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Файл:Организационно-правовые основы регулирования миграционных процессов. Административно-правовой аспект. Монография
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[l^eldg, ]lcdY[elcdP, lS0iZdj_elcdP, ]lZgTgdi^PelcdP, ldZaUdlcdP,
[YS^jKelcdP, ]jeg\jKelcdP, _Tgj\eli Y_gNieji j [gadeiacZji ldelDiejW c Zledal^jaYi\U\j laVgeg\j, cjcdi\elcdP, ei[aiaU_elcdP,
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daiSl_gejQ TgZleg.
ilaidjKicZYH ZlecdaYZJjH \iMgejT\g lSGicd_ieelVl Zledal^W
_ cCiai \jVagJjj \lNel [ai]cdg_jdP dai\W clcdg_^WHGj\j: cYS0-
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iZdegW; jecdaY\iedg^PegW; [ag_l_gW
.
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W_^iejW, [aj [l\lGj ZldlaUM lSic[iKj_gidcW ]lcdjNieji l[ai]i^ieelQ Ji^j j eilSMl]j\UQ aiTY^Pdgd.
$ecdaY\iedg\j c^YNgd Cla\U, \idl]U (c[lclSU), _j]U Zledal^W,
g dgZNi clld_idcd_YHGji aiV^g\iedjal_geeUi [alJi]YaU. . ?^i\iedg\ jecdaY\iedg^PelQ
cdlaleU Zledal^W \lNel ldeicdj ii lS0iZdU,
cYS0iZdl_ (YKgcdejZl_), [ai]Yc\ldaieeUi Haj]jKicZji ]iQcd_jW j
l[iagJjj, cai]cd_g j c[lclSU jM lcYGicd_^iejW, [ajeWdUi TgZleeUi
2
aiDiejW j aiTY^PdgdU _ciM ]iQcd_jQ
.
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Cla\U, c[lclSU j [alJi]YaU iVl aig^jTgJjj.
=l] Cla\lQ Zledal^W [ai]^gVgidcW [lej\gdP, _ cg\l\ lSGi\ _j]i,
_eiDeii _UagNieji ZleZaideUM ]iQcd_jQ, cl_iaDgi\UM cYS0iZdg\j
Zledal^W.
7SGicd_ieeUQ Zledal^P _ cCiai \jVagJjj \lNid lcYGicd_^WdPcW
_ c^i]YHGjM
Cla\gM: [l cdi[iej YKgcdjW — ei[lcai]cd_ieeUQ lSGicd_ieeUQ Zledal^P (aig^jTYidcW ei[lcai]cd_ieel VagN]geg\j j jM eiCla\g^PeU\j lS0i]jeiejW\j) j l[lcai]l_geeUQ lSGicd_ieeUQ
Zledal^P (aig^jTYidcW KiaiT agSldY c[iJjg^jTjal_geeUM laVgejTgJjQ
(lSGicd_ieeUi [g^gdU, lSGicd_ieeUi cl_idU, A<$, [l^jdjKicZji
[gadjj j ]a.); [l c[lclSY _lT]iQcd_jW — cjcdi\gdjKicZjQ j jTSjagdi^PeUQ \lejdlajeV ]iWdi^Pelcdj laVgel_ _^gcdj, [aj]geji DjalZlQ
V^gcelcdj jeCla\gJjj l ]iWdi^Pelcdj laVgel_
_^gcdj, lSGicd_ieeli
YKgcdji _ [ajeWdjj clJjg^Pel-TegKj\UM aiDiejQ.
1
.l^l\UdJi_g 7.*.
*. *l_Vlal], 2007.
2
=l^iGYZ !.A.
cZlQ Bi]iagJjj: "jc. … Zge]. Haj]. egYZ. <., 2012. A. 62.
.ledal^P lSGicd_g eg] VlcY]gacd_l\: "jc. ... Zge]. Haj]. egYZ.
.lecdjdYJjleel-[ag_l_Ui lcel_U lSGicd_ieelVl Zledal^W _ FlccjQ-
41
=l] \idl]g\j lSGicd_ieelVl Zledal^W _ cCiai \jVagJjj c^i]Yid
[lej\gdP cl_lZY[elcdP [aji\l_, c[lclSl_ j cai]cd_, c [l\lGPH ZldlaUM cYS0iZdU lSGicd_ieelVl Zledal^W ]lcdjVgHd eg\iKieeUM Ji^iQ.
