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Файл:Организационно-правовые основы регулирования миграционных процессов. Административно-правовой аспект. Монография
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=l egDi\Y \eiejH, [ag_l_lQ cdgdYc ]l^NelcdelVl ^jJg W_^WidcW
lcel_elQ KgcdPH [ag_l_lVl cdgdYcg ]geelVl ^jJg.
7]el jT [alcdiQDjM l[ai]i^iejQ [ag_l_lVl cdgdYcg cl]iaNjdcW
_ l^PDl\ Haj]jKicZl\ c^l_gai [l] ai]gZJjiQ !.. AYMgai_g j
:.. .aYdcZjM: «…Ycdgel_^ieeli ela\g\j [ag_g [l^lNieji iVl cYS0iZdl_, cl_lZY[elcdP jM [ag_ j lSWTgeelcdiQ»
1
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[l^lNieji (cl_lZY[elcdP [ai]Yc\ldaieeUM TgZlel]gdi^Pcd_l\ [ag_
j lSWTgeelcdiQ)
2
.
.gZ YZgTU_gid .!. Al^l_Pi_g, «…_ ldiKicd_ieelQ dilajj [ag_g
ZgdiVlajW «cdgdYc cYS0iZdg [ag_g» lSUKel [lej\gidcW ZgZ cl_lZY[elcdP, cjcdi\g, Zl\[^iZc lcel_eUM [ag_ j lSWTgeelcdiQ, [ajeg]^iNgGjM cYS0iZdY, Ycdgel_^ieeUM ela\g\j lS0iZdj_elVl [ag_g, eiTg_jcj\l ld YKgcdjW cYS0iZdg _ ZleZaideUM [ag_lldelDiejWM»
3
. #l_laW l Tg-
aYSiNeUM cdagegM, .!. Al^l_Pi_g ld\iKgid, cl ccU^ZlQ eg =. Age]i_Ygag, Kdl «…TgaYSiNeUi g_dlaU agcc\gdaj_gHd cdgdYc cYS0iZdg [ag_g ZgZ ZgKicd_l, [ai_agGgHGii je]j_j]g j^j VaY[[Y je]j_j]l_ _ Jieda
[ag_, jediaicl_ j lSWTgeelcdiQ, Ycdgel_^ieeUM _ TgZleel\ [laW]Zi.
7SUKel ?dg ZgdiVlajW [aj\ieWidcW [l ldelDiejH Z Haj]jKicZl\Y jecdjdYdY ]^W
lSic[iKiejW dlKelVl agc[ai]i^iejW cYS0iZdj_eUM
[ag_ j lSWTgeelcdiQ _ciM ^jJ, TgdagVj_gi\UM ]geeU\ jecdjdYdl\»
.!. Al^l_Pi_g [ai]^gVgid c^i]YHGii l[ai]i^ieji [ag_l_lVl cdgdYcg:
«…[l] [ag_l_U\ cdgdYcl\ cYS0iZdg [ag_g [lej\gidcW cl_lZY[elcdP
[ag_ j lSWTgeelcdiQ cYS0iZdg, TgZai[^ieegW ]iQcd_YHGj\j [ag_l_U\j gZdg\j»
5
.
!.*. iSi]i_ YZgTU_gid, Kdl [l] «cdgdYcl\ cYS0iZdg [ag_g» c^i]Yid
[lej\gdP [ag_l_li [l^lNieji cYS0iZdg [ag_g [l ldelDiejH Z ]aYVj\
cYS0iZdg\ [ag_g, c ZldlaU\j le [ldieJjg^Pel \lNid _cdY[gdP _ [ag_lldelDiejW. Al]iaNgeji\ [ag_l_lVl cdgdYcg W_^WidcW cl_lZY[elcdP
[ag_ j lSWTgeelcdiQ cYS0iZdg [ag_g, ZldlaUi le \lNid [ldieJjg^Pel
[ajlSaidgdP, _cdY[gW _ _lT\lNeUi [ag_lldelDiejW. !.*. iSi]i_
[ai]^gVgid
c^i]YHGii l[ai]i^ieji: «=l] [ag_l_U\ cdgdYcl\ cYS0iZdg
[ag_g [lej\gidcW cl_lZY[elcdP [ag_ j lSWTgeelcdiQ cYS0iZdg, TgZai[^ieegW ]iQcd_YHGj\j [ag_l_U\j gZdg\j»
6
.
4
.
1
l^PDlQ Haj]jKicZjQ c^l_gaP / =l] ai]. !.. AYMgai_g, :.. .aYdcZjM. <., 2004. A. 587.
2
aj]jKicZgW ?eJjZ^l[i]jW / =l] ai]. <.. jMl\jal_g. <., 1998. A. 426.
3
Al^l_Pi_g .!.
"jc. … Zge]. Haj]. egYZ. <., 2006. A. 18.
4
Age]i_Yga =.
5
Al^l_Pi_g .!.
6
iSi]i_ !.*.
JjleegW \l]i^P, [agZdjZg. <., 1999. A. 26.
.lecdjdYJjleel [ag_l_lQ cdgdYc cYS0iZdl_ FB ([alS^i\g gcj\idajj):
:_i]ieji _ [ag_l. <., 1994. A. 150, 171;
ZgT. clK. A. 19.
AdgdYc cYS0iZdg FlccjQcZlQ Bi]iagJjj: lcel_U ZleJi[Jjj, ZlecdjdY-
11
Al^l_Pi_g .!.
ZgT. clK. 19.
.gdiVlajW [ag_l_lVl cdgdYcg egD^g ldagNieji _ daY]gM ".!. lVgel_lQ. =l ii \eiejH, [ag_l_lQ cdgdYc _UcdY[gid _ ]_YM Cla\gM [ag_l_lVl _UagNiejW: ela\gdj_el\ j CgZdjKicZl\. *la\gdj_eUQ [ag_l_lQ cdgdYc TgZai[^Wid eg clld_idcd_YHGi\ Yal_ei TgZlel]gdi^Pcd_g
[ag_l_li [l^lNieji cYS0iZdl_ (YKgcdejZl_) [ag_l_UM ldelDiejQ.
=l] CgZdjKicZj\ cdgdYcl\ [lej\gidcW aig^Peli [l^lNieji cYS0iZdg
[ag_l_UM ldelDiejQ _ c_WTj
[ag_g _ ZleZaideUM clJjg^Pel-[l^jdjKicZjM Yc^l_jWM
c [aj\ieieji\ ela\ ZlecdjdYJjleelVl
1
.
