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Файл:Организационно-правовые основы регулирования миграционных процессов. Административно-правовой аспект. Монография
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[. 4 cd. 3 %gZleg lS lcel_eUM VgagedjWM jTSjagdi^PeUM [ag_ VagN]geje Flccjj, [alNj_gHGjQ Tg ii [ai]i^g\j, lS^g]gid _ciQ [l^eldlQ
1
jTSjagdi^PeUM [ag_
. "j[^l\gdjKicZji j ZlecY^PcZji YKaiN]iejW
egDiQ cdageU lSWTgeU lZgTU_gdP cl]iQcd_ji VagN]gejeY FB _ aig^jTgJjj iVl jTSjagdi^PeUM [ag_, Ycdgel_^ieeUM TgZlel\. : 2012 V.
]^W lcYGicd_^iejW gZdj_elVl jTSjagdi^PelVl [ag_g alccjQcZjM VagN]ge, [alNj_gHGjM Tg aYSiNl\, [aj _USlagM =aiTj]iedg FB SU^l
clT]gel c_UDi 300 jTSjagdi^PeUM YKgcdZl_ _ 146 cdagegM \jag.
gZj\ lSagTl\, VagN]gei FB Tg aYSiNl\ _[ag_i
YKgcd_l_gdP _
_USlagM j aiCiaie]Y\gM, [al_l]j\UM _ cdagei c_liVl VagN]gecd_g.
Kid Ni^gHGjM ]lSal_l^Pel _UiMgdP _ FlccjH, cl]iQcd_ji clldiKicd_ieejZg\ _ _USlai l[dj\g^PelVl _gajgedg [iaici^iejW, [l]Vldl_Zg jM Z aiVjcdagJjj, [al_i]ieji \ial[ajWdjQ, lSic[iKj_gHGjM
jM [iaici^ieji _ FB, lcYGicd_^WidcW [ai]cdg_jdi^Pcd_g\j B<A Flccjj, <$" Flccjj j ]aYVjM Tgjediaicl_geeUM Ci]iag^PeUM laVgel_
jc[l^ejdi^PelQ _^gcdj, g dgZNi
agSldejZg\j ZlecY^PcZjM YKaiN]i-
ejQ FlccjQcZlQ Bi]iagJjj.
: 2011—2012 VV. ld clldiKicd_ieejZl_ [ajeWdl 62 dUc. geZid ]^W
YKgcdjW _ #lcY]gacd_ieelQ [alVag\\i, 44 dUc. TgW_^iejQ l _U]gKi c_j]idi^Pcd_ YKgcdejZg #lcY]gacd_ieelQ [alVag\\U. =l ]geeU\, _Z^HKieeU\ _ c_j]idi^Pcd_g, eg diaajdlajH FB [ajSU^l lZl^l 70 dUc.
YKgcdejZl_ #lcY]gacd_ieelQ [alVag\\U c K^ieg\j ci\iQ (jT ejM 63%
clcdg_^WHd ^jJg NiecZlVl [l^g, 37% —
\YNcZlVl). *g YKid _ diaajdlajg^PeUM laVgegM B<A Flccjj [l cYS0iZdg\, aig^jTYHGj\ clld_idcd_YHGji aiVjleg^PeUi [alVag\\U [iaici^iejW, [lcdg_^iel
65 dUc. [iaici^ieJi_.
=l _lTagcdel\Y clcdg_Y YKgcdejZj #lcY]gacd_ieelQ [alVag\\U
agc[ai]i^WHdcW c^i]YHGj\ lSagTl\. =l ZleCiccjleg^Pel\Y clcdg_Y Sl^PDYH KgcdP clcdg_^WHd Majcdjgei — 64%, \YcY^P\gei —
7%, ]aYVli _ialjc[l_i]geji — 8%, 19% clldiKicd_ieejZl_ ldZgTg^jcP YZgTgdP c_li _ialjc[l_i]geji. =l egJjleg^Pel\Y clcdg_Y clldiKicd_ieejZj agc[ai]i^WHdcW c^i]YHGj\ lSagTl\: aYccZji —
60%; YZagjeJU — 9%; ga\Wei — 7%; ei\JU — 3%; dgdgaU — 3%;
dg]NjZj — 2%; ]aYVji egJjleg^Pelcdj — 14%; 1% — ldZgTg^jcP ld
Tg[l^eiejW ]geelVl [YeZdg.
1
Bi]iag^PeUQ TgZle ld 19 ciedWSaW 1997 V. «7S lcel_eUM VgagedjWM jTSjagdi^PeUM [ag_
j [ag_g eg YKgcdji _ aiCiaie]Y\i VagN]ge FlccjQcZlQ Bi]iagJjj» // FlccjQcZgW VgTidg.
1997, 25 cied.
161
Aai]j YKgcdejZl_ #lcY]gacd_ieelQ [alVag\\U j\iHd _UcDii j
eilZleKieeli _UcDii lSagTl_geji — 42%; cai]eii [alCiccjleg^Peli,
cai]eii diMejKicZli, cai]eii c[iJjg^Peli lSagTl_geji — 43%; [l^eli
cai]eii j lcel_eli cai]eii lSagTl_geji — 14%, ]aYVli — 1%.