.^gccjCjZgJjH \idl]l_ lSGicd_ieelVl Zledal^W _ cCiai \jVagJjj \lNel [ai]cdg_jdP c^i]YHGj\ lSagTl\:
6 [ia_legKg^PeUi (egS^H]ieji; geg^jT ]lZY\iedl_, lCjJjg^PelQ
cdgdjcdjZj; egdYaeUi jcc^i]l_gejW; [lciGieji YKaiN]iejQ, lS-
c^i]l_geji Yc^l_jQ; [l]gKg (cSla
) TgW_^iejQ j Ng^lS; Sici]U, jedia_PH, ClZYc-VaY[[U; lSGicd_ieeUi ?Zc[iadjTU; ?Zc[iaj\ied;
VagN]gecZli ([YS^jKeli) agcc^i]l_geji; \lejdlajeV; [YS^jKeUi
lScYN]iejW j ]a.);
6 [lc^i]YHGji \ial[ajWdjW [l aiTY^Pdgdg\ lSGicd_ieelVl Zled-
al^W ([al_i]ieji lSGicd_ieeUM gZJjQ j Zl\[gejQ; DjalZli lc_iGieji [l^YKieelQ jeCla\gJjj _ A<$; lSagGieji _ [ag_llMagejdi^PeUi laVgeU; clT]geji cl_\icdeUM lSGicd_ieel-VlcY]gacd_ieeUM Zl\jccjQ; [al_i]ieji
[iaiVl_lal_ j jeUM clV^gcjdi^PeUM
[alJi]Ya ]^W agTaiDiejW c[laeUM cjdYgJjQ; [ai]cdg_^ieji [ai]^lNiejQ laVgeg\ _^gcdj j Y[ag_^iejW);
6 [YS^jKeUi (lSGicd_ieeUi c^YDgejW; [jZidU, \jdjeVj, ]i\lecd-
agJjj; agc[alcdageieji VgTid, ^jcdl_lZ, [^gZgdl_; _l_^iKieji
[ai]cdg_jdi^iQ _^gcdiQ _ [YS^jKeUi ]iQcd_jW *.7, _ dl\ Kjc^i
clSagejW, ZleCiaieJjj, ci\jegaU; [YS^jZgJjj _ A<$);
6 ei[YS^jKeUi (eg[ag_^ieji [jci\ [ai]cdg_jdi^W\ _^gcdj; cSla
[l][jciQ;
agSldg lSGicd_ieeUM [aji\eUM, VlaWKjM ^jejQ j d.[.;
_cdaiKj c [ai]cdg_jdi^W\j laVgel_ _^gcdj; lSagGiejW Z [ai]cdg_jdi^W\ _UDicdlWGjM laVgel_, _ Zledal^PeUi j [ag_llMagejdi^PeUi laVgeU, cY]iSegW TgGjdg lSGicd_ieeUM j KgcdeUM jediaicl_);
6 [aW\li YKgcdji _ aig^jTgJjj lSGicd_ieelVl Zledal^W (clJjg^P-
eUQ TgZgT; cl_\icdeUi [alVag\\U; Cle]U \icdelVl cllSGicd_g);
6 Zlc_ieeUi \idl]U (clT]geji Zlg^jJjj
]^W _lT]iQcd_jW eg _^gcdP;
Cla\jal_geji \icdeUM Jiedal_ [YS^jKelQ [l^jdjZj; jc[l^PTl_geji _USlal_ ]^W _^jWejW eg aiDieji [alS^i\ j MgagZdia ldelDiejQ c _^gcdPH j ]a.);
6 ?Zc[iadeUi \idl]U (geg^jT [alS^i\ j [alJiccl_, _ dl\ Kjc^i
[Ydi\ [al_i]iejW lSGicd_ieelQ ?Zc[iadjTU; agTagSldZg j [ai]^lNieji [aliZdl_ [ag_l_UM gZdl_, [alVag\\ j d.[.; lSGi]lcdY[
eli jT^lNieji [alS^i\ j [YdiQ jM agTaiDiejW; \lejdlajeV aig^jTgJjj [ajeWdUM _^gcdPH aiDiejQ; jc[l^PTl_geji clJjl^lVjKicZjM jcc^i]l_gejQ);
6 \iN]Yegal]eUi \idl]U aig^jTgJjj lSGicd_ieelVl Zledal^W
(g^Pdiaegdj_eUi ]lZ^g]U; lSagGiejW Z \iN]Yegal]eU\ [ag_j-
di^Pcd_ieeU\ laVgejTgJjW\, _ [ag_jdi^Pcd_g, Z lSGicd_ieelcdj
j A<$ TgaYSiNeUM cdage j d.].).
-
42
: Flccjj lSGicd_ieeUQ Zledal^P eg] ]iWdi^PelcdPH laVgel_ Vl-
cY]gacd_ieelQ _^gcdj j Y[ag_^iejW lSic[iKj_gidcW, _ [ia_YH lKiai]P,
[lcai]cd_l\ agc[alcdageiejW clld_idcd_YHGiQ jeCla\gJjj. : Kgcdelcdj A<$ YKgcd_YHd _ Zledal^i eg] ]iWdi^PelcdPH B<A Flccjj
[Ydi\ _UW_^iejW, cSlag, lSagSldZj j agc[alcdageiejW c_i]iejQ l ii
ei]lcdgdZgM: CgZdgM ZlaaY[Jjj, ei?CCiZdj_elcdj, [alW_^iejWM SHalZagdjT\g, g]\jejcdagdj_elVl [aljT_l^g j d.[
. B<A Flccjj _Tgj\l]iQcd_Yid cl cai]cd_g\j \gccl_lQ jeCla\gJjj _ Ji^WM jeCla\jal_gejW egci^iejW l c_liQ ]iWdi^Pelcdj, g dgZNi l \iagM aigVjal_gejW
eg \gdiajg^U, cl]iaNgGji jeCla\gJjH ZajdjKicZlVl j [alS^i\elVl
MgagZdiag. :Tgj\l]iQcd_ji B<A Flccjj cl A<$ aig^jTYidcW _ Cla\i
YKgcdjW _ \ial[ajWdjWM, [al_l]j\UM _ ag\ZgM jeCla\gJjleelVl cl[al_lN]iejW ]iWdi^Pelcdj B<A Flccjj; [l]Vldl_Zj j [ai]lcdg_^i
ejW [aicc-ai^jTl_, c[ag_lKelQ jeCla\gJjj ]^W [aiccU, g dgZNi lCjJjg^PeUM TgW_^iejQ ]^W A<$; laVgejTgJjj _UcdY[^iejQ cldaY]ejZl_ B<A Flccjj, lcYGicd_^Wi\UM _ ZgKicd_i c^YNiSelVl [laYKiejW.
[l^el\lKieeUi cldaY]ejZj _[ag_i jc[l^PTl_gdP _ c_ljM _UcdY[^iejWM _ A<$, g dgZNi [ai]cdg_^WdP jeCla\gJjH, cdg_DYH jT_icdelQ
j\ _ c_WTj cl c^YNiSelQ ]iWdi^PelcdPH. . dgZlQ jeCla\gJjj ldeici
eg jeCla\gJjW, cl]iaNgGgWcW _ lCjJjg^Pel l[YS^jZl_geeUM j _cdY[j_DjM _ cj^Y Ci]iag^PeUM TgZlegM j jeUM ela\gdj_eUM [ag_l_UM
gZdgM FlccjQcZlQ Bi]iagJjj, ela\gdj_eUM [ag_l_UM gZdgM B<A Flccjj j ]aYVjM lCjJjg^Pel l[YS^jZl_geeUM ]lZY\iedgM, _ dl\ Kjc^i _UcdY[^iejWM aYZl_l]jdi^iQ B<A Flccjj j ii ]l^NelcdeUM ^jJ, Y[l^el\lKieeUM ]l_l]jdP ]l A<$ lCjJjg^PeYH jeCla\gJjH l
]iWdi^Pelcdj B<A Flccjj. : [alJicci [l]Vldl_Zj \ial[ajWdjQ, [al_l]j\UM _
ag\ZgM jeCla\gJjleelVl cl[al_lN]iejW ]iWdi^Pelcdj c^YNS j [l]agT]i^iejQ B<A Flccjj, Vldl_WdcW [aicc-ai^jTU, ZldlaUi _ ]g^PeiQDi\ eg[ag_^WHdcW _ [aicc-c^YNSY ]^W clV^gcl_gejW. $dlVl_UQ [aiccai^jT agc[alcdageWidcW cldaY]ejZg\j [aicc-c^YNSU B<A Flccjj.
