]Wd, [aiN]i _ciVl, [l jM lMagei (TgGjdi) j aig^jTgJjj, Kdl _ [l^elQ \iai ldelcjdcW Z VgagedjW\ [ag_ j
c_lSl] clldiKicd_ieejZl_ Tg aYSiNl\. dj Vgagedjj, _ [ia_YH lKi
ai]P, [l]agTY\i_gHd lSWTgeelcdP VlcY]gacd_g TgGjGgdP [ag_g j c_lSl]U YZgTgeeUM ^jJ, clT]g_gdP [ag_l_Ui, clJjg^Pel-?Zlel\jKicZji,
[l^jdjKicZji j ]aYVji Yc^l_jW ]^W aig^jTgJjj.
#gagedjj [l]agT]i^WHdcW eg:
6 lSGji, (?Zlel\jKicZji, clJjg^PeUi, [l^jdjKicZji j ]YMl_el-
j]il^lVjKicZji), [ai]cdg_^WHGji clSlQ l[ai]i^ieeUi NjTeieeUi
Yc^l_jW, clT]gHGji S^gVl[ajWdeYH cai]Y ]^W clldiKicd_ieejZl_;
6 laVgejTgJjleeUi (c[iJjg^PegW laVgejTgJjleegW ]iWdi^PelcdP
VlcY]gacd_ieeUM laVgel_ j ]l^NelcdeUM
^jJ, eg[ag_^ieegW eg
?CCiZdj_eli jc[l^PTl_geji lSGjM j Haj]jKicZjM VgagedjQ [aj
ei[lcai]cd_ieelQ aig^jTgJjj [ag_ j c_lSl]);
6 Haj]jKicZji (TgZai[^ieeUi _ ela\gM [ag_g c[iJjg^PeUi cai]-
cd_g lSic[iKiejW [ag_l\iaelQ aig^jTgJjj [ag_ j c_lSl]).
Aai]j ?djM VgagedjQ, [l \eiejH :.*. YdU^jeg, ?Zlel\jKicZji
Vgagedjj W_^WHdcW l[ai]i^WHGj\j [l ldelDiejH Zl _ci\ ]aYVj\
_j]g\ lSGjM VgagedjQ, _ dl\ Kjc^i
Z Haj]jKicZj\1. *.:. :jdaYZ cKjdgid, Kdl cjcdi\g Haj]jKicZjM VgagedjQ _Z^HKgid _ ciSW ei dl^PZl
cai]cd_g, ZldlaUi eg[ag_^ieU eg lMageY [ag_, lSWTgeelcdiQ j TgZleeUM jediaicl_ VagN]ge, el j cai]cd_g, [aj [l\lGj ZldlaUM ei[lcai]cd_ieel lSic[iKj_gidcW jM [ag_l\iaegW aig^jTgJjW: ]iQcd_YHGji
[ajeJj[U, ela\U [ag_g, ]aYVji [ag_l_Ui W_^iejW
2
.
*gT_geeUi Vgagedjj [l]agT]i^WHdcW eg Vgagedjj aig^jTgJjj
[ag_ j c_lSl] j Vgagedjj jM TgGjdU (lMageU). . Haj]jKicZj\ VgagedjW\ [ag_l\iaelQ aig^jTgJjj clldiKicd_ieejZg\j Tg aYSiNl\ c_ljM
[ag_ ldelcjdcW _cW [ag_l_gW cjcdi\g, j [aiN]i _ciVl TgZlel]gdi^Pcd_l, aiV^g\iedjaYHGii TegKj\lcdP, Haj]jKicZYH cj^Y, cl]iaNgeji,
lS0i\, VagejJU jc[l^PTl_gejW, [alJiccYg^PeUi [alJi]YaU lcYGicd_^iejW ?djM [ag_ j c_lSl].
*i[lcai]cd_ieeli
lSic[iKieji [ag_ j c_lSl] Siaid egKg^l c \l\iedg jM [ajTegejW VlcY]gacd_l\ j clld_idcd_YHGiQ ela\gdj_elQ
[ag_l_lQ aiV^g\iedgJjj. 7[ai]i^WHGj\ W_^WidcW MgagZdia aiV^g\iedgJjj, _Z^HKgW Yal_ieP j\[^i\iedgJjj \iN]Yegal]eUM gZdl_ l [ag-
-
1
YdU^je :.*., Aj]lal_ :.#.
j c_lSl] VagN]ge. <., 1996. A. 24, 25.
2
:jdaYZ *.:.
cdjKicZl\ lSGicd_i: "jc. ... ]lZd. Haj]. egYZ. <., 1979. A. 24.