: lcel_el\ clldiKicd_ieejZj [ajSU_gHd jT .gTgMcdgeg (29%
ld [iaici^j_DjMcW), TSiZjcdgeg (15%), ZagjeU (14%), <l^]g_jj
(10%), .jaVjTjj (10%), jT ]aYVjM cdage (22%). =l clcdlWejH eg
1 We_gaW 2013 V. _ aig^jTgJjj #lcY]gacd_ieelQ [alVag\\U YKgcd-
_YHd 43 cYS0iZdg
FlccjQcZlQ Bi]iagJjj1.
=algeg^jTjal_g_ lclSieelcdj aig^jTgJjj j TgGjdU [ag_ j c_lSl]
clldiKicd_ieejZl_, j\iHGjM alccjQcZli VagN]gecd_l, \lNel c]i^gdP
c^i]YHGji _U_l]U.
%gGjdg j [lZal_jdi^Pcd_l clldiKicd_ieejZl_ Tg aYSiNl\ (VagN]ge Flccjj) — lSWTgeelcdP Flccjj. =aj ?dl\ TgGjdg jediaicl_ c_ljM
VagN]ge ]l^Neg lcYGicd_^WdPcW _ [ai]i^gM, ]l[YcZgi\UM \iN]Yegal]eU\ [ag_l\ ([ajeJj[ ei_\iDgdi^Pcd_g).
: egcdlWGii _ai\W ldcYdcd_Yid \iMgejT\ TgGjdU ^jKeUM [ag_ j
c_lSl] clldiKicd_ieejZl_ Tg aYSiNl\ (VagN]ge FB). *g egD _TV^W],
]^W TgGjdU c_ljM VagN]ge, [alNj_gHGjM Tg aYSiNl\, Flccjj c^i]Yid
jc[l^PTl_gdP dgZji c[lclSU TgGjdU, ZgZ «VY\gejdgaeli _\iDgdi^Pcd_l» j «VY\gejdgaegW [l\lGP». *i]lcdgdlKel YaiVY^jal_geeU\
lcdgidcW _l[alc \iMgejT\g _lT_agdg alccjQcZjM VagN]ge _ FlccjH _
c^YKgi ldcYdcd_jW Y ejM eilSMl]j\UM cai]cd_. Bjegecl_UQ \iMgejT\
?dlVl _lT_agdg [lZg ei ldagSldge
. FiDieji \lNid SUdP egQ]iel [Ydi\
_U]gKj _lT_agdeUM ccY] jT clld_idcd_YHGjM aiTia_eUM Cle]l_ [l\lGj clldiKicd_ieejZg\.
$T _ciM [l^jdjKicZjM [ag_ egjSl^ii aiVY^Wael aig^jTYidcW [ag_l
VagN]ge eg YKgcdji _ Y[ag_^iejj ]i^g\j VlcY]gacd_g ZgZ ei[lcai]cd_ieel, dgZ j KiaiT c_ljM [ai]cdg_jdi^iQ. : Jiedai ?dlVl [alJiccg
^iNjd gZdj_eli jTSjagdi^Peli [ag_l. !Zdj_eli cl]iQcd_ji _ aig^jTgJjj ?dlVl
[ag_g lZgTU_gHd ]j[^l\gdjKicZji [ai]cdg_jdi^Pcd_g j
ZlecY^PcZji YKaiN]iejW Flccjj. =lTjJjW Flccjj lSYc^l_^ieg ii lSWTgeelcdW\j [l lSic[iKiejH cdgdYcg ^jJg, _UdiZgHGiVl jT iVl VagN]gecd_g, Kdl ldagNiel _ %gZlei l VagN]gecd_i (cd. 5).
AlldiKicd_ieejZj, [alNj_gHGji Tg aYSiNl\ j ei j\iHGji alccjQcZlVl VagN]gecd_g, ldelcjdi^Pel [ajeg]^iNelcdj Z FlccjQcZl\Y
VlcY]gacd_Y _UcdY[gHd _ c^i]YHGjM [ag_l_UM clcdlWejWM ZgZ
jel-
cdageeUi VagN]gei j ^jJg SiT VagN]gecd_g.
TUZ ZgZ cai]cd_l \iN^jKelcdelVl lSGiejW jVagid lclSYH al^P.
dl _gNeiQDjQ ?^i\ied ZY^PdYaU, lcel_egW Cla\g [alW_^iejW eg-
1
=l ]geeU\ B<A Flccjj Tg 2012 V.
162
Jjleg^PelVl j ^jKelcdelVl cg\lclTegejW. =l?dl\Y Ji^icllSagTel
_U]i^jdP ?^i\iedU, MgagZdiajTYHGji cdgdYc WTUZg. . ej\ ldelcWdcW
[leWdjW al]elVl WTUZg, WTUZg lSGiejW, _lc[jdgejW, lSYKiejW, d_laKicd_g. dj [leWdjW _ egcdlWGii _ai\W ei j\iHd TgZlel]gdi^PelVl
dl^Zl_gejW. 7]egZl, jM l[ai]i^ieji cYGicd_ieel _^jWid eg lJieZY
cdi[iej aig^jTgJjj dgZlVl ^jKelVl [ag_g, Zldlali c_WTgel cl c_lSl]eU\ _USlal\ WTUZg ZgZ cai]cd_g
Zl\\YejZgJjj, _lc[jdgejW, lSYKi-
ejW j d_laKicd_g.