*.!. lV]gel_g dgZNi agTagSldg^g [leWdji ]lZdajeg^PelVl [ag_l_lVl cdgdYcg, ZldlaUQ leg l[ai]i^Wid ZgZ dilaidjKicZYH ZlecdaYZJjH, cli]jeWHGYH ela\gdj_eUi MgagZdiajcdjZj, dilaidjKicZji [ai]cdg_^iejW j aig^PeYH [agZdjZY aig^jTgJjj [ag_l_UM Ycdgel_^iejQ
2
A^i]Yid lSagdjdPcW iGi Z l]el\Y [lej\gejH [ag_l_lVl cdgdYcg
lSGicd_ieeUM lS0i]jeiejQ. gZ, !.!. lVlal]cZjQ ld\iKgid: «lclSUQ
cdgdYc lSGicd_ieeUM [g^gd clcdljd _ dl\, Kdl lej, c l]elQ cdlaleU, ei
W_^WHdcW lSGicd_ieeU\j laVgejTgJjW\j ZgZ dgZl_U\j, c ]aYVlQ, —
lej _Z^HKieU _ cjcdi\Y [YS^jKelQ _^gcdj, clT]geU eg lcel_gejj [YS^jKel-_^gcdeUM [ai][jcgejQ, MldW jM aiDiejW j
elcWd _ lcel_el\ aiZl\ie]gdi^PeUQ MgagZdia. : dilaidjKicZjM ]jcZYccjWM [l ]geel\Y
_l[alcY lSGicd_ieeUi [g^gdU [ai]^gVgidcW agcc\gdaj_gdP _ ZgKicd_i
lclSUM lSGicd_ieel-VlcY]gacd_ieeUM jecdjdYdl_ [YS^jKelVl [ag_g,
clT]g_gi\UM eg lcel_i ZleZaideUM [ag_l_UM gZdl_, j _ Kgcdelcdj TgZlel_. : Ci]iag^Pel\ TgZlei _l[alc l [ag_l_l\ cdgdYci 7SGicd_ieelQ [g^gdU _ cjcdi\i [YS^jKelQ _^gcdj FlccjQcZlQ Bi]iagJjj
lSlQ]ie cdlalelQ. FiVjleg^Peli TgZlel]gdi^Pcd_l egTU_gid lSGicd_ieeUi
[g^gdU «cl_iGgdi^PeU\ laVgel\», «Zl^^iVjg^PeU\ cl_iGgdi^PeU\
(ZlecY^Pdgdj_eU\) j laVgejTgJjleeU\ laVgel\», «lSGicd_ieeU\ cl_iGgdi^PeU\ laVgel\». .gZ SU dl ej SU^l, Tg cKid Sl^PDlVl egYKelVl
j laVgejTgJjleel-diMejKicZlVl [ldieJjg^g lSGicd_ieeUi [g^gdU
c[lclSeU ZgKicd_ieeii [al_l]jdP lSGicd_ieeYH ?Zc[iadjTY, eiNi^j
ld]i^PeUi lSGicd_ieeUi lS0i]jeiejW. .al\i dlVl, lej c[lclSeU _U[l^eWdP CYeZJjH [iaiVl_laelQ [^lGg]Zj
]^W lcYGicd_^iejW VagN]gecZlVl ]jg^lVg, Kdl _ jdlVi SY]id c[lclScd_l_gdP [ljcZY j egMlN]iejH Zl\[al\jcceUM aiDiejQ _ TgZlel]gdi^Pel\ [alJicci»
3
.
*g\ [ai]cdg_^WidcW, Kdl [ag_l_gW [ajal]g laVgeg lSGicd_ieelVl
Zledal^W [ai]cdg_^Wid clSlQ ]Yg^jcdjKicZYH cdaYZdYaY, lS0i]jeWHGYH eg el_l\ ZgKicd_ieel\ Yal_ei lSGicd_ieeli j VlcY]gacd_ieeli
.
1
lV]gel_g *.!.
=ag_l. 1998. & 3. A. 4, 5.
2
g\ Ni.
3
lVlal]cZjQ !.!
cZjQ _icdejZ: <iN_YT. cS. egYK. da. :U[. 21. =ieTg, 2006. A. 87—96.
.gdiVlajW cdgdYcg _ ZlecdjdYJjleel\ [ag_i // :icdejZ <lcZ. Ye-dg Aia. 11.
. 7SGicd_ieegW ?Zc[iadjTg _ TgZlel]gdi^Pel\ [alJicci // aj]jKi-
12
_ lclSUQ [YS^jKeUQ jecdjdYd. : c_WTj c ?dj\, YKjdU_gW dl, Kdl ?dj laVgeU cdaYZdYael j CYeZJjleg^Pel [ai]cdg_^WHd clSlQ laVgeU, lclSYH Cla\Y laVgejTgJjj, [l^gVgi\ g]iZ_gdeU\ [aj\iejdP Z ej\ ]lZdajeg^PeUi j \idl]l^lVjKicZji egagSldZj, [aj^gVgi\Ui _ egYZi ZlecdjdYJjleelVl j g]\jejcdagdj_elVl [ag_g [l ldelDiejH Z laVgeg\
_^gcdj j laVgeg\ Zledal^W, c
[l[ag_ZlQ eg jM, _ ZgZlQ-dl cdi[iej, Yej-
Zg^PeYH [ag_l_YH [ajal]Y.
: egYZi [ag_g eid i]jelVl \eiejW [l _l[alcY l cdaYZdYai [ag_l_lVl cdgdYcg [YS^jKelVl laVgeg. gZ, cdlaleejZj YTZlVl [l]Ml]g (eg[aj\ia, *.:. :jdaYZ) ldelcWd Z cdaYZdYai cdgdYcg [YS^jKelVl laVgeg
^jDP Zl\[idieJjH, [l^el\lKjW ([ag_g j lSWTgeelcdj). .*. #gSajKj]Ti
[lcdalj^ c^i]YHGYH ZlecdaYZJjH ZlecdjdYJjleelVl cdgdYcg
[YS^jKeUM laVgel_, _U]i^j_ _ eiQ dgZji ?^i\iedU: 1) [l^jdjKicZYH j
VlcY]gacd_ieel-[ag_l_YH MgagZdiajcdjZj laVgel_ VlcY]gacd_g; 2) \icdl agT^jKeUM _j]l_ laVgel_ _ lSGiVlcY]gacd_ieelQ cjcdi\i, ]jCCiaieJjgJjH cjcdi\, [l]cjcdi\ j _j]l_ laVgel_, jM clldelDieji; 3) lcel_U _Tgj\lldelDiejW laVgel_ \iN]Y clSlQ; 4)_gNeiQDji [ajeJj[U
laVgejTgJjj j ]iWdi^Pelcdj VlcY]gacd_ieeUM laVgel_; 5) lcel_U Zl\[idieJjj; 6)
_j]U [ag_l_UM gZdl_, jT]g_gi\UM laVgeg\j1.