AldaY]ejZj, [^gejaYHGji cg\lcdlWdi^Pel _UcdY[jdP _ A<$ [l
_l[alcg\ ]iWdi^Pelcdj
B<A Flccjj j ii cdaYZdYaeUM [l]agT]i^iejQ,
clV^gcYHd ?dld _l[alc cl c_lj\j ei[lcai]cd_ieeU\j aYZl_l]jdi^W\j. %g egaYDieji [laW]Zg _UcdY[^iejQ cldaY]ejZl_ B<A Flccjj
_ cai]cd_gM \gccl_lQ jeCla\gJjj [l _l[alcg\, ldelcWGj\cW ]iWdi^Pelcdj B<A Flccjj _jel_eUi ^jJg eicYd ld_idcd_ieelcdP _ [laW]Zi,
[ai]Yc\ldaieel\ ]iQcd_YHGj\ TgZlel]gdi^Pcd_l\ FlccjQcZlQ Bi]iagJjj j ela\gdj_eU\j [ag_l_U\j gZdg\j B<A Flccjj.
%egKjdi^Peli
\icdl ld_l]jdcW dgZl\Y \idl]Y Zledal^W, ZgZ lSGicd_ieegW ?Zc[iadjTg, W_^WHGgWcW _gNelQ clcdg_^WHGiQ ldZaUdlcdj
j ZgKicd_ieelcdj [ajej\gi\UM VlcY]gacd_ieeUM aiDiejQ. : Sl^P-
-
-
43
Djecd_i c^YKgi_ [l] eiQ [lej\gHd jcc^i]l_geji, lcYGicd_^Wi\li
c[iJjg^jcdg\j j cl]iaNgGii lSlcel_geeUi _U_l]U l _lT\lNeUM [lc^i]cd_jWM [ajeWdjW (j^j ei[ajeWdjW) dlVl j^j jelVl aiDiejW. gZj\
lSagTl\, lSGicd_ieegW ?Zc[iadjTg [ai]cdg_^Wid clSlQ geg^jT agTeUM
_gajgedl_ aiDiejW _l[alcg, [lc^i]cd_jQ iVl aiDiejW j^j ldcYdcd_jW
dlVl j^j jelVl aiDiejW j d.[., [al_l]j\UQ K^ieg\j lSGicd_ieelVl
cl_idg j^j [aj_^iKieeU\j c[iJjg^jcdg\j.
7S0iZdg\j lSGicd_ieelQ
?Zc[iadjTU \lVYd SUdP ZgZ [aliZdU agTagSgdU_gi\UM ela\gdj_eUM
[ag_l_UM gZdl_, dgZ j ]iQcd_YHGii TgZlel]gdi^Pcd_l. .al\i dlVl,
[l] lSGicd_ieeYH ?Zc[iadjTY \lVYd [l][g]gdP agT^jKeUi agTagSgdU_gi\Ui j ]iQcd_YHGji [alVag\\U j d.[.
: Tg_jcj\lcdj ld lS0iZdg lSGicd_ieeYH ?Zc[iadjTY \lNel Yc^l_el agT]i^jdP eg lSGicd_ieeYH ?Zc[iadjTY ela\gdj_el-[ag_l_lQ SgTU
j [aliZdl_ ela\gdj_eUM [ag_l_UM gZdl_;
lSGicd_ieeYH ?Zc[iadjTY
c^lNeUM, \elVl_gajgedeUM Y[ag_^ieKicZjM aiDiejQ, ZldlaUi eilSMl]j\l [ajeWdP, _ dl\ Kjc^i B<A Flccjj.
i^j [al_i]iejW lSGicd_ieelQ ?Zc[iadjTU agTellSagTeU: geg^jT
_lT\lNeUM [l^lNjdi^PeUM j ldajJgdi^PeUM [lc^i]cd_jQ [ajeWdjW
(ei[ajeWdjW) dlVl j^j jelVl Y[ag_^ieKicZlVl aiDiejW (ela\gdj_elVl
[ag_l_lVl gZdg); _l_^iKieji [ai]cdg_jdi^iQ lSGicd_ieelcdj _ aiDieji
clJjg^Pel TegKj\UM _l[alcl_ KiaiT [ai]lcdg_^ieji j\ _lT\lNelcdj
YKgcdjW _ agTagSldZi ([aj eilSMl]j\lcdj
j _ Zledal^i Tg aig^jTgJjiQ)
ela\gdj_eUM [ag_l_UM gZdl_, _ [ajeWdjj _gNeiQDjM Y[ag_^ieKicZjM
aiDiejQ, _ [ia_YH lKiai]P, eg[ag_^ieeUM eg clJjg^PeYH cCiaY; agT_jdji _Tgj\l]iQcd_jW \iN]Y laVgeg\j VlcY]gacd_ieelQ/\YejJj[g^P-
1
elQ _^gcdj j [ai]cdg_jdi^W\j VagN]gecZlVl lSGicd_g
.
: [al_i]iejj lSGicd_ieelQ ?Zc[iadjTU \lVYd [ajej\gdP YKgcdji
K^ieU lSGicd_ieeUM cl_idl_, c[iJjg^jcdU [l di\ j^j jeU\ _l[alcg\,
j\iHGj\ ldelDieji Z [ai]\idY lSGicd_ieelQ ?Zc[iadjTU, cldaY]ejZj [alCj^PeUM [l]agT]i^iejQ VlcY]gacd_ieeUM laVgel_, ]i[YdgdU
agTeUM Yal_eiQ j jeUi Tgjediaicl_geeUi ^jJg.