=leWdji «WTUZ lSGiejW» _Z^HKgid _ ciSW di cai]cd_g lSGiejW, ZldlaUi ]geeUQ Ki^l_iZ jc[l^PTYid _ \iN^jKelcdeUM ZledgZdgM ZgZ eg
SUdl_l\, dgZ j eg lCjJjg^Pel\ Yal_eWM. TUZl\ lSGiejW \lNid
SUdP al]elQ WTUZ (lSUKel WTUZ al]jdi^iQ j^j ^jJ, jM Tg\ieWHGjM),
VlcY]gacd_ieeUQ WTUZ, WTUZ jelQ ?dejKicZlQ VaY[[U. =l]
WTUZl\ _lc[jdgejW [lej\gidcW dld, ZldlaUQ jc[l^PTYidcW [aj Cla\jal_gejj eg_UZl_ [l_i]iejW aiSieZg _ ci\Pi, _ _lc[jdgdi^PeUM j lSagTl_gdi^PeUM
1
YKaiN]iejWM
. *gZleiJ, WTUZl\ lSYKiejW cKjdgidcW dld, eg Zldlal\
_i]idcW [ai[l]g_geji _ lSagTl_gdi^PeUM YKaiN]iejWM.
TUZl_gW [alS^i\g ]^W clldiKicd_ieejZl_ Tg aYSiNl\ cdljd egjSl^ii lcdal _ aic[YS^jZgM SU_DiVl AlHTg. dl c_WTgel c aW]l\ CgZdlal_. :l-[ia_UM, clldiKicd_ieejZj lZgTg^jcP «Tg aYSiNl\» ei [l
clScd_ieelQ _l^i. :l-_dlaUM, aYccZjQ WTUZ eg diaajdlajj SU_DiVl
AlHTg [ldiaW^ cdgdYc
VlcY]gacd_ieelVl j clMageWidcW, _ ^YKDi\ c^YKgi, ZgZ WTUZ lSGiejW. ! _ ]g^Pei\ TgaYSiNPi le jTegKg^Pel SU^ jelcdageeU\ WTUZl\, clMageWW c[lclSelcdP _UcdY[gdP _ ZgKicd_i WTUZg
lSGiejW. $, _-daidPjM, ?Zlel\jKicZgW cjdYgJjW _ cdagegM S^jNeiVl
TgaYSiNPW eicdgSj^Peg, Kdl clT]gid eiaig^PeUi Yc^l_jW ]^W cg\laig^jTgJjj Ki^l_iZg, _ dl\ Kjc^i _ ldelDiejj WTUZg.
"jcZaj\jegJjW [l
lcel_gejH WTUZg W_^WidcW CgZdlal\ Zlc_ieelQ ]jcZaj\jegJjj _ ldelDiejj clldiKicd_ieejZl_. 7eg [alW_^WidcW _ TgZaUdjj DZl^ j
_YTl_, _i]YGjM lSYKieji eg aYccZl\ WTUZi, _ clZagGiejj Kjc^g VgTid,
di^i- j ag]jlZgeg^l_, jT]gHGjMcW j _iGgHGjM eg aYccZl\ WTUZi, g
dgZNi _ lVagejKiejj aig^jTgJjj daY]l_UM [ag_ [l [ajKjei eiTegejW
WTUZg, [al_lTV^gDgi\lVl VlcY]gacd_ieeU\.
$T_icdel, Kdl [ag_l
[l^PTl_gdPcW al]eU\ WTUZl\ ldeH]P ei jcZ^HKgid eilSMl]j\lcdj TegejW WTUZg cdageU, V]i Ki^l_iZ [alNj_gid.
$TYKieji Ni VlcY]gacd_ieelVl WTUZg lc^lNeiel ldcYdcd_ji\ egYKel[ajZ^g]eUM jcc^i]l_gejQ eg ?dld cKid, clld_idcd_YHGji YKjdi^W ei
Vldl_WdcW, g jT]geji eYNeUM YKiSejZl_ ]gNi ei [^gejaYidcW.
1
.lecdjdYJjW FB. .l\\iedgajQ / =l] lSG. ai]. .*. l[laejeg, .<. gdYajeg, F.#. 7ai-
Ml_g. <.: aj]. ^jd. 1994. A. 168.