=alS^i\U dilajj [ag_l_lVl [l^lNiejW ^jKelcdj _ agT_jdl\ clJjg^j-
<j^jJjW _ \iMgejT\i aig^jTgJjj ZlecdjdYJjleeUM [ag_
149
_gM Ki^l_iZg, g dgZNi lCjJjg^Pel [aj]g_gi\UQ [ag_g\ clJjg^PelHaj]jKicZjQ c\Uc^. FlccjQcZgW Bi]iagJjW, ZgZ jT_icdel, [ajcli]jej^gcP Z _gNeiQDj\ \iN]Yegal]el-[ag_l_U\ ]lZY\iedg\ l [ag_gM
Ki^l_iZg, [ajTeg^g jM [ajlajdid. . dl\Y Ni, lcel_eUi [ag_g j c_lSl]U Ki^l_iZg j VagN]gejeg TgZai[^ieU eg ZlecdjdYJjleel\ Yal_ei ZgZ
ei[lcai]cd_ieel ]iQcd_YHGji, Kdl [aj]gid j\ _UcDYH Haj]jKicZYH
cj^Y _
ldelDiejj [ag_ld_laKicZlQ, [ag_ljc[l^ejdi^PelQ, [ag_llMagejdi^PelQ ]iWdi^Pelcdj _ciM VlcY]gacd_ieeUM laVgel_ j ]l^NelcdeUM
^jJ. : ]geel\ ZlediZcdi YKieUi—HajcdU _ ZgKicd_i [ajeJj[l_, VgagedjaYHGjM [ag_g j c_lSl]U, lSlcel_geel _U]i^WHd [ajeJj[U clagT\iaelcdj jM lVagejKiejQ j clMageiejW jM cYGelcdelVl cl]iaNgejW.
dl lTegKgid, _ [ia_YH lKiai]P, ei]l[Ycdj\lcdP KaiT\iaelVl lVagejKiejW _^gcdPH [ag_ j c_lSl] (]gNi
[l [ajKjei _lTejZDiQ l[gcelcdj ]^W
ZlecdjdYJjleelVl cdalW), [ag_ j TgZleeUM jediaicl_ ]aYVjM ^jJ, [ag_l[laW]Zg j ]a. %g[aiGgidcW TgdagVj_gdP cg\l cYGicd_l cl]iaNgejW
lcel_eUM [ag_ j c_lSl]. 7S ?dl\ eid [aW\lQ Cla\Y^jal_Zj _ .lecdjdYJjj FB, ZgZ, cZgNi\, _ 7cel_el\ TgZlei BF#, l]egZl icdP aW] ela\,
ZldlaUi \lVYd geg^lVjKeU\ lSagTl\ dl^Zl_gdPcW (cd. 18, K
. 2 cd. 55).
:gNeYH al^P _ lcYGicd_^iejj cYS0iZdeUM [ag_ clldiKicd_ieejZl_ Tg aYSiNl\ jVagid ZleZaidjTgJjW [ai]i^l_ (VagejJ) jc[l^PTl_gejW, g dgZNi ZaYVg lSWTgeeUM ^jJ j [ajeg]^iNgGjM j\ [l^el\lKjQ
1
. .leZaidjTgJjW [al_l]jdcW, ZgZ [ag_j^l, [lcai]cd_l\ ela\g-
j ]a.
dj_elQ ]idg^jTgJjj cYS0iZdelVl [ag_g, [lcai]cd_l\ diZYGiVl TgZlel]gdi^Pcd_g, g _ ld]i^PeUM c^YKgWM — [Ydi\ lCjJjg^PelVl dl^Zl_gejW [ag_. gZ, ]l[YcZgidcW ZleZaidjTgJjW lcel_eUM [ag_ j c_lSl]
^jKelcdj [Ydi\ jM dl^Zl_gejW .lecdjdYJjleeU\ cY]l\ FB _ ag\ZgM
iVl jcZ^HKjdi^PelQ [aialVgdj_U. 7]elQ jT [ia_legKg^PeUM [lTjJjQ
ZleZaidjTgJjj c^YNjd Ycdgel_^ieji cYS0iZdl_ — lS^g]gdi^iQ [ag_g
AYS0iZdl\ [lKdj _ciM [al_lTV^gDieeUM _ V^. 2 7cel_elVl TgZleg Flccjj [ag_ j c_lSl] W_^WidcW ZgN]UQ Ki^l_iZ. 7]egZl, ?dl ei jcZ^HKgid
]idg^jTgJjj _ TgZlel]gdi^Pcd_i ([l]Kgc _ cg\lQ .lecdjdYJjj) cYS0iZdl_ [l^PTl_gejW [ag_g\j, Z ZldlaU\ ldelcWdcW VagN]gei, jelcdageeUi VagN]gei, g[gdaj]U j d.].
l^PDli TegKieji j\iid ela\gdj_eli [ag_l_li l[ai]i^ieji agTY\eUM VagejJ
aig^jTgJjj [ag_ j c_lSl] _ ]i\lZagdjKicZl\ lSGicd_i _ei Tg_jcj\lcdj ld lS^g]gdi^iQ. 7SGii [l^lNieji .lecdjdYJjj
Flccjj dgZl_l: lcYGicd_^ieji [ag_ j c_lSl] Ki^l_iZg j VagN]gejeg
ei ]l^Nel egaYDgdP [ag_g j c_lSl]U ]aYVjM ^jJ (K. 3 cd. 17). %g[aiGiel jM jc[l^PTl_geji, clV^gcel [ajTegeeU\ \iN]Yegal]eU\ cdge-
.
2
.YKjecZjQ :.!.
jKelcdP, c_lSl]g, [ag_l. <., 1978. A. 34.
150
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]