"^W [l^YKiejW egjSl^PDiVl ?CCiZdg Ji^icllSagTel agcc\gdaj_gdP di _l[alcU, ZldlaUi TgdagVj_gHd j^j \lVYd TgdaleYdP _ SY]YGi\
jediaicU
dlQ j^j jelQ clJjg^PelQ VaY[[U. .al\i dlVl, Ji^icllSagTel [al_l]jdP ?Zc[iadjTY _l[alcl_, aiDieji ZldlaUM egMl]jdcW _
Zl\[idieJjj ZleZaideUM diaajdlajg^PeUM laVgel_ B<A Flccjj.
%egKjdi^Peli \icdl _ [lc^i]eii _ai\W ld_l]jdcW ]iWdi^Pelcdj lS-
Gicd_ieeUM cl_idl_ [aj B<A Flccjj. #^g_egW Tg]gKg dgZlVl cl_idg —
1
=l^iGYZ !.A.
cZlQ Bi]iagJjj: "jc. … Zge]. Haj]. egYZ. <., 2012. A. 71.
.lecdjdYJjleel-[ag_l_Ui lcel_U lSGicd_ieelVl Zledal^W _ FlccjQ-
44
_Tgj\l]iQcd_ji VagN]gecZlVl lSGicd_g c [ag_llMagejdi^PeU\ laVgel\. : ?dlQ c_WTj _gNel _ =l^lNiejj lS lSGicd_ieel\ cl_idi TgZai[jdP l[dj\g^PeYH cdaYZdYaY Cla\ j \idl]l_, ZldlaUi _ cl_lZY[elcdj
lSic[iKj_g^j SU ?CCiZdj_elcdP dgZlVl _Tgj\l]iQcd_jW.
=l egDi\Y \eiejH, lSGicd_ieeUQ cl_id [aj B<A Flccjj _ lSWTgdi^Pel\ [laW]Zi ]l^Nie _lTV^g_^WdPcW jecdjdYdl\ cl[ai]ci]gdi^W:
ld B<A Flccjj — ?dl
]jaiZdla, ld VagN]gecZlVl lSGicd_g — clJj-
g^Pel TegKj\li ^jJl, [lTjdj_el _lc[ajej\gHGiicW lSGicd_ieelcdPH.
7SGicd_ieeUQ cl_id [aj B<A Flccjj W_^WidcW [lcdlWeel ]iQcd_YHGj\ cl_iGgdi^PeU\ laVgel\ [aj Bi]iag^PelQ \jVagJjleelQ
c^YNSi; iVl aiDiejW elcWd aiZl\ie]gdi^PeUQ MgagZdia. 7SGicd_ieeUQ cl_id lSic[iKj_gid _Tgj\l]iQcd_ji VagN]ge FlccjQcZlQ Bi]iagJjj c B<A Flccjj _ Ji^WM [aj_^iKiejW [ai]cdg_jdi^iQ lSGicd_ieeUM, [alCiccjleg^PeUM j
d_laKicZjM lS0i]jeiejQ Z _UagSldZi lcel_eUM eg[ag_^iejQ VlcY]gacd_ieelQ [l^jdjZj _ cCiai \jVagJjj,
[aid_laiejH _ NjTeP [ajeJj[g V^gcelcdj j ldZaUdlcdj ]iWdi^Pelcdj
B<A Flccjj. Al_id clT]gidcW (^jZ_j]jaYidcW) [l [ai]^lNiejH (clV^gcl_gejH) 7SGicd_ieelQ [g^gdU FlccjQcZlQ Bi]iagJjj [ajZgTg\j B<A Flccjj. Kgcdji _ Al_idi lcYGicd_^WidcW eg [ajeJj[gM
]lSal_l^Pelcdj, cg\lY[ag_^iejW, V^gcelcdj, cg\lcdlWdi^Pelcdj _
[ajeWdjj aiDiejQ _ ag\ZgM
Zl\[idieJjj.
7SGicd_ieeUQ cl_id _ c_lQ ]iWdi^Pelcdj aYZl_l]cd_YidcW .lecdjdYJjiQ FlccjQcZlQ Bi]iagJjj, lSGi[ajTegeeU\j [ajeJj[g\j j
ela\g\j \iN]Yegal]elVl [ag_g, \iN]Yegal]eU\j ]lVl_lag\j FlccjQcZlQ Bi]iagJjj, Ci]iag^PeU\j ZlecdjdYJjleeU\j TgZleg\j,
Ci]iag^PeU\j TgZleg\j, gZdg\j =aiTj]iedg FlccjQcZlQ Bi]iagJjj
j =ag_jdi^Pcd_g FlccjQcZlQ Bi]iagJjj, ela\gdj_eU\j [ag_l_U\j
gZdg\j B<A Flccjj, g dgZNi =l^lNieji\ lS lSGicd_ieel\ cl_idi
1
B<A Flccjj
.
7cel_eUi Tg]gKj 7SGicd_ieelVl cl_idg:
6 _U]_jNieji j [l]]iaNZg VagN]gecZjM jejJjgdj_, j\iHGjM lS-
GialccjQcZli TegKieji j eg[ag_^ieeUM eg cl_iaDiecd_l_geji Vl-
cY]gacd_ieelQ [l^jdjZj _ cCiai \jVagJjj, g dgZNi egYKeUM j
Y[ag_^ieKicZjM jejJjgdj_, c_WTgeeUM c aiDieji\ egjSl^ii c^lN-
eUM [alS^i\ _ cCiai \jVagJjj;
6 agT_jdji _Tgj\l]iQcd_jW B<A Flccjj c lSGicd_ieeU\j lS0-
i]jeiejW\j, ]jgc[lag\j, ai^jVjlTeU\j
j jeU\j laVgejTgJjW\j,
egYKeU\j YKaiN]iejW\j j jc[l^PTl_geji jM [ldieJjg^g ]^W [l-
1
=l^lNieji lS lSGicd_ieel\ cl_idi [aj B<A, Yd_iaN]ieeli =ajZgTl\ B<A Flccjj
ld 2 ]iZgSaW 2010 V. & 439.