163
: 1994 V. d_iaN]ieg =alVag\\g \ia [l [l]]iaNZi clldiKicd_ie-
1
ejZl_
. dld ]lZY\ied ]l[l^ej^ B% «7 VlcY]gacd_ieelQ [l^jdjZi
FlccjQcZlQ Bi]iagJjj _ ldelDiejj clldiKicd_ieejZl_ Tg aYSiNl\»
l[ai]i^j_DjQ lcel_eUi eg[ag_^iejW VlcY]gacd_ieelQ [l^jdjZj Flccjj _ ldelDiejj ?dlQ ZgdiVlajj ^jJ, j [lcdgel_^ieji =ag_jdi^Pcd_g
3
l \iagM [l [l]]iaNZi clldiKicd_ieejZl_ Tg aYSiNl\
. =ajeWdl =l-
cdgel_^ieji =ag_jdi^Pcd_g FB «7 _eiciejj jT\ieiejQ _ =lcdgel_^ieji =ag_jdi^Pcd_g FB ld 15 jH^W 2010 V. & 528 «7S Yd_iaN]iejj
=l^lNiejW l _U]gKi eg diaajdlajj FB c_j]idi^Pcd_g YKgcdejZg #lcY]gacd_ieelQ [alVag\\U [l lZgTgejH cl]iQcd_jW ]lSal_l^Pel\Y
[iaici^iejH _ FB clldiKicd_ieejZl_, [alNj_gHGjM Tg aYSiNl\, j l
_eiciejj jT\ieiejQ _ [lcdgel_^ieji =ag_jdi^Pcd_g FB ld 28 ]iZgSaW
. & 817», _ agTagSldZi ZldlalVl [ajej\g^ YKgcdji g_dla.
2006 V
"^W clMageiejW j agT_jdjW jeCla\gJjleeUM c_WTiQ c clldiKicd_ieejZg\j Tg aYSiNl\ [iai] FlccjiQ cdljd Tg]gKg lSic[iKiejW (KiaiT ]lVl_laelQ [alJicc eg \iN_i]l\cd_ieel\ j \iN[ag_jdi^Pcd_ieel\
Yal_eWM) Sic[ai[Wdcd_ieelVl CYeZJjlejal_gejW alccjQcZjM A<$ _
cdagegM TgaYSiNPW, _ dl\ Kjc^i dag]jJjleelVl. 7 ciaPiTelcdj eg\iaiejQ FB c_j]idi^Pcd_Yid [ajeWdji Ci]iag^PelVl TgZleg,
Vl YKgcdji Flccjj _ \iN]Yegal]el\ jeCla\gJjleel\ lS\iei
aiVY^jaYHGi-
4
. :\icdi
c di\, egjSl^ii lcdal ?dld _l[alc cdljd j\ieel _ aic[YS^jZgM SU_DiVl AAAF, Kdl cl[aWNiel c jM [ai]cdg_^iejW\j l cY_iaiejdidi, _ dl\
Kjc^i jeCla\gJjleel\. :ld [lKi\Y eilSMl]j\ gZdj_eUQ [ljcZ \iMgejT\l_ iVl agTaiDiejW.
KjdU_gW TegKj\lcdP A<$ ]^W clldiKicd_ieejZl_ Tg aYSiNl\,
[ajlajdidU VlcY]gacd_ieelQ [l^jdjZj j ?Zlel\jKicZli [l^lNieji
jT]gejQ, c^i]Yid [ai]lcdg_^WdP aYccZlWTUKeU\ [iajl]jKicZj\
jT]gejW\ clldiKicd_ieejZl_ eg SiT_lT\iT]elQ lcel_i \gdiajg^U alccjQcZjM jeCla\gJjleeUM gViedcd_, _i]P aiKP j]id l [ag_gM j c_lSl]gM
VagN]ge, _l^iH jcdlajKicZlQ cY]PSU lZgTg_DjMcW Tg [ai]i^g\j cdageU c_liVl VagN]gecd_g.
*g lcel_i cZgTgeelVl [l[Udgi\cW cCla\Y^jal_gdP eiZldlaUi Tg-
]gKj, cdlWGji [iai] FlccjiQ, _ c_WTj c TgGjdlQ ^jKeUM [ag_ clldi-
2
,
1
ZgT =aiTj]iedg FB ld 11 g_VYcdg 1994 V. & 1681 «7S lcel_eUM eg[ag_^iejWM VlcY]gacd_ieelQ [l^jdjZj FlccjQcZlQ Bi]iagJjj _ ldelDiejj clldiKicd_ieejZl_, [alNj_gHGjM
Tg aYSiNl\» // A% FB. 1994. & 16. Ad. 1888.
2
Bi]iag^PeUQ TgZle ld 24 \gW 1999 V. «7 VlcY]gacd_ieelQ [l^jdjZi FlccjQcZlQ Bi]iagJjj _ ldelDiejj clldiKicd_ieejZl_ Tg aYSiNl\» // FlccjQcZgW VgTidg. 1999, 1 jHeW.
3
AdagdiVjKicZjQ ZYac Flccjj c VlcY]gacd_g\j — YKgcdejZg\j A*#, Yd_iaN]ieeUQ ZgTl\
=aiTj]iedg FB ld 14 ciedWSaW 1995 V. & 940 // FlccjQcZgW VgTidg. 1995, 23 cied.
4
Bi]iag^PeUQ TgZle ld 4 jH^W 1996 V. «7S YKgcdjj _ \iN]Yegal]el\ jeCla\gJjleel\
lS\iei» // A% FB. 1996. & 28.
164
Kicd_ieejZl_, [aiSU_gHGjM Tg VagejJiQ, _ [ia_YH lKiai]P _ aic[YS^jZgM SU_DiVl AAAF.