*.!. lV]gel_g _U]i^Wid _ cdaYZdYai [ag_l_lVl cdgdYcg laVgeg KidUai ?^i\iedg: 1) al^P [YS^jKelVl laVgeg _ _U[l^eiejj CYeZJjQ VlcY]gacd_g, iVl \icdg j egTegKieji _ VlcY]gacd_ieel\ laVgejT\i; 2) [ag_lcYS0iZdelcdP [YS^jKelVl laVgeg, ZldlagW [alW_^WidcW _ iVl Haj]jKicZlQ ^iVjdj\gJjj, lTegKgHGiQ YKaiN]ieji dlVl j^j jelVl [YS^jKelVl laVgeg, l[ai]i^ieji iVl cdgdYcg _
ela\gdj_el\ gZdi, iVl Cla\jal_geji, g [aj l[ai]i^ieeUM Yc^l_jWM c\ieY clcdg_g (eg[aj\ia, [iai_USlaU, egTegKieji el_lVl [iacleg^PelVl clcdg_g) j^j Y[agT]eieji, lcYGicd_^Wi\Ui _ Ycdgel_^ieel\ [ag_l_l\ [laW]Zi; 3) Zl\[idieJjW, ZldlagW _UcdY[gid _ ZgKicd_i c^lNelVl lSagTl_gejW, cli]jeWW _ ciSi [ai]\idU _i]iejW, [l^el\lKjW j ld_idcd_ieelcdP; 4) Vgagedjj YcdlQKj_lcdj
j aig^Pelcdj [ag_l_lVl [l^lNiejW [YS^jKeUM laVgel_
2
.
7]egZl, ZgZ YZgTU_g^lcP _UDi, cYGicd_YHd j ]aYVji [l]Ml]U ZgZ
Z cdaYZdYai [ag_l_lVl cdgdYcg _ Ji^l\, dgZ j Z ld]i^PeU\ ?^i\iedg\
[ag_l_lVl cdgdYcg.
gZ, *... 7NiVjeg YZgTU_gid, ccU^gWcP eg agSldY !.. Zj\l_g
Kdl [ag_lcYS0iZdelcdP ei W_^WidcW KgcdPH [ag_l_lVl cdgdYcg: «…ic^j
[ag_lcYS0iZdelcdP lTegKgid _lT\lNelcdP (c[lclSelcdP) aig^jTgJjj
3
,
1
lV]gel_g *.!.
=ag_l. 1998. & 3. A. 11—13.
2
g\ Ni. A. 14—19.
3
Zj\l_ !..
TgJjj. <., 1999. A. 19, 20.
.gdiVlajW cdgdYcg _ ZlecdjdYJjleel\ [ag_i // :icdejZ <lcZ. Ye-dg Aia. 11.
AdgdYc cYS0iZdg g]\jejcdagdj_elQ Hajc]jZJjj j [alS^i\U iVl aig^j-
13
[ag_ j lSWTgeelcdiQ, d.i. CgZdjKicZj «[ag_l eg cdgdYc», dl, lS0i]jeWW
eg cdgdYc j cge cdgdYc, \U egaYDgi\ TgZleU ^lVjZj. %gZai[^WW [ag_l
eg cdgdYc, [ag_lcYS0iZdelcdP l[ai]i^Wid ZaYV aig^PeUM ^jJ, lS^g]gHGjM c[lclSelcdPH SUdP elcjdi^W\j l[ai]i^ieelVl cdgdYcg»
1
. gZNi
*... 7NiVjeg YZgTU_gid, Kdl «…jcMl]W jT dlVl, Kdl «[ag_lcYS0iZdelcdP» dl^PZl l[ai]i^WidcW ZaYVl\ ^jJ, j\iHGjM [ag_l eg cdgdYc, \U
\lNi\ [ajQdj Z _U_l]Y l dl\, Kdl leg W_^WidcW ZgdiVlajiQ ZgKicd_ieelQ, j Vl_lajdP lS lS0i\i [ag_lcYS0iZdelcdj SU^l SU eiZlaaiZdeU\.
.l^jKicd_ieel-ZgKicd_ieelQ ZgdiVlajiQ, _ ]geel\ c^YKgi, c^i]Yid cKjdgdP [ag_l_lQ
cdgdYc, ZldlaUQ j l[ai]i^Wid dld j^j jelQ lS0i\ [ag_
j lSWTgeelcdiQ cYS0iZdl_ [ag_g, W_^WHGjMcW cl]iaNgeji\ cdgdYcg.
gZj\ lSagTl\, \U \lNi\ [ajQdj Z \eiejH l dl\, Kdl [ag_lcYS0iZdelcdP _ ]geel\ c^YKgi ZgZ [ag_l_gW ZlecdaYZJjW, ldagNgHGgW clcdg_ Haj]jKicZjM CgZdl_, W_^WidcW lcel_geji\ ([ai][lcU^ZlQ) [ag_l_lVl cdgdYcg.
: g]\jejcdagdj_el\ [ag_i ZgN]UQ cYS0iZd lS^g]gid
clld_idcd_YHGj\ g]\jejcdagdj_el-[ag_l_U\ cdgdYcl\. =ajeg]^iNelcdP ela\, Ycdgeg_^j_gHGjM [ag_l_lQ cdgdYc cYS0iZdg, Z g]\jejcdagdj_el\Y [ag_Y
lSYc^l_^j_gid iVl g]\jejcdagdj_el-[ag_l_lQ MgagZdia
2
.
: Haj]jKicZlQ ^jdiagdYai Y[ldaiS^WHdcW [leWdjW «[ag_l_lQ cdgdYc» j «[ag_l_li [l^lNieji» cYS0iZdg g]\jejcdagdj_elVl [ag_g.
l^PDjecd_l\ Hajcdl_ ?dj [leWdjW agcc\gdaj_gHdcW ZgZ dlN]icd_ieeUi, d.i. [ag_l_lQ cdgdYc cYS0iZdg l[ai]i^WidcW ZgZ iVl [ag_l_li
[l^lNieji. 7]egZl, c YKidl\ j\iHGjMcW egYKeUM _TV^W]l_ l eilSMl]j\lcdj agTVagejKiejW [leWdjQ «cYS0iZd g]\jejcdagdj_elVl [ag_g»
j «cYS0iZd g]\jejcdagdj_elVl [ag_lldelDiejW», c
[leWdji\ «[ag_l_lQ cdgdYc» _ Sl^PDiQ cdi[iej c^i]Yid c_WTU_gdP [leWdji «cYS0iZd
g]\jejcdagdj_elVl [ag_g» ZgZ ^jJl j^j laVgejTgJjH, lS^g]gHGji
_lT\lNelcdW\j _cdY[gdP _ g]\jejcdagdj_el-[ag_l_Ui ldelDiejW,
d.i. egSlal\ gScdagZdeUM g]\jejcdagdj_eUM lSWTgeelcdiQ j [ag_.
lV]g c [leWdji\ «[ag_l_li [l^lNieji» c^i]Yid c_WTU_gdP ei dl^PZl
gScdagZdeUQ egSla lSWTgeelcdiQ j [ag_, el j aig^PeUQ, aig^jTYi\UQ
_ ZleZaideUM,
cYGicd_YHGjM _ ]geeUQ [al\iNYdlZ _ai\iej [ag_lldelDiejWM. : ?dlQ c_WTj !.. Zj\l_ c[ag_i]^j_l ld\iKgid, Kdl
«…ic^j [ag_l_lQ cdgdYc ([ag_l_li clcdlWeji) gScdagZdelVl cYS0iZdg
MgagZdiajTYidcW cl_lZY[elcdPH [ai]Yc\ldaieeUM Haj]jKicZjM [ag_
j lSWTgeelcdiQ, dl [ag_l_li [l^lNieji ([ag_l_li clcdlWeji) ZleZaid-
1
7NiVjeg *...