45
_UDiejW ?CCiZdj_elcdj aig^jTgJjj B<A Flccjj TgZlel]gdi^P-
cd_g FB _ cCiai \jVagJjj egci^iejW j iVl cl_iaDiecd_l_gejW, Cla-
\jal_gejW lSlcel_geeUM j _T_iDieeUM [ai]^lNiejQ [l lcel_eU\
eg[ag_^iejW\ VlcY]gacd_ieelQ \jVagJjleelQ [l^jdjZj;
6 [aj_^iKieji VagN]ge FB j laVgejTgJjQ Z lScYN]iejH egjSl^ii
_gNeUM _l[alcl_ j [iac[iZdj_ _ cCiai ]iWdi^Pelcdj B<A Flccjj,
_ dl\ Kjc^i j\iHGjM [l_UDieeUQ lSGicd_ieeUQ aiTlegec
.
7cel_eUi CYeZJjj 7SGicd_ieelVl cl_idg:
6 [l]Vldl_Zg aiZl\ie]gJjQ [l cl_iaDiecd_l_gejH j Sl^ii ?CCiZ-
dj_el\Y [aj\ieiejH Ci]iag^PelVl j aiVjleg^PelVl TgZlel]g-
di^Pcd_g, \ia [l aiVY^jal_gejH \jVagJjleeUM [alJiccl_ _ Flc-
cjQcZlQ Bi]iagJjj c YKidl\ clJjg^Pel-?Zlel\jKicZjM j ]i\lVag-
CjKicZjM lclSieelcdiQ cYS0iZdl_ FB;
6 YKgcdji _ [l]Vldl_Zi [ai]^lNiejQ [l agTagSgdU_gi\U\ Ji^i_U\
[alVag\\g\, [^geg\, egJjleg^PeU\ j aiVjleg^PeU\
[aliZdg\;
6 lScYN]ieji [aliZdl_ Ci]iag^PeUM TgZlel_ j jeUM ela\gdj_eUM
[ag_l_UM gZdl_ FB j cYS0iZdl_ FB, ZleJi[JjQ, Ci]iag^PeUM Ji-
^i_UM j jeUM [alVag\\ [l lcel_eU\ eg[ag_^iejW\ VlcY]gacd_ie-
elQ \jVagJjleelQ [l^jdjZj _ [ai]i^gM Zl\[idieJjj B<A Flccjj;
6 YKgcdji _ agcc\ldaiejj [alS^i\eUM _l[alcl_ _ cCiai \jVag-
Jjj egci^iejW, _UT_g_DjM [l_UDieeUQ lSGicd_ieeUQ aiTlegec,
j _UagSldZg
[ai]^lNiejQ [l jM YaiVY^jal_gejH;
6 _UagSldZg [ai]^lNiejQ [l cl_\icdeU\ ]iQcd_jW\ lSGicd_ie-
eUM lS0i]jeiejQ, egYKeUM YKaiN]iejQ j A<$ [l _l[alcg\, c_W-
TgeeU\ c \jVagJjiQ egci^iejW;
6 YKgcdji _ _UagSldZi aiZl\ie]gJjQ [l cl_iaDiecd_l_gejH ]iW-
di^Pelcdj B<A Flccjj [l lZgTgejH VY\gejdgaelQ j clJjg^P-
elQ [l\lGj;
6 ZlecY^Pdgdj_egW [l\lGP B<A Flccjj [l _l[alcg\ [ag_l_lVl
cdgdYcg
agT^jKeUM ZgdiVlajQ \jVagedl_, jM clJjg^PelQ [l]]iaNZj, aigSj^jdgJjj j g]g[dgJjj, YKgcdji _ [l]Vldl_Zi jeCla\gJjleel-geg^jdjKicZjM \gdiajg^l_ [l [alS^i\eU\ _l[alcg\
_ cCiai \jVagJjj;
6 YKgcdji _ [l]Vldl_Zi aiZl\ie]gJjQ [l cl_iaDiecd_l_gejH
B<A Flccjj _ cl]iQcd_jj jediVagJjj j\\jVagedl_ _ alccjQcZli
lSGicd_l.
7SGicd_ieeUQ cl_id lSagTYidcW _ clcdg_i [ai]ci]gdi^W j K^iel_
7SGicd_ieelVl cl_idg. =iacleg^PeUQ clcdg_ 7SGicd_ieelVl
cl_idg
Cla\jaYidcW eg lcel_i [ai]cdg_jdi^Pcd_g ld lSGicd_ieeUM lS0i]jeiejQ, ]jgc[la, ai^jVjlTeUM j jeUM laVgejTgJjQ, g dgZNi jT Kjc^g
YKieUM j c[iJjg^jcdl_ _ lS^gcdj \jVagJjj, ?Zlel\jZj j ]i\lVagCjj.
46
Alcdg_ 7SGicd_ieelVl cl_idg Yd_iaN]gidcW ]jaiZdlal\ B<A Flccjj.
: c^YKgi eilSMl]j\lcdj [ai]ci]gdi^P 7SGicd_ieelVl cl_idg [ai]cdg_^Wid [ai]^lNiejW ]jaiZdlaY B<A Flccjj l _eiciejj jT\ieiejQ j ]l[l^eiejQ _ [iacleg^PeUQ clcdg_ 7SGicd_ieelVl cl_idg. ^ieU 7SGicd_ieelVl cl_idg lcYGicd_^WHd c_lH ]iWdi^PelcdP eg lSGicd_ieeUM egKg^gM j eg SiT_lT\iT]elQ lcel_i. =ai]ci]gdi^P 7SGicd_ieelVl cl_idg:
6 l[ai]i^Wid [ajlajdideUi
eg[ag_^iejW ]iWdi^Pelcdj 7SGi-
cd_ieelVl cl_idg;
6 aYZl_l]jd agSldlQ 7SGicd_ieelVl cl_idg;
6 Zlla]jejaYid ]iWdi^PelcdP K^iel_ 7SGicd_ieelVl cl_idg;
6 Yd_iaN]gid [^geU agSldU 7SGicd_ieelVl cl_idg;
6 [al_l]jd Tgci]gejW 7SGicd_ieelVl cl_idg [l clV^gcl_gejH
c aYZl_l]cd_l\ B<A Flccjj.