"^W Flccjj ?dl diaajdlajW [alNj_gejW Sl^ii 25 \^e SU_DjM clVagN]ge, ZldlaUi [l]_iaNieU ]jcZaj\jegJjj [l agT^jKeU\ lcel_gejW\ — egJjleg^Pelcdj, WTUZY. =alS^i\g clldiKicd_ieejZl_ W_^WidcW TegKj\U\ CgZdlal\ _ Cla\jal_gejj ldelDiejQ Flccjj cl
cdageg\j A*# j g^djj j _l _eYdaj[l^jdjKicZlQ cjdYgJjj _
1
jT ?djM cdage
. 7SGji ag\Zj ]l[Ycdj\UM cai]cd_ TgGjdU [ag_ egDjM
ZgN]lQ
clldiKicd_ieejZl_ lKiaKieU \iN]Yegal]el-[ag_l_U\j ela\g\j, TgZleg\j cdage jM [alNj_gejW, .lecdjdYJjiQ j ]iQcd_YHGj\ TgZlel]gdi^Pcd_l\ Flccjj. =aj ?dl\ _gNel clT]gdP [ag_l_Ui cdj\Y^U
«c\WVKiejW» _eYdajVlcY]gacd_ieelVl TgZlel]gdi^Pcd_g _ ldelDiejj
ei VagN]ge j egJjleg^PeUM \iePDjecd_. 7]ej\ jT Yc^l_jQ aig^PelVl
lSaidiejW clldiKicd_ieejZg\j \iNVlcY]gacd_ieel TgZai[^ieeUM ^jKeUM [ag_ j c_lSl]
, eg egD _TV^W], _UcdY[gid jc[l^PTl_geji FlccjiQ
[aji\l_ j cai]cd_, Yd_iaN]ieeUM [lcdgel_^ieji\ =ag_jdi^Pcd_g
Flccjj ld 17 \gW 1996 V.
: Ji^l\ \iNVlcY]gacd_ieegW \jVagJjW [aj_i^g Z clT]gejH _icP\g
c^lNelQ \iN]Yegal]elQ [l^jdjZj, _Z^HKgHGiQ _ ciSW eg[ag_^iejW
YKgcdjW ei VagN]ge _ [l^jdjKicZlQ NjTej cdageU [alNj_gejW. gZli
YKgcdji j [ai]cdg_jdi^Pcd_l clldiKicd_ieejZl_ \lNid TegKjdi^Pel
_lT]iQcd_l_gdP eg [l^jdjKicZji cjcdi\U ZgZ cdageU [alNj_gejW,
dgZ
j Flccjj, g dgZNi eg ]_Ycdlaleeji ldelDiejW \iN]Y ?dj\j cdageg\j.
7d ?dlVl _l \elVl\ Tg_jcjd Yal_ieP jediVagJjj clldiKicd_ieejZl_ _
[l^jdjKicZYH cjcdi\Y cdageU jM [alNj_gejW.
#lcY]gacd_ieelQ [l]]iaNZlQ _ ?Zlel\jKicZlQ j clJjg^PelQ cCiai, _ lS^gcdj ZY^PdYaU, WTUZg, lSagTl_gejW j jeCla\gJjj \lVYd [l^PTl_gdPcW _ci ZgdiVlajj clldiKicd_ieejZl_ Tg aYSiNl\. $M [ag_l_li
[l^lNieji _
cdagegM [aiSU_gejW l[ai]i^WidcW egJjleg^PeU\ TgZlel]gdi^Pcd_l\ VlcY]gacd_g \icdlegMlN]iejW j TgZ^HKieeU\j \iN]Yegal]eU\j ]lVl_lag\j j clV^gDiejW\j. : cj^Y ?djM \iN]Yegal]eUM ]lVl_lal_ j clV^gDiejQ FlccjW _[ag_i, eg TgZleeUM lcel_gejWM,
lcYGicd_^WdP Haj]jKicZYH TgGjdY [ag_ j c_lSl] ?dlQ ZgdiVlajj clldiKicd_ieejZl_. i^j VlcY]gacd_ieelQ [l^jdjZj FB _ ldelDiejj clldiKicd_ieejZl_ Tg aYSiNl\ TgZ^HKgHdcW _ lZgTgejj
VlcY]gacd_ieelQ
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1
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[l] clldiKicd_ieejZg\j [l]agTY\i_gHdcW ^jJg, al]j_DjicW _ l]el\ VlcY]gacd_i, [alNj_gHGji (^jSl [alNj_g_Dji) _ ei\ j lS^g]gHGji [ajTegZg\j lSGelcdj WTUZg, ai^jVjj, ZY^PdYaelVl egc^i]jW, dag]jJjQ j lSUKgi_, g dgZNi [ldl\Zj YZgTgeeUM ^jJ [l [aW\lQ ejcMl]WGiQ ^jejj.