Bi]iagJjj: [alS^i\U j [iac[iZdj_U: "jc. … Zge]. Haj]. egYZ. <., 2004. A. 26.
2
Fi]ZlYc :.<.
iVl g]\jejcdagdj_el-[ag_l_lVl [l^lNiejW (cdgdYcg). 7[Ud Flccjj j VlcY]gacd_ — YKgcdejZl_ A*# // %gZle j [ag_l. 2010. & 37 A. 101—104.
.lecdjdYJjleel-[ag_l_lQ cdgdYc g_dlel\eUM lZaYVl_ _ FlccjQcZlQ
. _l[alcY l [leWdjj laVgeg egJjleg^PelQ SiTl[gcelcdj j cl]iaNgejW
14
elVl [iacleg^Pel je]j_j]Yg^jTjal_geelVl ^jJg l[ai]i^WidcW ZgZ
[ldieJjg^PeU\j lSWTgeelcdW\j j [ag_g\j.., dgZ j aig^PeU\j…»
1
.
dld _U_l] _ Sl^PDiQ cdi[iej _iaie ]^W CjTjKicZjM ^jJ, lS^g]gHGjM Sl^PDiQ c_lSl]lQ _USlag _gajgedl_ aig^jTgJjj c_ljM [ag_ j
lSWTgeelcdiQ _ cCiai VlcY]gacd_ieelVl Y[ag_^iejW, Ki\ Y laVgejTgJjQ, ]iWdi^PelcdP ZldlaUM lcYGicd_^WidcW _ ag\ZgM Ycdgel_^ieelQ
Zl\[idieJjj. =l?dl\Y ]^W laVgejTgJjQ agT^jKjW _ cl]iaNgejj [leWdjQ «[ag_l_lQ cdgdYc» j «[ag_l_li [l^lNieji» ei W_^WHdcW [ajeJj[jg^PeU\j j jM \lNel agcc\gdaj_gdP ZgZ dlN]icd_ieeUi.
: cdaYZdYaY [ag_l_lVl cdgdYcg _Z^HKgidcW agT^jKeUQ egSla ?^i\iedl_. *gaW]Y c cjcdi\lQ [ag_ j lSWTgeelcdiQ _ [ag_l_lQ cdgdYc
2
_Z^HKgHdcW: lSGgW [ag_lc[lclSelcdP, Vgagedjj
; TgZleeUi jediaicU
Haj]jKicZgW ld_idcd_ieelcdP4j ]a. *g egD _TV^W], aW] ]l[l^ejdi^PeUM ?^i\iedl_ c^i]Yid cKjdgdP ^jSl [ai][lcU^Zg\j [ag_l_lVl cdgdYcg
(lSGgW ]iic[lclSelcdP), ^jSl ?^i\iedg\j, _dlajKeU\j [l ldelDiejH
Z lcel_eU\. gZ, Haj]jKicZgW ld_idcd_ieelcdP _dlajKeg [l ldelDiejH Z lSWTgeelcdW\ (SiT lSWTgeelcdiQ eid ld_idcd_ieelcdj), ^jSl ZgdiVlajW\j, ]g^iZl _UMl]WGj\j Tg [ai]i^U [ag_l_lVl cdgdYcg (cjcdi\g
VgagedjQ). %gZleeUi jediaicU, d.i
. jediaicU, ZldlaUi [aW\l ei TgZai[^ieU _ Haj]jKicZjM [ag_gM j lSWTgeelcdWM, i]_g ^j eilSMl]j\l _U]i^WdP _ ZgKicd_i cg\lcdlWdi^PelVl ?^i\iedg [ag_l_lVl cdgdYcg.
$ediaic [ai]Dicd_Yid [ag_g\ j lSWTgeelcdW\ eiTg_jcj\l ld dlVl, egMl]jd le [aW\li TgZai[^ieji _ TgZlel]gdi^Pcd_i j^j [alcdl [l]^iNjd
«[ag_l_lQ TgGjdi cl cdlaleU VlcY]gacd_g». $ediaic — ?dl ZgdiVlajW
_ei[ag_l_gW, j^j «]l[ag_l_gW
», j, agTY\iidcW, TgZai[^WidcW ei dl^PZl
_ ZleZaideUM [ag_l_UM [ai][jcgejWM, el j _ lSGjM [ajeJj[gM [ag_g.
=l?dl\Y, eg egD _TV^W], c^i]Yid lVagejKjdP [leWdji [ag_l_lVl cdgdYcg ZgdiVlajW\j ld_idcd_ieelcdj, [ag_ j lSWTgeelcdiQ, ZldlaUi [lT_l^WHd KidZl _U]i^jdP iVl cdaYZdYaY.
=l _ciQ _ialWdelcdj, [ai]cdgdYceUi j [lc^icdgdYceUi ?^i\iedU
Ji^icllSagTel _Z^HKjdP _ [leWdji «[ag_l_li [l^lNieji ^jKel-
5
cdj», ZgZ ?dl [ai]^gVgHd *.:. :jdaYZ j :.!. .YKjecZjQ
.
: Ji^l\ Ni ei^PTW ei ld\idjdP, Kdl c[laU l [leWdjj [ag_l_lVl
cdgdYcg _i]YdcW _ lcel_el\ _lZaYV _U]i^iejW _Ml]WGjM _ eiVl ?^i\iedl_, _lZaYV [leWdjQ. dl lVagejKj_gid jcc^i]l_geji [alS^i\U
3
1
Zj\l_ !..
TgJjj: <lelVagCjW. <., 1999. A. 21.
2
.lecdjdYJjleeUQ cdgdYc ^jKelcdj _ AAAF. <., 1980. A. 21—26.
3
:jdaYZ *.:.
4
.YKjecZjQ :.!.
5
:jdaYZ *.:.
AdgdYc cYS0iZdg g]\jejcdagdj_elQ Hajc]jZJjj j [alS^i\U iVl aig^j-
ZgT. clK. A. 29.
jKelcdP, c_lSl]g, [ag_l. <., 1978. A. 115.