: c^YKgi ldcYdcd_jW [ai]ci]gdi^W 7SGicd_ieelVl cl_idg, iVl lSWTgeelcdj [aj [al_i]iejj Tgci]gejQ 7SGicd_ieelVl cl_idg _U[l^eWid
l]je jT iVl
K^iel_, Zge]j]gdYag ZldlalVl SY]id [l]]iaNgeg Sl^PDjecd_l\ Vl^lcl_ K^iel_ 7SGicd_ieelVl cl_idg. ^ieU 7SGicd_ieelVl cl_idg [ajej\gHd YKgcdji _ [l]Vldl_Zi \gdiajg^l_ eg lcel_i
[^gel_ agSldU 7SGicd_ieelVl cl_idg, agc[laWNiejQ, [laYKiejQ
[ai]ci]gdi^W 7SGicd_ieelVl cl_idg. ^ieU 7SGicd_ieelVl cl_idg
j\iHd [ag_l:
6 YKgcd_l_gdP _ agSldi 7SGicd_ieelVl cl_idg;
6 _elcjdP [ai]^lNiejW [l lScYN]gi\U\ [alS^i\g\;
6 _elcjdP [ai]^lNiejW ldelcjdi^Pel
Cla\jal_gejW [^gel_ agSldU 7SGicd_ieelVl cl_idg j [l_icdZj ]eW Tgci]gejW. =ai]^lNiejW [l]gHdcW _ [jcP\ieel\ _j]i eg j\W [ai]ci]gdi^W 7SGicd_ieelVl cl_idg;
6 _ clld_idcd_jj c [^gel\ agSldU 7SGicd_ieelVl cl_idg TegZl-
\jdPcW _ Ycdgel_^ieel\ [laW]Zi c ]lZY\iedg\j j \gdiajg^g\j
[l [alS^i\g\, _UeicieeU\ eg lScYN]ieji 7SGicd_ieelVl cl_idg
eg cdg]jj jM [l]Vldl_Zj, _elcjdP c_lj
[ai]^lNiejW;
6 _ c^YKgi eiclV^gcjW c [ajeWdU\ aiDieji\ _UcZgTgdP \eieji [l
ZleZaidel\Y agcc\gdaj_gi\l\Y _l[alcY, Zldlali [ajlSGgidcW
Z [aldlZl^Y Tgci]gejW 7SGicd_ieelVl cl_idg.
%gci]gejW 7SGicd_ieelVl cl_idg [al_l]WdcW, ZgZ [ag_j^l, l]je
agT _ daj \icWJg j cKjdgHdcW [ag_l\lKeU\j, ic^j eg ejM [ajcYdcd_Yid
Sl^ii [l^l_jeU iVl K^iel_. FiDiejW 7SGicd_ieelVl cl_idg [l _l[alcg\, _Ml]WGj\ _ iVl
Zl\[idieJjH, [ajej\gHdcW Sl^PDjecd_l\ Vl^lcl_ [ajcYdcd_YHGjM eg Tgci]gejj K^iel_ 7SGicd_ieelVl cl_idg ([aj
ag_iecd_i Vl^lcl_ aiDgHGj\ W_^WidcW Vl^lc [ai]ci]gdi^W). : dl\ c^YKgi, ic^j K^ie 7SGicd_ieelVl cl_idg ei \lNid [ajcYdcd_l_gdP eg Tg-
47
ci]gejj, le _[ag_i [ai]cdg_jdP c_li \eieji [l agcc\gdaj_gi\U\ _l[alcg\ _ [jcP\ieel\ _j]i. FiDiejW 7SGicd_ieelVl cl_idg lCla\^WHdcW [aldlZl^g\j, ZldlaUi [l][jcU_gid [ai]ci]gdi^P 7SGicd_ieelVl cl_idg j^j ^jJl, iVl Tg\iGgHGii, g dgZNi K^ieU 7SGicd_ieelVl cl_idg.
7SGicd_ieeUQ cl_id lcYGicd_^Wid c_lH agSldY eg lcel_i [l^YVl-
]l_UM [^gel_, g dgZNi agc[laWNiejQ j [laYKiejQ aYZl_l]cd_g
B<A
Flccjj. =^ge agSldU 7SGicd_ieelVl cl_idg agcc\gdaj_gidcW eg Tgci]gejj 7SGicd_ieelVl cl_idg j Yd_iaN]gidcW iVl [ai]ci]gdi^i\. :i]ieji [iai[jcZj K^ieg\j 7SGicd_ieelVl cl_idg ld j\iej 7SGicd_ieelVl cl_idg c laVgeg\j VlcY]gacd_ieelQ _^gcdj FlccjQcZlQ Bi]iagJjj, c lSGicd_ieeU\j lS0i]jeiejW\j, egYKeU\j YKaiN]iejW\j, ai^jVjlTeU\j j jeU\j laVgejTgJjW\j, lcYGicd_^WidcW dl^PZl [l [jcP\ieel\Y clV^gcl_gejH c
aYZl_l]cd_l\ B<A Flccjj.
=lcai]cd_l\ lSGicd_ieeUM cl_idl_ \lNel ?CCiZdj_el aiDgdP _l[alcU clJjg^Pel-?Zlel\jKicZlVl agT_jdjW ei dl^PZl cg\jM [l]agT]i^iejQ B<A Flccjj, el j ld]i^PeUM cldaY]ejZl_ j K^iel_ jM ci\iQ.
7SGicd_ieeUQ Zledal^P ZgZ lSlclS^ieeUQ [ag_l_lQ jecdjdYd
_lcdaiSl_ge j [ajTege _l _ci\ \jai. Fl^P Zledal^PeUM laVgel_ _
egcdlWGii _ai\W [lcdlWeel agcdid j gZdYg^jTjaYidcW.
: c_WTj c jediVagJjiQ Flccjj _ \jal_li cllSGicd_l eilSMl]j\lcdP jc[l^PTl_gejW l[Udg TgaYSiNeUM cdage _ ]geelQ cCiai _icP\g Ji^icllSagTeg,
el dgZji Tgj\cd_l_gejW ]l^NeU lcYGicd_^WdPcW c YKidl\ alccjQcZlQ
1
c[iJjCjZj
.