: c_lH lKiai]P, clldiKicd_ieejZj Tg aYSiNl\ — ?dl:
6 VagN]gei FB, [lcdlWeel [alNj_gHGji Tg [ai]i^g\j
FB;
6 ^jJg, clcdlW_Dji _ VagN]gecd_i AAAF, [alNj_gHGji _ VlcY]ga-
cd_gM, _Ml]j_DjM _ clcdg_ AAAF, [l^YKj_Dji VagN]gecd_l ?djM
VlcY]gacd_ j^j cdg_Dji ^jJg\j SiT VagN]gecd_g;
6 _UMl]JU (?\jVagedU) jT FlccjQcZlVl VlcY]gacd_g, FlccjQcZlQ
aic[YS^jZj, FABAF, AAAF j FB, j\i_Dji clld_idcd_YHGYH
VagN]gecZYH [ajeg]^iNelcdP j cdg_Dji VagN]geg\j jelcdageelVl VlcY]gacd_g, ^jSl j\iHGji _j] eg Njdi^Pcd_l j^j
cdg_Dji
^jJg\j SiT VagN]gecd_g;
6 [ldl\Zj ^jJ, [ajeg]^iNgGjM Z _UDiYZgTgeeU\ VaY[[g\, Tg
jcZ^HKieji\ [ldl\Zl_ ^jJ djdY^PeUM egJjQ jelcdageeUM VlcY]gacd_.
: cj^Y eg^jKjW Y ld]i^PelQ ZgdiVlajj clldiKicd_ieejZl_ Tg aYSiNl\ VagN]gecd_g FB FlccjW lSic[iKj_gid j\ c_lH [lcdlWeeYH [l]]iaNZY. =ag_l VlcY]gacd_g eg TgGjdY VagN]ge, [alNj_gHGjM Tg aYSiNl\, lSYc^l_^iel VlcY]gacd_ieeU\ cY_iaiejdidl\
j gZdYg^jTjaYidcW
_ ldelDiejWM c ]aYVj\j cdageg\j. 7SWTgeelcdj _ ?dlQ cCiai VlcY]gacd_l eicid [l ldelDiejH Z ]geelQ ZgdiVlajj clldiKicd_ieejZl_
clV^gcel ]iQcd_YHGiQ .lecdjdYJjj FB (cd. 61), ZgZ j Zl _ci\ c_lj\
VagN]geg\. AKjdgi\, Kdl egT_geegW lSWTgeelcdP ei ]l^Neg [l]g_^WdPcW ldiKicd_ieeU\j Vil[l^jdjKicZj\j jediaicg\j.
7delDiejW Flccjj j clldiKicd_ieejZl_, W_^WHGjMcW jelcdage-
Jg\j j ^jJg\j SiT
VagN]gecd_g, ]jCCiaieJjaYHdcW. "^W FlccjQcZlQ
Bi]iagJjj [ajlajdideli TegKieji j\iHd ldelDiejW c di\j jT ejM,
Zdl clcdlW^ _ VagN]gecd_i AAAF. :\icdi c di\, _ci ZgdiVlajj clldiKicd_ieejZl_ Tg aYSiNl\ _[ag_i agccKjdU_gdP eg [l]]iaNZY FB _
lSic[iKiejj c_ljM lcel_eUM c_lSl], g dgZNi VagN]gecZjM, [l^jdjKicZjM, ?Zlel\jKicZjM, clJjg^PeUM, ZY^PdYaeUM j jeUM [ag_, [ai]Yc\ldaieeUM \iN]Yegal]eU\j [gZdg\j
l [ag_gM Ki^l_iZg.
1
A% FB. 1999. & 22. Ad. 2670.
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lSGi[ajTegeeU\j [ajeJj[g\j j ela\g\j \iN]Yegal]elVl [ag_g,
\iN]Yegal]eU\j ]lVl_lag\j FB, TgZlel]gdi^Pcd_l\ FB, g dgZNi c
YKidl\ TgZlel]gdi^Pcd_g jelcdageeUM VlcY]gacd_, _ aig^jTgJjj j
lSic[iKiejj [ag_ Ki^l_iZg j VagN]gejeg. 7]egZl, eg egD
ldcYdcd_Yid Ji^lcdegW, cZlla]jejal_geegW j Ji^ieg[ag_^ieegW VlcY]gacd_ieegW [l^jdjZg [l TgGjdi clldiKicd_ieejZl_ Tg aYSiNl\.
=l]]iaNZg FlccjQcZlQ Bi]iagJjiQ clldiKicd_ieejZl_ Tg aYSiNl\
l[ai]i^WidcW ^iZcjZl-Haj]jKicZlQ ZlecdaYZJjiQ: «[lZal_jdi^Pcd_l»
j «TgGjdg». AYS0iZdl\ [lZal_jdi^Pcd_g W_^WidcW VlcY]gacd_l _ Ji^l\,
g TgGjdY lcYGicd_^WHd Y[l^el\lKieeUi VlcY]gacd_ieeUi laVgeU.
«=lZal_jdi^Pcd_l» MgagZdiajTYidcW [ia\geiedelcdPH, g «TgGjdg» —
cjdYgdj_elcdPH. «=lZal_jdi^Pcd_l» — ?dl eiZjQ [ldieJjg^, ZldlaUQ
l[ai]i^ieeUM Haj]jKicZjM CgZdgM [ailSagTYidcW _ c_li el_li Zg-
[aj
Kicd_l — «TgGjdY». =leWdji «TgGjdg» [l]agTY\i_gid clJjg^Pel-?Zlel\jKicZYH c_WTP VlcY]gacd_g cl c_lj\j clldiKicd_ieejZg\j, [alNj_gHGj\j Tg aYSiNl\, ZldlaUM lel agcc\gdaj_gid ZgZ [ldieJjg^PeUQ
aicYac S^gVl[l^YKjW j [alJ_idgejW Flccjj.