ZgT. clK. A. 25—34;
.YKjecZjQ :.!.
15
ZgT. clK. A. 119—135.
^lVjZl-Haj]jKicZj\ geg^jTl\, eg Kdl c[ag_i]^j_l lSagdj^j _ej\g-
1
eji #. gegQ j :.<. MjZ_g]Ti
.
7[ai]i^ieji [ag_l_lVl cdgdYcg ]l^Nel [l]KiaZj_gdP clJjg^Peli
TegKieji [leWdjW; ?dl \lNid SUdP ]lcdjVeYdl _UMl]l\ Tg [ai]i^U cYVYSl
Haj]jKicZjM ZgdiVlajQ, [lcai]cd_l\ Ycdgel_^iejW c_WTj [ag_ j lSWTgeelcdiQ c clJjg^PelQ ]iWdi^PelcdPH. gZlQ [l]Ml] SY]id c[lclScd_l_gdP
agcZaUdjH gZdj_elQ, clTj]gdi^PelQ CYeZJjj [ag_l_lVl cdgdYcg, ZldlagW ]l^Neg SUdP c_WTgeg c al^PH j \icdl\ cYS0iZdg _ VlcY]gacd_i.
=ag_g cYS0iZdg
, j^j cYS0iZdj_eUi [ag_g, — ?dl ei [ldieJjg^PeUi,
g aig^PeUi clJjg^PeUi _lT\lNelcdj, _UdiZgHGji ei[lcai]cd_ieel jT
TgZleg. "geeli [l^lNieji c^i]Yid [l]KiaZeYdP, [lcZl^PZY _ Haj]jKicZlQ egYZi DjalZl Yd_ia]j^lcP [lej\geji cYS0iZdj_elVl [ag_g ZgZ
?^i\iedg ZleZaidelVl [ag_lldelDiejW, _lTejZgHGiVl [aj eg^jKjj
Haj]jKicZlVl CgZdg, ZldlaUQ [lalN]gid ]geeli ldelDieji.
: Haj]jKicZlQ ^jdiagdYai dgZgW [lTjJjW SU^g [l]_iaVeYdg Zaj-
djZi. *.$
. <gdYTl_ c[ag_i]^j_l ld\iKgid, Kdl c[lclS _lTejZel_iejW,
Cla\g [alW_^iejW j aig^jTgJjj diM j^j jeUM [ag_ ei j\iid [ajeJj[jg^PelVl TegKiejW.
FgTY\iidcW, [ag_g KaiT_UKgQel \elVllSagTeU [l cl]iaNgejH, lS0i\Y, c[lclSg\ aig^jTgJjj. 7]egZl, TgZai[^ieji dlVl j^j jelVl cYS0iZdj_elVl [ag_g _ TgZlel]gdi^Pcd_i _ cl_ai\ieeUM Yc^l_jWM lTegKgid aig^PeYH _lT\lNelcdP cYS0iZdg c_lSl]el jc[l^PTl_gdP _lT\lNelcdP
VagejJgM j _ [laW]Zi TegKiejW ]^W jM MgagZdiajcdjZj ZgZ cYS0iZdj_eUM,
lSlTegKieeUM _ TgZlei
2
. AYS0iZdj_eli [ag_l — Cla\g TgZlel]gdi^P-
elVl _UagNiejW [ag_ cYS0iZdg _ agT^jKeUM ldelDiejWM. c^j c ?djM [lTjJjQ [l]Ml]jdP Z lJieZi cYGelcdj cYS0iZdj_elVl [ag_g, dl lKi_j]ie
iVl ei dl^PZl Haj]jKicZjQ, el j clJjg^Pel-[l^jdjKicZjQ, j]iQel-eag_cd_ieeUQ c\Uc^ ZgZ _UagNieji c_lSl]U cYS0iZdg _ aig^jTgJjj [ag_g
Al_ai\ieeUQ ?dg[ agT_jdjW lSGicd_g daiSYid, KdlSU Y[ag_^ieji
lcYGicd_^W^lcP _ jediaicgM j_l S^gVl egal]g.
#lcY]gacd_l ei \lNid j ei ]l^Nel [ajeYN]gdP Z jc[l^PTl_gejH
[ag_. :\icdi c di\, ela\g^Peli CYeZJjlejal_geji [l^jdjKicZlQ cjcdi\U, cl_iaDiecd_l_geji lSGicd_ieeUM ldelDiejQ ei_lT\lNeU SiT
gZdj_elVl jc[l^PTl_gejW diM DjalZjM [ag_ j c_lSl], ZldlaUi _UdiZgHd jT cYGicd_g lcel_ ZlecdjdYJjleelVl cdalW j
clcdg_^WHd eild0i\^i\UQ ?^i\ied ]i\lZagdjj; VlcY]gacd_l [aj]gid _gNeli TegKieji Cla\jal_gejH clJjg^Pel gZdj_elQ [lTjJjj Z c_lj\ [ag_g\ j c_lSl]g\ c
di\, KdlSU ?dj [ag_g j c_lSl]U jc[l^PTl_g^jcP c \gZcj\g^PelQ [l^P-
_
3
.
1
gegQ #.
AlJjg^jcdjKicZjQ VY\gejT\ j [ag_g Ki^l_iZg. <., 1978. A. 147, 148.
2
<gdYTl_ $.*.
3
gTgai_ .<.
AlJjg^jcdjKicZli [ag_l j ^jKelcdP <., 1971. A. 115—273;
AYS0iZdj_eUi [ag_g VagN]ge. Agagdl_, 1966. A. 53.
#lcY]gacd_ieeli Y[ag_^ieji eg ?dg[i [iaicdalQZj. <., 1998. A. 62.
16
MjZ_g]Ti :.<.
TlQ j ]^W lSGicd_g, j ]^W ^jKelcdj. =l?dl\Y VlcY]gacd_l ei lVagejKj_gidcW Haj]jKicZlQ CjZcgJjiQ [ag_. =al_lTV^gDgW [ag_g j c_lSl]U,
VlcY]gacd_l VgagedjaYid jM lcYGicd_^ieji ei dl^PZl [ag_l_U\j, el j
?Zlel\jKicZj\j, [l^jdjKicZj\j, j]il^lVjKicZj\j, clJjg^PeU\j cai]cd_g\j. =lcZl^PZY Ki^l_iZ j VagN]geje c iVl jediaicg\j j [ldaiSelcdW\j [ai]cdg_^Wid clSlQ V^g_eYH JieelcdP lSGicd_g, dl lSic[iKiejH
iVl
[ag_ j c_lSl], _ ZleiKel\ cKidi, [l]Kjeieg ]iWdi^PelcdP VlcY-
]gacd_g, _ciM T_iePi_ VlcY]gacd_ieelVl g[[gagdg j ]l^NelcdeUM ^jJ.