=l^egW [alTagKelcdP ]iWdi^Pelcdj B<A Flccjj — _gNeiQDii
Yc^l_ji ?CCiZdj_elcdj lSGicd_ieelVl Zledal^W eg] eiQ. .gZ c_j]idi^Pcd_Yid \jal_lQ l[Ud agT_jdjW lSGicd_ieelVl Zledal^W, _ cl_ai\ieeUM Yc^l_jWM SiT [alTagKelcdj ([l^elQ, ]lcdl_iaelQ, c_li_ai\ieelQ j aiVY^WaelQ jeCla\gJjj l ]iWdi^Pelcdj laVgel_ _^gcdj) Zledal^P lSGicd_g ei c[lclSie Tgcdg_jdP Kjel_ejZl_ SUdP ld_idcd_ieeU\j j, ZgZ c^i]cd_ji, Zl\[idiedeU\j
. CCiZdj_elcdP lSGicd_ieelVl Zledal^W ]l^Neg lJiej_gdPcW ZgZ cl cdlaleU jecdjdYdl_ VagN]gecZlVl lSGicd_g j ld]i^PeUM VagN]ge, dgZ j cl cdlaleU VlcY]gacd_g. =lZgTgdi^j aiTY^Pdgdj_elcdj lSGicd_ieelVl Zledal^W ]l^NeU
SUdP KidZl Y_WTgeU c Ji^W\j j Tg]gKg\j lSGicd_ieelVl Zledal^W; ldagNgdP cdi[ieP _Z^g]g ZgN]lVl cYS0iZdg lSGicd_ieelVl Zledal^W _
]lcdjNieji Ji^iQ j Tg]gK; Cla\Y^jal_gdPcW dgZj\
lSagTl\, KdlSU _
\gZcj\g^PelQ cdi[iej lJiej_gdP ]iWdi^PelcdP ZgZ laVgel_ lSGi-
1
=l^iGYZ !.A.
cZlQ Bi]iagJjj: "jc. … Zge]. Haj]. egYZ. <., 2012. A. 88.
.lecdjdYJjleel-[ag_l_Ui lcel_U lSGicd_ieelVl Zledal^W _ FlccjQ-
48
cd_ieelVl Zledal^W, B<A Flccjj _ Ji^l\, dgZ j VlcY]gacd_ieeUM
VagN]gecZjM c^YNgGjM _ Kgcdelcdj.
*g cl_ai\ieel\ ?dg[i c^i]Yid KidZl l[ai]i^jdP j TgZlel]gdi^Pel
TgZai[jdP diMel^lVjH Zledal^PelQ ]iWdi^Pelcdj (Zledal^PeUQ [alJicc), cdai\WcP [aj ?dl\ ]lcdjKP \gZcj\g^PelQ VjSZlcdj j _UclZlVl
?CCiZdg _ agSldi Zledal^jaYHGjM laVgel_. "^W ?CCiZdj_elQ aig^jTgJjj lSGicd_ieelVl Zledal^W eilSMl]j\l _UagSldgdP ]iQcd_ieeYH
cjcdi\Y c]iaNiZ j
[aldj_l_icl_, _Z^HKgHGYH lclSUQ [laW]lZ Cla\jal_gejW j Cjegecjal_gejW ]geeUM jecdjdYdl_, KidZjQ aiV^g\ied
[al_i]iejW Zledal^W j agcc\ldaiejW iVl aiTY^Pdgdl_, _UclZYH cdi[ieP TegKj\lcdj aiDiejQ, [ajej\gi\UM [l aiTY^Pdgdg\, [ag_g j lSWTgeelcdj cdlale [aj lcYGicd_^iejj Zledal^PeUM \ial[ajWdjQ, [alCiccjleg^PeUQ Zl]iZc [l_i]iejW j ]a., Kdl jcZ^HKjd [alS^i\Y ZleC^jZdg jediaicl_ eg ^jKel\ j laVgejTgJjleel\
Yal_eWM.
.al\i dlVl, cjcdi\g [YS^jKelVl Zledal^W — ?dl V^g_eUQ \iMgejT\ [aldj_l]iQcd_jW [alCiccjleg^PelQ ]iCla\gJjj cldaY]ejZl_
B<A Flccjj. !eg^jT ]iWdi^Pelcdj B<A Flccjj _ cjcdi\i VagN]gecZlVl lSGicd_g [lT_l^Wid c]i^gdP c^i]YHGji _U_l]U.
B<A Flccjj ]l^Neg _UcdY[gdP _ ]_YM _Tgj\llSYc^l_^ieeUM ZgKicd_gM: ZgZ laVge VlcY]gacd_ieelQ _^gcdj j ZgZ lcel_elQ cYS0iZd lSic[iKiejW SiTl[gcelcdj _ cCiai
\jVagJjj. B<A Flccjj ZgZ cYS0iZd
lSic[iKiejW SiTl[gcelcdj _ cCiai \jVagJjj — ?dl lSGicd_ieel lajiedjal_geegW c^YNSg, _Ml]WGgW _ cjcdi\Y [ag_jdi^Pcd_ieelVl _i]l\cd_g
c[iJjg^PelQ Zl\[idieJjj. i ]iWdi^PelcdP cdaljdcW eg lcel_i ldelDiejQ VagN]gecZl-[YS^jKelVl [gadeiacd_g. <idl]U [ajeYN]iejW agcc\gdaj_gHdcW ei ZgZ [l_ci]ei_elcdP \jVagJjleelQ agSldU j ii
cYGelcdP, g ZgZ ZagQeii cai]cd_l, Z Zldlal\Y B<A Flccjj
_UeYN]ieg
jelV]g [ajSiVgdP. %g]gKg aYZl_l]cd_g j laVgel_ Y[ag_^iejW B<A Flccjj — _Ucdagj_gdP agSldY dgZj\ lSagTl\, KdlSU c_icdj Z \jej\Y\Y cj^l_lQ Zl\[leied. *gci^ieji ]l^Nel agcc\gdaj_gdPcW _ ZgKicd_i Z^jiedl_, ZldlaU\ [ai]cdg_^WHdcW ZgKicd_ieeUi Yc^YVj _ cCiai \jVagJjj.