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7cel_eU\j _l[alcg\j, [l]^iNgGj\j cag_ejdi^Pel-[ag_l_l\Y jcc^i]l_gejH _ cCiai [ag_l_lVl cdgdYcg \jVagJjleeUM c^YNS W_^WHdcW:
6 ZleJi[dYg^PeUi [l]Ml]U Z g]\jejcdagdj_el-[ag_l_l\Y aiVY-
^jal_gejH [ag_l_lVl cdgdYcg \jVagJjleeUM c^YNS, egMl]WGji
c_li TgZai[^ieji _ [ag_i, Vlc[l]cd_YHGji egYKeUi ]lZdajeU;
[ag_l_Ui lcel_U aiVY^jal_gejW [ag_l_lVl cdgdYcg \jVagJjle-
6
eUM c^YNS, _ [ia_YH lKiai]P ZlecdjdYJjleel-[ag_l_Ui j g]\j-
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eUM [ai][jcgejQ _ cCiai \jVagJjj.
!]\jejcdagdj_el-[ag_l_lQ cdgdYc \jVagJjleelQ c^YNSU — ?dl
ii [l^lNieji _ cjcdi\i CYeZJjlejaYHGiQ jc[l^ejdi^PelQ _^gcdj.
Y]YKj laVgeg\j jc[l^ejdi^PelQ _^gcdj, \jVagJjleeUi c^YNSU, [aj
eilSMl]j\lcdj, \lVYd j\idP cdgdYc jeUM VlcY]gacd_ieeUM
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]^W aiDiejW [lcdg_^ieeUM Tg]gK _ cCiai \jVagJjj.
=ag_l_lQ cdgdYc \jVagJjleeUM
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: .lecdjdYJjj FB ldcYdcd_Yid dia\je «CjTjKicZji ^jJg», Tgdl
[aj\ieWidcW Ji^UQ egSla [leWdjQ: «Ki^l_iZ», «VagN]geje», «^jKelcdP», «ZgN]UQ», «_ci». 7]egZl, YKjdU_gW \elVlTegKelcdP
dia\jeg «^jJl», lTegKgHGiVl ZgZ CjTjKicZli, dgZ j Haj]jKicZli
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Ki^l_iZg 1991 V. _ [ag_l_lQ lSlald SU^l __i]iel [leWdji «ZgN]UQ»,
lTegKgHGii lSlSGieji [leWdjQ «Ki^l_iZ» j «VagN]geje». .lecdjdYJjW FB ]lSg_j^g iGi Sl^PDii dia\jel^lVjKicZli agTellSagTji _
lSlTegKieji
ldelDiejQ, _Z^HKj_ _ jM Kjc^l dia\je «_ci» j aigSj^jdjal_g_ [leWdji «^jKelcdP». =ajKi\ ej l]el jT ?djM [leWdjQ ei dl^PZl ei [l-
CjTjKicZjM ^jJ — cYS0iZdl_ ZlecdjdYJjleel-[ag_l_UM
c^YNS _ Yc^l_jWM ]i\lZagdjKi-
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CjTjKicZjM ^jJ (VagN]gejei, jelcdageeUi VagN]gei j ^jJg SiT VagN]gecd_g, g[gdaj]U, ^jJg, jGYGji YSiNjGg, _UeYN]ieeUi [iaici^ieJU j d.].) j\iHd l[ai]i^ieeUi [ag_g j lSWTgeelcdj ZgZ [iai]
cdagelQ _0iT]i,
dgZ j [iai] clScd_ieelQ cdagelQ.