7SWTgeelcdP — ?dl lS0iZdj_el eilSMl]j\li, ]l^Neli [l_i]ieji
cYS0iZdg. A^i]Yid, _\icdi c di\, [l]KiaZeYdP, Kdl dgZgW lS0iZdj_egW eilSMl]j\lcdP l[ai]i^ieelVl [l_i]iejW ei _ciV]g lS0iZdj_el lclTegidcW, g ?dl \lNid [aj_icdj Z ldcdY[^iejH ld daiSl_gejQ ela\U. =l?dl
\Y lSWTgeelcdP — ?dl ZgZ eilSMl]j\li, dgZ j _lT\lNeli [l_i]ieji.
AYS0iZd cl_iaDgid c_lQ _USla ei dl^PZl _ cCiai Haj]jKicZjQ daiSl_gejQ j [ai][jcgejQ. *g ?dld _USla \lVYd _^jWdP j jeUi ela\U, ZldlaUi j\iHd gedjclJjg^PeYH eg[ag_^ieelcdP. : ?dl\ c^YKgi lSWTgeelcdP ei SY]id aig^jTl_geg. 7SWTgeelcdP — ?dl _lT\lNeli [l_i]ieji
j [ldl\Y, Kdl [aj
S^gVl[ajWdel\, [lTjdj_el\ ldelDiejj cYS0iZdg ii
aig^jTgJjW _ lS0iZdj_el eilSMl]j\l\ [l_i]iejj egcdY[gid ^jDP [aj
l[ai]i^ieeUM Yc^l_jWM, [ai]Yc\ldaieeUM [ag_l_lQ ela\lQ
1
.
#lcY]gacd_l _ cjcdi\i lSWTgeelcdiQ YZgTU_gid Ji^icllSagTeUQ, clJjg^Pel [l^iTeUQ j eilSMl]j\UQ _gajged ]iQcd_jQ. 7]egZl, ZgZ YNi
ld\iKg^lcP, c_lSl]g _USlag _Z^HKgid \elNicd_l CgZdlal_ j ei Tg\UZgidcW _ [ai]i^gM [ag_l_UM ?dg^lel_. =l?dl\Y _lT\lNel [l_i]ieji, Zldlali lcel_gel eg jelQ ela\gdj_elQ lajiedgJjj. jKelcdP \lNid jTSagdP ela\U, [aldj_laiKgGji daiSl_gejW\, TgZ^HKieeU\ _ lSWTgeelcdj
. gZ, _ .lecdjdYJjj FlccjQcZlQ Bi]iagJjj _ cd. 2 [al_lTV^gDgidcW
lSWTgeelcdP VlcY]gacd_g [ajTeg_gdP j TgGjGgdP [ag_g j lSWTgeelcdj
Ki^l_iZg j VagN]gejeg. 7]egZl, _ ^HSl\ VlcY]gacd_i, ZgZ j _ FlccjQcZlQ Bi]iagJjj, icdP iGi ^jJg, ZldlaUi egaYDgHd ]jcJj[^jeY. : ?dl\
c^YKgi _USla ]i^gidcW eg lajiedgJjH eg eiVgdj_eUi gedjclJjg^PeUi
cdge]gadU; le l[ai]i^WidcW Yal_ei\ clTegejW ^jKelcdj, ii
]iCla\jal_geeU\j [ai]cdg_^iejWM l NjTeieeUM JieelcdWM. *l [aj dgZl\ _USlai
aig^jTYidcW c_lSl]g. =l?dl\Y [aj lJieZi c_lSl]elVl _USlag c^i]Yid
YKjdU_gdP clcdlWeji _l^j, l[ai]i^Wi\li ii JieelcdeU\j lajiedgJjW\j.
7dajJgeji c_lSl]U Tg [aldj_l[ag_eU\ [lcdY[Zl\ ]i^g^l SU ei_lT\lNelQ [lcdgel_ZY _l[alcg lS ld_idcd_ieelcdj Tg c_lj ]iQcd_jW.
:ci cCiaU ]iQcd_jW [ag_l_lVl cdgdYcg _ i]jecd_i [ag_ j lSWTgeel-
— ?dl «[alcdagecd_l c_lSl]U», lcel_geeli eg c_lSl]i _USlag j
cdiQ
ld_idcd_ieelcdj [iai] lSGicd_l\ j c_lj\j VagN]geg\j.
-
1
gTgai_ .<.
ZgT. clK. A. 64—66.
17
: cl_ai\ieeUM Yc^l_jWM [lTjdj_egW ld_idcd_ieelcdP ^jKelcdj [ajlSaidgid lclSli TegKieji. dl lS0WceWidcW ZgZ [ajal]lQ lSGicd_g, MgagZdial\ aiVY^jaYi\UM lSGicd_ieeUM ldelDiejQ, dgZ j _lTagcdgeji\
eag_cd_ieeUM egKg^ lSagTg NjTej. :lTagcdgeji clJjg^PelQ ld_idcd_ieelcdj lSYc^l_^iel agcDjaieji\ c_lSl]U ^jKelcdj, alcdl\ ii clTegejW, Y[alKieji\ \lag^PeUM [ajeJj[l_, V^YSlZlQ Tgjediaicl_geelcdPH
_ gZdj_el\ YKgcdjj _l _ciM ]i^gM lSGicd_g j
VlcY]gacd_g. AlTegeji j
KY_cd_l ld_idcd_ieelcdj Tg c_lj [lcdY[Zj, g Zl^^iZdj_l_ — Tg cYGicd_YHGYH _ ejM \lag^PeYH gd\lcCiaY, eag_U — cYdP gZdj_elQ eag_cd_ieelQ [lTjJjj
1
. =l?dl\Y _lTagcdgeji clJjg^PelQ ld_idcd_ieelcdj [l-
alN]gidcW [l]^jeeU\ egal]l_^gcdji\, \lag^PeU\ [alVaiccl\ lSGicd_g, agcZaU_gHGj\ d_laKicZji [l\Uc^U eg \l]iaejTgJjH VlcY]gacd_g.