=alJicc clJjg^jTgJjj B<A Flccjj — agT_jdji ii ZgZ VlcY]gacd_ieelQ [alCiccjleg^PelQ lSGicd_ieel lajiedjal_geelQ c^YNSU.
B<A Flccjj
]l^Neg lS^g]gdP clScd_ieeU\ YejZg^PeU\ j ei[l_dl-
aj\U\ l[Udl\.
B<A Flccjj j cdaYZdYael, j cl]iaNgdi^Pel ]l^Neg SUdP Vldl_g
Z cldaY]ejKicd_Y c jecdjdYdg\j lSGicd_g j ZgN]U\ VagN]gejel\ _
ld]i^Pelcdj, _UcdY[gW jejJjgdlal\ dgZlVl _Tgj\l]iQcd_jW. 7SGicd_Y [ai]^gVgHd, g VagN]gejeg YVl_gaj_gHd [ajeWdP YKgcdji _ ?dl\ [alJicci, jc[l^PTYW _ci \elVllSagTji [lTjJjlejal_gejW, ]i^iVjaYW aig^PeUi [l^el\lKjW
[lcai]cd_l\ [gadeiacd_g j [YS^jKelVl Zledal^W.
49
: TgZ^HKieji eilSMl]j\l ld\idjdP:
6 VagN]gei j jM lS0i]jeiejW lS^g]gHd icdicd_ieeU\ (lSGiKi-
^l_iKicZj\) [ag_l\ eg Zledal^P VlcY]gacd_ieelQ ]iWdi^Pelcdj,
eiTg_jcj\l ld dlVl, TgZai[^iel ?dl [ag_l _ egJjleg^Pel\ TgZl-
el]gdi^Pcd_i, W_^WidcW VlcY]gacd_l ]i\lZagdjKicZj\ j^j g_dl-
ajdgaeU\;
6 egci^ieji, ]i^iVjaYW c_lj _^gcdeUi [l^el\lKjW laVgeg\ VlcY-
]gacd_ieelQ _^gcdj [lcai]cd_l\ YKgcdjW _ _USlagM j aiCiaie]Y\i,
]l^Nel
j\idP ]iQcd_ieeUQ \iMgejT\ lSagdelQ c_WTj, [lT_l^WHGjQ TgZleel j lSlcel_geel lZgTU_gdP _^jWeji eg ]iWdi^PelcdP VlcY]gacd_g. 7SGicd_ieeUQ Zledal^P eg] ]iWdi^PelcdPH laVgel_
_^gcdj j Y[ag_^iejW _ cCiai \jVagJjj, eicl\eieel, _UcdY[gid l]ej\ jT gdajSYdl_ ]i\lZagdjj j ZgZ Yc^l_ji ?CCiZdj_elQ VlcY]gacd_ieelQ [l^jdjZj;
6 ldelDiejW lSGicd_g j VlcY]gacd_g l[ai]i^WHdcW ZgZ ldelDiejW
cYS0iZdg j
lS0iZdg Zledal^PeUM [ag_lldelDiejQ c l[ai]i^ieelQ
]l^iQ Yc^l_elcdj. 7cel_egW [ajKjeg TgZ^HKgidcW _ dl\, Kdl ZgdiVlajW «Zledal^P» MgagZdiajTYidcW ZgZ ldelDieji «_^gcdP-[l]Kjeieji» j, [aiN]i _ciVl, ZgZ gdajSYd l]elVl jT YKgcdejZl_ ?djM
ldelDiejQ — _^gcd_YHGiVl. =l egDi\Y \eiejH, dgZgW [lcdgel_Zg _l[alcg [aj\iejdi^Peg Z dgZ egTU_gi\l\Y VlcY]gacd_ieel\Y Zledal^H. dl Ni ZgcgidcW Zledal^PeUM CYeZJjQ
VagN]gecZlVl lSGicd_g, dl lej ei dgZ W_el _UagNieU. 7delcjdi^Pel
]iQcd_ieelcdj \iMgejT\l_ lSGicd_ieelVl Zledal^W eid l]elTegKelQ [lTjJjj ej _ dilajj, ej eg [agZdjZi, g cdgel_^ieji j
agT_jdji ]geelVl jecdjdYdg [aldiZgid _ lcdal\ [aldj_lSlacd_i
agT^jKeUM lSGicd_ieel-[l^jdjKicZjM cj^ j diKiejQ. $\ieel [l
?dlQ [ajKjei lSGicd_l _ Sl^PDjecd_i c^YKgi_ agcc\gdaj_gidcW
dl^PZl ZgZ lS0iZd Zledal^W
;
6 _ cl_ai\ieeUM Yc^l_jWM j\ieel VlcY]gacd_Y [ajeg]^iNjd aY-
Zl_l]WGgW al^P _ lSic[iKiejj eilSMl]j\UM Yc^l_jQ ]^W laVgejTgJjj ?CCiZdj_elQ j ]iQcd_ieelQ cjcdi\U lSGicd_ieelVl
Zledal^W _ cCiai \jVagJjj. 7]egZl, [l^elJieeUQ lSGicd_ieeUQ
Zledal^P _lT\lNie dl^PZl _ c^YKgi iVl cg\llaVgejTgJjj, Kdl W_^WidcW lcel_l[l^gVgHGj\ Yc^l_ji\ agT_jdjW jecdjdYdl_ VagN]gecZlVl lSGicd_g;
6 _ DjalZl\ c\Uc^i lSGicd_ieeUQ
Zledal^P _ cCiai \jVagJjj
[lej\gidcW ZgZ laVgejTl_geegW cjcdi\g (\iMgejT\) Zledal^PeUM
\ial[ajWdjQ, [al_l]j\UM jecdjdYdg\j VagN]gecZlVl lSGicd_g
j ld]i^Pel VagN]geg\j, eg[ag_^ieeUM eg _UW_^ieji j [aiciKieji
egaYDiejQ [ag_ j c_lSl] Ki^l_iZg cl cdlaleU Ci]iag^PeUM la-
50
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