A^i]Yid lSagdjdP _ej\geji eg [al_l]j\li _ .lecdjdYJjj FB agTVagejKieji lcel_eUM [ag_ j c_lSl] eg [ag_g j c_lSl]U Ki^l_iZg j
VagN]gejeg. Fig^jTgJjW [ag_g eg _0iT] j _UiT] eg[aW\YH c_WTgeg c
[ajeg]^iNelcdPH Z dl\Y j^j jel\Y VlcY]gacd_Y. dl agTVagejKieji
ei[lcai]cd_ieel _UdiZgid jT agT^jKiejW VagN]gecZlVl lSGicd_g j VlcY]gacd_g,
[ail]l^i_gid l]elcdlaleeii agcc\ldaieji Ki^l_iZg _ iVl
_Tgj\lc_WTj dl^PZl c VlcY]gacd_l\, cYNieji cCiaU iVl cg\ll[ai]i^iejW. i^l_iZY ZgZ dgZl_l\Y ld_l]jdcW g_dlel\eli [l^i ]iWdi^Pelcdj,
V]i ]_jNYGiQ cj^lQ _UcdY[gHd iVl je]j_j]Yg^PeUi jediaicU. Fig^jTgJjW dgZlVl jediaicg lcYGicd_^WidcW _ VagN]gecZl\ lSGicd_i, lcel_geel\ eg KgcdelQ clScd_ieelcdj, ci\Pi, _ciM cCiagM ^jKelQ NjTej, j
l[jagidcW eg icdicd_ieeUi [ag_g
Ki^l_iZg, [ajeg]^iNgGji i\Y ld alN]iejW. #lcY]gacd_l, _lT]iaNj_gWcP ld _\iDgdi^Pcd_g _ ?dj ldelDiejW,
[ajT_gel lVagN]gdP jM ei dl^PZl ld c_liVl, el j ld KPiVl SU dl ej SU^l _\iDgdi^Pcd_g. gZj\ lSagTl\, _ VagN]gecZl\ lSGicd_i eg lcel_i
[ag_ Ki^l_iZg clT]gHdcW Yc^l_jW ]^W cg\ll[ai]i^iejW, cg\laig^jTgJjj ^jKelcdj, lSic[iKiejW ii g_dlel\jj j eiTg_jcj\lcdj
ld ^HSlVl
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[ag_l_UM ldelDiejQ. gcdP 2 cd. 17 .lecdjdYJjj FB Yd_iaN]gid _ci
[ag_g j c_lSl]U Ki^l_iZg ZgZ lcel_eUi, di\ cg\U\ [l]d_iaN]gW jM
ag_elJieelcdP. : [ag_l_lQ cdgdYc VagN]gejeg _Z^HKgidcW
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«VagN]gecZji [ag_g», «[l^jdjKicZji [ag_g», «clJjg^Pel-?Zlel\jKicZji [ag_g». dlSU [l]KiaZeYdP agT^jKji, [ai]^gVgidcW l[ai]i^WdP [l^jdjKicZji j VagN]gecZji [ag_g ZgZ j\ieel «[ag_g», g
clJjg^Pel-?Zlel\jKicZji j ZY^PdYaeUi — ZgZ daiSl_gejW. "aYVj\j
c^l_g\j, [ag_g-c_lSl]U l[ai]i^WHdcW, ZgZ «
[ag_l ]iQcd_l_gdP», g
clJjg^PeUi — ZgZ «[ag_l [l^YKgdP». dld [ajeJj[ \lNel cCla\Y^jal_gdP j [l-]aYVl\Y: [l^jdjKicZji j VagN]gecZji [ag_g l[ai]i^jdP ZgZ [ag_l ]iQcd_l_gdP [aldj_ VlcY]gacd_g, _ci lcdg^PeUi —
ZgZ [ag_l daiSl_gdP Kdl- dl ld VlcY]gacd_g.
: cl_ai\ieel\ ]i\lZagdjKicZl\ VlcY]gacd_i ]i\lZagdjKicZjQ
[laW]lZ Cla\jal_gejW _gNeiQDjM VlcY]gacd_ieeUM laVgel_ lSic-
169
[iKj_gid VagN]gecZli lSGicd_l, cdj\Y^jaYid agT_jdji VlcY]gacd_g
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Zledal^W _ cCiai \jVagJjj c^i]Yid cKjdgdP c_lSl]eUi j eiTg_jcj\Ui
ld _^gcdj jecdjdYdU VagN]gecZlVl lSGicd_g, [l] ZldlaU\j [lej\gidcW cl_lZY[elcdP Cla\g^PeUM j eiCla\g^PeUM lSagTl_gejQ VagN]ge, lS0i]jeieeUM c[iJjCjKicZj\j jediaicg\j,
aig^jTYi\U\j j\j
cg\lcdlWdi^Pel _ei cCiaU ]iWdi^Pelcdj _^gcdel-VlcY]gacd_ieeUM
cdaYZdYa j [lT_l^WHGj\j Zledal^jal_gdP ]iQcd_jW B<A Flccjj.
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eg^jKji \iMgejT\l_ Zlla]jegJjj ]iWdi^Pelcdj agT^jKeUM Zledal^jaYHGjM laVgel_; agTagSldZg cl_ai\ieeUM \idl]l_ jc[l^PTl_gejW
_ agcc\gdaj_gi\UM Ji^WM A<$, lclSieel ?^iZdaleeUM.
:_i]ieji \jVagJjleelVl YKidg [lT_l^Wid c]i^gdP _U_l] l ^jSiag^jTgJjj [ag_l_lVl aiNj\g [aiSU_gejW ([alNj_gejW) jelcdageeUM
VagN]ge j ^jJ SiT VagN]gecd_g _ egDiQ cdagei, ceWdjj jT^jDejM g]\jejcdagdj_eUM SgaPial_ ]^W diM c[iJjg^jcdl_, _ [ajdlZi ZldlaUM
cdageg egjSl^ii lcdal eYN]gidcW. *gaW]Y c ?dj\, laVgeU VlcY-
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: cCiai \jVagJjj egci^iejW lclSl c^i]Yid _U]i^jdP daY]l_YH
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l[ai]i^jdP _lT\lNeUi [lc^i]cd_jW ]geelVl [alJiccg ]^W ^HSlVl ]i\lZagdjKicZlVl VlcY]gacd_g. !eg^jT daY]l_lQ \jVagJjj eilSMl]j\
]^W l[ai]i^iejW ii clcdg_^WHGjM j
VagejJ \jVagJjleelVl [alJiccg.
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170
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