: lSGicd_i clJjg^PegW ld_idcd_ieelcdP — ?dl ei dl^PZl ld_idcd_ieelcdP [iai] VlcY]gacd_l\, el j [iai] VagN]geg\j. :Tgj\egW ld_idcd_ieelcdP ]aYV [iai] ]aYVl\ clT]gid clJjg^PeUi c_WTj, lSic[iKj_gHGji [alKeUQ [ag_l[laW]lZ _ lSGicd_i.
gZj\ lSagTl\,
[ag_g, lSWTgeelcdj j ld_idcd_ieelcdP _UagNgHd
lS0iZdj_eYH eilSMl]j\lcdP l[ai]i^ieeUM ?dg^lel_ [l_i]iejW j jM
_U[l^eiejW _ clld_idcd_jj c jediaicg\j lSGicd_g. FYZl_l]cd_YWcP
?dj\j jediaicg\j, VlcY]gacd_l daiSYid _U[l^eiejW lSWTgeelcdiQ j
l[ai]i^Wid Tg[aidU, c_WTgeeUi c eieg]^iNgGj\ jc[l^PTl_geji\ [ag_
j c_lSl], [aldj_laiKgGj\ jediaicg\ lSGicd_g j VlcY]gacd_g, [ag_g\
]aYVjM ^jJ. gZji lVagejKiejW YZgTgeU _ cd. 15 j 19 .lecdjdYJjj FB
j ZleZaidjTjal_geU _
diZYGi\ TgZlel]gdi^Pcd_i.
: Haj]jKicZlQ egYZi c^lNj^gcP dlKZg TaiejW, clV^gcel ZldlalQ
[ag_l W_^WidcW ei dl^PZl laY]ji\ Ji^icllSagTelVl j ?CCiZdj_elVl
lcYGicd_^iejW VlcY]gacd_ieeUM CYeZJjQ, el j eg]iNeU\ cai]cd_l\
Ji^icllSagTelQ j ?CCiZdj_elQ laVgejTgJjj cg\lQ VlcY]gacd_ieelQ
_^gcdj, Kdl ela\U, lKiaKj_gHGji Zl\[idieJjH laVgel_ VlcY]gacd_g,
W_^WHdcW ela\g\j [ag_l_U\j
2
.
cdgeg_^j_gW Zl\[idieJjH laVgel_ VlcY]gacd_ieelVl Y[ag_^iejW, VlcY]gacd_l [lcai]cd_l\ [ag_l_UM ela\ aiVY^jaYid ldelDiejW
daiM _j]l_: _l-[ia_UM, [lcdlWeel ]^WGjicW ldelDiejW \iN]Y VlcY]gacd_l\ j iVl laVgel\; _l-_dlaUM, ldelDiejW \iN]Y laVgeg\j Y[ag_^iejW j Y[ag_^Wi\U\j lS0iZdg\j; _-daidPjM, ldelDiejW \iN]Y
laVgeg\j Y[ag_^iejW j ]aYVj\j laVgeg\j VlcY]gacd_g, \iN]Y agT^jKeU\j laVgeg\j Y[ag_^iejW.
.l\[idieJjW
laVgel_ VlcY]gacd_ieelVl Y[ag_^iejW Ycdgeg_^j-
_gidcW ela\g\j ei dl^PZl ZlecdjdYJjleelVl j g]\jejcdagdj_elVl
1
!ejcj\l_ A.B.
2
!^iZcii_ A.A.
<lag^P j [l_i]ieji. <., 1979. A. 128, 129.
AlJjg^PegW JieelcdP [ag_g _ lSGicd_i. <.: aj]. ^jd., 1971. A. 181.
18
[ag_g, el j ]aYVjM ldagc^iQ [ag_g: VagN]gecZlVl, Cjegecl_lVl, daY]l_lVl j d.].
#^g_eU\ ?^i\iedl\ [ag_l_lVl cdgdYcg VlcY]gacd_ieeUM laVgel_,
l[ai]i^WHGjM iVl al^P j egTegKieji _ cjcdi\i clld_idcd_YHGjM laVgel_, W_^WidcW Zl\[idieJjW. dl ldelcjdcW j Z [ag_l_l\Y cdgdYcY
]l^Nelcdj, dgZ ZgZ ]l^NelcdeUi [l^el\lKjW W_^WHdcW clcdg_elQ
KgcdPH Zl\[idieJjj laVgeg.
: egcdlWGii _ai\W cYGicd_YHd agT^jKeUi
\eiejW l dl\, Kdl [ai]cdg_^Wid clSlQ Zl\[idieJjW VlcY]gacd_ieelVl laVgeg. :ci g_dlaU i]jel]YDel [lej\gHd [l] eiQ [ag_g j lSWTgeelcdj, g _ Kjc^i [alKjM
clcdg_^WHGjM YZgTU_gHd c^i]YHGjQ ZaYV [l]_i]l\cd_ieeUM ]geel\Y laVgeY _l[alcl_: Tg]gKj, [lcdg_^ieeUi [iai] laVgel\, _lT^lNieeUi eg eiVl CYeZJjj, diaajdlajW iVl ]iWdi^Pelcdj, ld_idcd_ieelcdP.
<U agT]i^Wi\ dlKZY TaiejW
.!. AdagDYeg, _ clld_idcd_jj c ZldlalQ Zl\[idieJjW VlcY]gacd_ieelVl laVgeg _Z^HKgid CYeZJjj j ZleZaideUi [l^el\lKjW ([ag_g j lSWTgeelcdj) _ ldelDiejj l[ai]i^ieeUM [ai]\idl_ _i]iejW. dl Ni ZgcgidcW CYeZJjQ, dl c^i]Yid [l]KiaZeYdP, Kdl ^HSgW CYeZJjW [l]Kjeieg Ji^j, agSldgid eg eii (ei c^YKgQel
jelV]g ]l[YcZgidcW c\iDieji [leWdjQ «Tg]gKg» j «CYeZJjW»). 7[ai
]i^ieji CYeZJjQ, _UdiZgHGjM jT Tg]gK, cdlWGjM [iai] VlcY]gacd_ieel\ laVgel\, [ai]cdg_^Wid clSlQ ]lcdgdlKel c^lNeYH [alS^i\Y. 7SGji CYeZJjj eg[l^eWHdcW ZleZaideU\ cl]iaNgeji\, dagecCla\jaYWcP _ c[iJjg^PeUi (c[iJjCjKicZji) CYeZJjj, c_lQcd_ieeUi clld_idcd_YHGi\Y laVgeY VlcY]gacd_ieelQ _^gcdj.
*g egD _TV^W], [ag_ .<. gTgai_, ZldlaUQ cKjdgid, Kdl Zl\[idie-
JjW laVgeg \lNid lKiaKj_gdPcW [Ydi\ YZgTgejW
eg CYeZJjj, _lT^lNieeUi eg eiVl [aj\iejdi^Pel Z dlQ j^j jelQ cCiai ]iWdi^Pelcdj. =ajKi\
_ ?dl\ c^YKgi Y laVgel_ _lTejZgHd [ag_g j lSWTgeelcdj _lT^gVgdP YZgTgeeUi CYeZJjj. A^i]l_gdi^Pel, aiKP j]id l c[lclSi ela\gdj_elVl TgZai[^iejW Zl\[idieJjj; cYdP ii l]eg j dg Ni — [ag_g j lSWTgeelcdj
1
: ZgKicd_i iGi l]elVl ?^i\iedg Zl\[idieJjj \lNel agcc\gdaj_gdP
[ag_g j lSWTgeelcdj laVgeg [l _U[l^eiejH c_ljM CYeZJjQ _ ld_i]ieeUM i\Y diaajdlajg^PeUM [ai]i^gM. 7ej clcdg_^WHd, ZgZ YZgTU_gidcW
_ [iajl]jKicZlQ ^jdiagdYai, «diaajdlajg^PeYH Zl\[idieJjH». .al\i
dlVl, [lcZl^PZY ]iQcd_jW VlcY]gacd_ieeUM laVgel_ elcWd _ dlQ j^j
jelQ \iai _^gcdeUQ MgagZdia, TgZlel]gdi^Pcd_l ]idg^Pel TgZai[^Wid
Cla\U j [laW]lZ lcYGicd_^iejW _lT^lNieeUM
eg laVge CYeZJjQ.
: aiTY^Pdgdi _U]i^WidcW iGi l]je ?^i\ied Zl\[idieJjj, ZY]g _Ml]Wd «ZleZaideUi [l^el\lKjW»; [aj ?dl\ eilSMl]j\l, KdlSU lej SU-
-
.
1
gTgai_ .<.
#lcY]gacd_ieeli Y[ag_^ieji eg ?dg[i [iaicdalQZj. <., 1998. A. 63, 64.
19
^j KidZl «agc[jcgeU» [l _ci\ CYeZJjW\1. .l\[idieJjW VlcY]gacd_ieelVl laVgeg, ld\iKgid !.. Zj\l_, aig^jTYidcW _ iVl gZdgM j ]iQcd_jWM. $M MgagZdiajcdjZg cl]iaNjdcW _ ela\gM ZlecdjdYJjleelVl [ag_g. =l ?dl\Y [l_l]Y .!. AdagDYe [jDid: «=ag_g j lSWTgeelcdj (d.i.
[l^el\lKjW) VlcY]gacd_ieeUM laVgel_ ZgZ KgcdP jM [ag_l_lVl cdgdYcg
l[ai]i^WHdcW ZlecdjdYJjW\j j TgZleg\j».
.!. AdagDYe, *
.!. AgMgal_, 7.:. Y_gi_, jcc^i]YW ?dY [alS^i\Y
_ ZgKicd_i _gNeiQDiVl ?^i\iedg [ag_l_lVl cdgdYcg, _U]i^WHd [laW]lZ iVl Cla\jal_gejW, ZldlaUQ KgGi _ciVl [ai]cdg_^Wid clSlQ jTSageji j^j egTegKieji; _lT\lNeU j eiZldlaUi jeUi c[lclSU.
#l_laW lS ?^i\iedgM [ag_l_lVl cdgdYcg VlcY]gacd_ieelVl laVgeg,
\U ]l^NeU [l]KiaZeYdP, Kdl aW] g_dlal_ _U]i^WHd j ]aYVji ?^i\iedU
cdgdYcg.
dld [laW]lZ iVl agSldU — [alJi]YaU, iVl al^P j [ajal]g
_^gcdj _ cjcdi\i VlcY]gacd_ieeUM laVgel_ j iVl Zl\[idieJjj.
.l\[idieJjW ZgN]lVl laVgeg VlcY]gacd_ieelVl Y[ag_^iejW [aljT_l]eg [aiN]i _ciVl j V^g_eU\ lSagTl\ ld Zl\[idieJjj dlVl VlcY]gacd_g, KPj\ laVgel\ W_^WidcW ]geeUQ laVge Y[ag_^iejW. dld \l\ied
KidZl ldagNie _ ]iQcd_YHGiQ ZlecdjdYJjj. gZ, _ cd. 71 .lecdjdYJjj
cZgTgel, Kdl _ ii _i]iejj egMl]WdcW [ajeWdji j jT\ieieji .lecdj-
FB
dYJjj FB j Ci]iag^PeUM TgZlel_, Zledal^P Tg jM clS^H]ieji\ j d.].
=aljT_l]elcdP [l^el\lKjQ laVgel_ ld Zl\[idieJjj VlcY]gacd_g
j\iid eicZl^PZl _j]l_. $elV]g ]iQcd_jW laVgeg agcc\gdaj_gHdcW ZgZ
]iQcd_jW cg\lVl VlcY]gacd_g, ld j\iej ZldlalVl laVge ei[lcai]cd_ieel _UcdY[gid. 7]egZl, KgGi _ciVl [l^el\lKjW laVgeg ^jDP
[aljcdiZgHd jT Zl\[idieJjj clld_idcd_YHGiVl VlcY]gacd_g, ZleZaidjTjaYW j ]idg^jTjaYW ii. *gZleiJ, laVgeU Y[ag_^iejW \lVYd j\idP [l^el\lKjW, ei _UdiZgHGji ei[lcai]cd_ieel jT [l^el\lKjQ clld_idcd_YHGiVl VlcY]gacd_g, g ^jDP eilSMl]j\Ui ZgZ Yc^l_ji Yc[iDelQ
aig^jTgJjj [lc^i]ejM. dl c_WTgel c di\, Kdl Zl\[idieJjW VlcY]gacd_g
aig^jTYidcW Ycj^jW\j \elVlKjc^ieeUM iVl laVgel_ j eYNel eg^g]jdP
dgZli jM _Tgj\l]iQcd_ji
, Zldlali c[lclScd_l_g^l SU egj^YKDi\Y lcY-
Gicd_^iejH Zl\[idieJjj clld_idcd_YHGiVl VlcY]gacd_g.
=lcZl^PZY Zl\[idieJjW laVgeg VlcY]gacd_ieelQ _^gcdj Ycdgeg_^j_gidcW VlcY]gacd_l\ [Ydi\ jT]gejW Haj]jKicZjM ela\, lel [ai]cdgid [iai] eg\j ZgZ W_^ieji «ei dl^PZl VlcY]gacd_ieel-_^gcdeli»,
el j Haj]jKicZli. 7aVge _[ag_i j lSWTge _U[l^eWdP dY ]iWdi^PelcdP,
ZldlagW eg eiVl _lT^lNieg VlcY]gacd_l\. 7e ei ]l^Nie
YZ^leWdPcW
ld aig^jTgJjj c_liQ Zl\[idieJjj. 7aVgeU j ]l^NelcdeUi ^jJg eicYd
Haj]jKicZYH ld_idcd_ieelcdP [iai] VlcY]gacd_l\, g _ aW]i c^YKgi_
j [iai] «Y[ag_^Wi\U\j lS0iZdg\j» Tg eieg]^iNgGii _U[l^eieji
1
Zj\l_ !..
TgJjj: <lelVagCjW. <., 1999. A. 23, 24.
AdgdYc cYS0iZdg g]\jejcdagdj_elQ Hajc]jZJjj j [alS^i\U iVl aig^j-
20
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